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Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the theory of human nature represented in Federalist #10?

A

Human beings need the restraint of the law and we can construct the law. Two parts is optimistic and pessimistic. It’s a dual view of human nature. Optimistic is that human beings have the power/reason. We can provide justice. Pessimistic is that we need to be restrained. We are not always rational and we don’t always defend each other’s liberties.

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2
Q

What is a faction? What are the causes of factions?

A

A number of citizens who are united and actuated by some common impulse or interest. Citizens who are united by a common passion. Amount doesn’t matter. Factions divide mankind into mutual animosities.

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3
Q

What are the potential ways of dealing with factions? Which were rejected and accepted?

A

We should limit the effects, not remove the causes. Or we should use democracy. A pure democracy has the solution to the problem of factions. Limiting freedom and giving everyone the same opinion will not work.

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4
Q

What is an extended republic?

A

Against tyranny.

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5
Q

What is a constitutional republic?

A

Divides powers accordingly and provides a whole system of checks and balances. The constitutional aspect is that the legislative government and checks and balances. The republican part is the different ages and terms.Citizens make it more likely that we can choose leaders of civic virtue.

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6
Q

What theory lies behind the idea of a well-constructed union?

A

The Well Constructed Constitutional Republic – Fragment & Limit Power – Protect Liberty

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7
Q

Where is the public value represented in Federalist #10?

A

There isn’t a public good so the goal of this system is to create a system to define public good.

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8
Q

What does Rawls mean by a sense of justice

A

“the capacity to understand, to apply, and to act from the public conception of justice which characterizes the fair terms of cooperation.” This sense expresses “a willingness…to act in relation to others on terms that they also can publicly endorse”

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9
Q

What does Rawls mean by a sense of good

A

“a conception of what is valuable in human life.” Normally it consists “of a more or less determinate scheme of final ends, that is, ends [goals] that we want to realize for their own sake, as well as attachments to other persons and loyalties to various groups and associations.”

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10
Q

What are Rawls’ two principles of justice?

A

Principle No. 1: Each person has an equal right to a fully adequate scheme of equal basic liberties which is compatible with a similar scheme of liberties for all
Principle

No. 2: Social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions. First, they must be attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity; and second, they must be to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members of society.

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11
Q

What is the Veil of Ignorance in Rawls?

A

…no one knows his place in society, his class position or social status; nor does he know his fortune in the distribution of natural assets and abilities, his intelligence and strength, and the like

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12
Q

What is the Original Position in Rawls?

A

Thought Experiment, Contrast to State of Nature, Select Rational Principles of Justice, Assume a Position of Rational Self-interest

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13
Q

What is Moral Literacy?

A

Moral literacy is defined as the ability to contend with complex moral problems.

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14
Q

What are the components of ethical sensitivity?

A

Identify Ethical Questions
Identify Ethical Values or Virtues (Stakeholders)
Identify Moral Intensity (Harm/Benefit) (Different Communities)
Often an Education in Cross Cultural Education in Values
Often an Education in Complexity of Moral Issues

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15
Q

What are the obstacles to ethical sensitivity?

A 
Requires training in basic ethical principles and values.
Issues are complex and often ambivalent.
Ethical Insensitivity
Self-deception
Community Shared Prejudices
Moral Blind Spots
Habitual wrongdoing
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16
Q

What are the components of ethical reasoning?

A

Understanding Ethical Frameworks
Identify and Assess the Factual Terrain
Identifying Relevant Stakeholders
Identify and Assess Values of Decision Makers

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17
Q

What are the components of moral imagination?

A
  1. Blend of Reason and Emotion
  2. Emotions of Disgust, Anger, Shame, Fairness
  3. Empathy
  4. Aesthetic Aspects of the Moral Vision
  5. Use of Narrative
  6. Moral Purpose
  7. Moral Courage
  8. Moral Hope
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18
Q

What are the questions to ask with respect to moral/ethical frameworks?

A
  1. Utilitarian/Consequentialist
  2. Deontological/Duty and Rights Based
  3. Virtue/Character Ethics
  4. Care Ethics
  5. Social Contract Ethics
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19
Q

What are Max Weber’s three realms of legitimacy/authority?

A

City of Freedom
City of Empire
Citizenship

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20
Q

What is Pericles’ view of citizenship?

A 
Excellence (arête)
Public Service
Reverence for the City
Respect for Law & Authority
Military Training
Appreciation for Beauty
 Deliberation
 Willingness to Die for the City
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21
Q

What are the formal charges against Socrates?

A

Formal Accusations

  1. Not Believing in the Traditional Gods
  2. Believing in New Gods
  3. Corrupting the Young
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22
Q

What are the informal charges against Socrates?

A

Informal Charges – Public Opinion

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23
Q

What is the Daimon of Socrates?

A

The Daimon: Socrates’ Inner Voice

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24
Q

What is Caring for the Soul?

A

Avoid Injustice
Constant Self-Examination
Ruthless Intellectual Honesty
Sustained Moral Energy

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25
Q

What is Socratic citizenship?

A 
Care for the Soul
B.  Moral skepticism/ Dissent
Moral Individualism
Socratic Ignorance
Heroism in the Face of Death
Love of the City
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26
Q

What is the ambivalent relationship between politics and philosophy?

A

Speaking Truth to Power

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27
Q

What does Robert Putnam mean by social capital?

A

Features of social organization such as networks, norms and social trust that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit

28
Q

In the interview with Putnam that follows the excerpts from Bowling Alone, Putnam makes a claim about civic associations, Which of the following is an accurate representation of what he claims?

A

When you participate in social groups, like a bowling league, interacting regularly with the same people week after week, you learn and practice what Tocqueville called habits of the heart.

29
Q

In the interview with Putnam that follows the excerpts from Bowling Alone, Putnam makes a claim about civic associations, Which of the following is an accurate representation of what he claims?

A

When you belong to social groups, you learn the personal virtues and skills that are the prerequisites for a democracy.

30
Q

In the interview with Putnam that follows the excerpts from Bowling Alone, Putnam makes a claim about civic associations, Which of the following is an accurate representation of what he claims?

A

When you belong to social groups, like bowling leagues, you listen, take notes, and keep minutes.

31
Q

In the interview with Putnam that follows the excerpts from Bowling Alone, Putnam makes a claim about civic associations, Which of the following is an accurate representation of what he claims?

A

When you belong to social groups, like bowling leagues, you take responsibility for your views. That’s what is different about league bowling verses bowling alone.

32
Q

Autochthonous

A

original inhabitants of a country; those mortals who have sprung from the soil rocks, and trees

33
Q

How did the ancient Greeks of Athens restrict eligibility for citizenship?

A
  1. Slaves were not allowed to be citizens
  2. Most tax-paying alien residents were not allowed to be citizens
  3. Pericles proposed that only those born of 2 Athenian parents were to be citizen
34
Q

What is the difference between a government and a regime?

A

In simple terms, government is a group of people within the state who have the ultimate authority to act on behalf of the State.

Regime is the set of rules, norms, and institutions that determine how government is constituted, how it’s organized and how its’ major decisions are made.

35
Q

What are the essential characteristics of a democratic regime?

A
  1. Regular and free elections
  2. Strong and independent legislatures
  3. Strong and independent judiciaries
  4. Multiplicity of strong and independent political parties and interest groups.
  5. Extensive Grass-Roots Participation
  6. Culture of Tolerance (Civic Culture)
36
Q

What are the essential characteristics of an authoritarian regime?

A
  1. Premodern forms of political organization.
  2. Dictatorships
  3. Single-party
  4. Limited pluralism
  5. Extensive apathy
37
Q

What are the essential characteristics of a totalitarian regime?

A
  1. Official Ideology
  2. Single Mass Party
  3. Terroristic Police Control
  4. Monopoly of Mass Communications
  5. Central Control of Economy
38
Q

What is Political Discourse?

A

is the formal exchange of reasoned views as to which of several alternative courses of action should be taken to solve a societal problem.

39
Q

What are the ingredients of effective discourse?

A
  1. Persuasive speech
  2. Essential to the role of citizen and leader
  3. Clarity of expression and command of language
  4. Learning how to participate in political and ethical discussions
  5. Framing of Political Arguments.
  6. Naming Things
40
Q

What do justice have to do with effective discourse?

A

Requires philosophical abstraction

Reason/Capable of Making Abstract Arguments

41
Q

What do pathos have to do with effective discourse?

A

Sense of memory

Capacity for empathy

42
Q

What do self-interest have to do with effective discourse?

A

Requires Expectation of Consequences: real or imagined.

43
Q

What do justice, pathos, and self-interest have to do with effective discourse?

A

Athena Teaches the Greeks that justice, pathos, and self-interest are not necessarily incompatible and that the confluence of these ingredients can bring moderation and civility to political discourse.

44
Q

What does Plato do in his many travels?

A
  1. Studied geometry, geography, astronomy, and religion in Egypt.
  2. Went west to spend time with the Pythagoreans in southern Italy.
  3. Learned mathematics and mysticism.
  4. Was on a path toward metaphysical, ethical, and political reflection.
45
Q

According to Rebecca Newberger Goldstein, “Making Athens Great Again”. a seminal period of human history occurs during what is called the Axial Age, from 800 to 200 BCE. Which of the following is an accurate depiction that age?

A
  1. Every major religion that still operates was founded during this time.
  2. It is an age in which several Hebrew prophets lived, including Ezekiel.
  3. It is the age of Lao-tzu, Buddha, and Confucius.
  4. In Greece it signals the use of reasoned argument, brought to bear on the human predicament.
46
Q

According to Rebecca Newberger Rothstein, an ethos of the extraordinary poses a practical problem. Most people are, by definition, perfectly ordinary, the ancient Greeks included. Ultimately, they found a solution to this knowledge. Which of the following are among the characteristics of that solution?

A
  1. Encouraging a shared sense of identity that also made them highly competitive.
  2. A belief that merely to be Greek was to be extraordinary.
  3. Consider those whose native language wasn’t Greek was barbarians.
47
Q

Which of the following are examples of voter suppression policies?

A
  1. Requiring permanent street or apartment addresses.
  2. Requiring photo ID’s.
  3. Purging Voter Registration Files.
  4. Disinformation Campaigns about the time and date of absentee ballots.
48
Q

The critics of neoliberalism make which of the following arguments?

A
  1. Intensification of inequality
  2. Commercialization of All things
  3. Intimacy of Corporate and Finance Capital with the State
  4. Order of Normative Reason
49
Q

The creation of geographic voting or districts of representation, in which one person is selected to be that district’s representative is an example of which of the following?

A

Single-Member District

50
Q

Which of the following are essential characteristics of totalitarian regimes?

A
  1. Official Ideology
  2. Terroristic Police Control
  3. Single Mass Party
  4. Control of the Media/Propaganda Campaign
51
Q

What forms does power take? What does X do to influence Y? Which of the following are examples of the forms of power?

A
  1. Persuasion
  2. Coercion
  3. Knowledge
  4. Speech
  5. Language
  6. Authority
52
Q

Which of the following is the BEST analytical definition of power?

A

X gets Y to do something that, in the absence of X’s actions, Y would not do.

53
Q

Which of the following are characteristics of classical conservatism?

A
  1. Natural Inequality or Hierarchy
  2. Human Irrationality
  3. Need for Restraint and Guidance
  4. Tradition and Moral Values
54
Q

Which of the following are characteristics of classical liberalism?

A
  1. Human Beings are Rational
  2. Individual Autonomy and Self-Governance
  3. Belief in Progress and Change
55
Q

Which of the following are negative characteristics of the American political culture?

A
  1. Apathy
  2. Violence
  3. Racism
  4. Anti-Intellectualism
56
Q

Which of the following are positive characteristics of the American political culture?

A
  1. Liberty and Equality
  2. Rule of Law
  3. Individualism
  4. Democratic Republicanism
57
Q

The process by which citizens learn the values and norms of their society is called what?

A

Socialization

58
Q

What is a nomos?

A
  1. Law based on custom and reason

2. God of Law, Husband of Eusebeia (Piety) and Father of Dike (justice)

59
Q

Which of the following characterizations of ideologies are accurate?

A

Ideologies transform power into authority.
Ideologies help us make sense of reality.
Ideologies motivate us to political action.

60
Q

A set of beliefs that orients people toward the challenges and opportunities of life, that begins with basic perceptions about politics and more systematic set of beliefs about transforming power into authority is called:

A

An Ideology

61
Q

A set of beliefs that orients people toward the challenges and opportunities of life, that begins with basic perceptions about power and authority is called:

A

A political Culture

62
Q

What is the mechanism by which 21st century citizens can be said to agree to the social contract?

A

Tacit consent

63
Q

Who (or what) is sovereign in Locke’s and Jefferson’s contract?

A

The people

64
Q

What is the typical 18th century understanding of the laws of nature?

A

They are imbued with the principles of reason and revelation

65
Q

What did Jefferson mean by Happiness in the Declaration of Independence?

A

Property and perhaps Aristotle’s notion of human flourishing.

66
Q

What did Locke mean by the inconveniences of the state of nature?

A

Lack of a legislature, executive, and judiciary.

Political Science (1 decks)

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