Final Flashcards
This gland is not a specific
pheromone producer gland:
Rabbit’s face gland Correct: ✓ Gerbil’s umbilical gland ✓ Dog’s cicumanal gland ✓ Hamster’s hip gland
Which is not a method for genetic quality control of lab animals?
Back gross breeding Correct: ✓ Skin transplantation ✓
SSLP (micro-satellite) ✓ Biomedical markers
Drawback of preference tests:
Animals choose in the base of sort term conditions
Which measurement is used to express energy requirement of laboratory animals?
Metabolic body weight
Sentinels are:
Animals used to evaluate a group’s health status
Which method would you use to get 1mL of blood from a rat?
Cardiac puncture
You cannot buy this type of diet from a commercial supplier:
Chemically defined diet Correct: ✓ Commercial pellet ✓ Liquid diet ✓ Gel
Not α2-agonist:
Tolmetine Correct: ✓ Xilazine ✓ Detomidine ✓ Romofidine
Not inherited disease of rat:
Hypo-acidosis Correct: ✓ Deaf ✓ Diabetes ✓ Obesity
The basic method of rodent phenotyping is to look for:
Chromosoma test
Not part of refinement of animal experimentation:
Alternatives to animal use Correct: ✓ Genetic homogeneity ✓ Health status ✓ Proper defined diet
Which animals are covered by 63/2010 EEC directive?
Vertebrates and Cephalipodes
GLP not concerned about conditions under which laboratory:
Are build Correct: ✓ Studies are planned ✓ Research are preformed ✓ Studies are recorded and reported
Which species can die after oral penicillin treatment>
Guinea pig
One of them is an important mechanism of nutrigenomics:
Changing the signalling pathway
Acute toxicity test has an invasiveness category of __ pain:
Severe
Maintenance energy requirements of laboratory animals:
0.45MJ DE x W0.75
This disease is not a zoonosis:
Ringtail Correct: ✓ Lymphatic choriomeningitis of mice ✓ Salmonellosis ✓ Listeriosis
The recommended nutrient allowances:
Ensure the reproduction and longevity of the animals
Cannot be stage of mouse genital and urinary syndrome:
Ulceration Correct: ✓ Bacteraemia ✓ Inflammation ✓ Mating overload
Quarantine period not determined by:
Number of animals Correct: ✓ Health status of animals ✓ Species ✓ Purpose of use
Which species has a tied skin, so cannot grab it without causing pain to the animal?
Guinea pig
Not physical euthanasia method:
Maceration Correct: ✓ T61 ✓ Cervical dislocation ✓ Decapitation
Which species is not a member of Rodentia genus?
Marmoset Correct: ✓ Golden hamster ✓ Gerbil ✓ Guinea pig
OECD do not deal questions about:
Validation of in vitro methods Correct:✓ GLP ✓ Co-ordination of toxicological databases ✓ Validation of national laws
Gerbil is a good model for:
Epilepsy aorta
The animal cannot be examined with ultrasound:
Golden hamster Correct: ✓ Rabbit ✓ Guinea pig ✓ Dog
Not true for chronic mycoplasmosis of mice:
Zoonosis Correct: ✓ Agent is Mycoplasma pulmonis ✓ 12-18 day old puppies are most disposed ✓ Can appear with Sendai virus
The closes species to Syrian hamster in taxonomy is:
Gerbil
Good species to use for auditory research:
Chinchilla
Breeding technique which is not used to maintain an out-bred stock:
Brother-sister mating Correct: ✓ Random breeding ✓ MAI ✓ Cross-breeding
A contaminated breeding colony (line) should be: (?)
Euthanized Put under negative pressure cabin Treated by antibiotics Individually marked
In reproductive toxicology, not acceptable treatment: (?)
Used only for parents before mating Between implantation and foetogenesis Between foetogenesis and parturition From parent before mating till separation from dam
It can be used for intra-dermal injection:
Mice ear
Pasteurella pneumotropica does not attack:
Brain
Correct: ✓ Uterus ✓ Prostate ✓ Lung
Environmental enrichment should not be done:
Just for human fun Correct: ✓ For the benefit of the animals ✓ With the sense of animals ✓ With some unpredictability
How would you restrain a gerbil?
Hand around the chest
Who will decide on institute level if an animal experiment was necessary or not?
Ethical committee (Animal Welfare Body)
It is not a zoonosis:
Sendai virus disease Correct: ✓ Hantaan virus disease ✓ Salmonellosis ✓ Lymphocytic-ChorioMeningitis (LCM)
This female embryo in a rat will achieve breeding maturity (M=Month):
1M
The basic method of rodent sexing is to look for:
Ano-genital distance
The recommended nutrient allowances:
Ensure the optimum functioning of the animals
Maintenance energy requirements of laboratory animals and for extrapolation of dosage use:
W 0.75
The main body of Laboratory Animal Science of the World:
CLASS
The closest species to Syrian hamster in taxonomy is:
Gerbil
What ‘Environmental Enrichment’ means in laboratory?
To give bedding material or toys to experimental animal if possible
Feeding rancid feed and/or vitamin E deficient feed may cause:
Dermatitis
Zebradanio is:
Omnivore
It is an alternative use of animals in experiments:
Database search and meta-analysis
Sub-cutaneous injury has a severity category of __ pain:
Minor
Which 3 words called the 3 R s by Russel and Burch?
Reduction, Replacement, Refinement
It is not true about euthanasia: (?)
Can be used to get large amount of blood out of an animal Correct: ✓ Must be performed by researcher or other trained person ✓ Should be used if an animal would suffer in an experiment (this was marked as correct…) ✓ Should be planned in experimental protocol
What does ‘knock out animal’ mean:
Transgenic animal
Which method would you use to get a drop of blood from mice?
Retro-orbital puncture
Which name indicates an outbred stock? .
.lr:NMRI
You cannot use this method for euthanasia on rat:
Ketamine Correct: ✓ Decapitation ✓ Cervical dislocation with weight limit ✓ CO2
What is the best equipment to maintain a transgenic colony in? countries
Base colony in different
Which species has only provoked (stimulated) ovulation?
Ferret
What does the expression ‘inbred strain’ mean:
Brother-sister mating through at least 20 generation
Which species is the best in atherosclerosis research?
WHHL-rabbit Notes – Gerbil
You can find a ‘sacculus rotundus or ampulla ilei’ in the:
Rabbit
This gland is a specific pheromone producer gland:
Hamster’s lateral gland
Which species has a gallbladder?
Golden hamster
What does SPF mean?
Specific Pathogen Free
How would you restrain a rat for per-oral dosing?
By grabbing the skin on back and neck
Which sentence is not true about ‘Environmental Enrichment’?
Device in case that animal can control Correct: ✓ All possibilities should be done to improve animal’s well-being what the experiment allows ✓ Always should be evaluated on cross-benefit base ✓ A nest material is an example for that
Gnotobiotic (=Axenic) animals:
Germ free
What does rederivation mean?
Production of germ-free strain by embryo transfer
In the practice, it is not possible to produce germ-free colony from this species:
Duck Correct: ✓ Rat ✓ Golden hamster ✓ Rabbit
Which would be the best feeding regime in an experiment?
Ad libitum
What is well-being?
State of physiological and psychological harmony of the animal with its internal and external environment
Which vein can be used for IV injection on ferret?
Jugular vein
How would you restrain a rabbit?
By grabbing as much skin as possible on back
You cannot use this method for euthanasia on new-born, nest-living animals:
CO2 inhalation Correct: ✓ Cutting the neck ✓ Cervical dislocation ✓ Electric stunning
Which method would you use you get 10mL of blood from an adult rat?
Preparation of abdominal aorta
Which mouse strain is sensitive to Pneumocystis carini?
Swiss
Which is not necessary before transport of rodent?
Fasting Correct: ✓ Clinical examination ✓ Ear printing ✓ Acclimatisation
When this phenomenon disappears, the narcosis ends with death:
Cornea reflex
It is not true about euthanasia:
Should be cheap Correct: ✓ Should achieve rapid unconciseness and death ✓ Should be safe for user ✓ Should be simple to administer
One is not true about the co-isogenic strains:
It can only be maintained in a homozygous form Correct: ✓ The new gene is the product of natural maturation ✓ The name contains the strain/sub-strain and the symbol of the mutant gene ✓ The co-isogenic strain only differs by only one gene from the original one
Dog is not a good model for:
Cardiovascular atherosclerosis Correct: ✓ Tumour-cancer research ✓ Leptospirosis ✓ Epilepsy
Mini-pig has a live weight of:
20-45 kg
Experimental design cannot be:
Cross-breeding Correct: ✓ Cross-over design ✓ Latin square design ✓ Factorial design
The basal circadian rhythm is:
Dependent from the gen expression of a protein
Melatonin produced by:
Pineal gland
This species mostly used in viral respiratory research:
Ferrets
A chronic stress can cause this type of behaviour
Apathy/Aggression
Well-being cannot be measured by:
(more than one correct answer) Clinical assessment Physiological parameters Grimace score Reproductive state
Which environment is good for animals?
Classical music
Which tissue is the least sensitive to suffering?
Brain tissue
The naked mole rat has an extra=ordinary long life-span because of:
(multiple choice) Special hyaluronan which prevent cancer
The co-efficient on inbreeding (F):
(multiple choice) Means the fraction of the genes that get fixed in a homozygous state
Inherited disease of some mouse strains:
Deafness
Which is a member of Pox viridae?
Ectomelia virus
Ringtail is cause by:
Too low relative humidity
Not part of refinement of animal experimentation:
Hair colour Correct: ✓ Health status ✓ Analgesia ✓ Environmental enrichment
The hearing range of rodents:
0.5 / 1 - 100 / 120 kHz
Which species has one pair of teats?
Guinea pig
Which species has a ‘peg’ (double incissors) teeth?
Rabbit
Two important words for animals concerning the pain feeling (Weiss-trail):
Predictability and contractibility
Mouse pox:
cause by Ectomelia
It is not a physical euthanasia method:
Cooling in refrigerator Correct: ✓ T61 ✓ Cervical dislocation ✓ Decapacitation
The African clawed for (Xenopus):
Shows mating behaviour after Hcg injection
The axolotl is not:
Reaches adulthood after a complete metamorphosis Correct: ✓ Carnivorous ✓ Capable of regenerating lost limbs completely ✓ Has a ling lifespan (8-10 years)
Laboratory animals – except the guinea pig – usually adjust their feed intake to satisfy their:
Energy requirement
Which species can die after oral antibiotic treatment?
Guinea pig and rabbit
Role of PPAR is to:
Burn fats
One of the following has no anti-cancer effect:
Iron Correct: ✓ Resveratrol ✓ CLA ✓ Green tea
One of them is an important mechanism of epigenomics:
Methylation of DNA
Zebrafish has a life-span of __year:
6-8 3-5 years according to internet
One of them has no role in epigenomics:
Change of base in DNA Correct: ✓ Sulfurization ✓ DNA-methylation ✓ Histon acetylation
The role of __ is a fine regulation of the protein synthesis in the cell:
miRNA / siRNA
In some cases the epigenetic changes may be inherited:
If the effect(s) acts during the germ-cell proliferation (‘time window’)
You can find neoteny at:
Axolotl
Pheromones are detected by:
VNO
One is true about the ferret:
We can prevent the constant estrus by using GnRH agonist implants
The cephalopods:
Are under the protection of the 2010/63/EU Directive since 2013
Always consider using F1 hybrid because:
Neither
Neither their biological response is more variable than the parental strains nor their biological response is more uniform than the parental strains.
One of the statements is true:
Animals in an outbred stock are anisogenic
A chromorhnydachyrrhea:
Vitamin A deficiency
It can go through the uteral wall:
(2 right answers) Mouse mammary tumour LCM
Carbohydrate ingestion:
Stimulate the fatty acid synthase gene expression
May increase the mitochondria number:
Resveratrol
The most used model for drug metabolism study for humans:
Macaco
Describe the naked mole rat as an animal model.
- Have a gene which conserves collagen. - Do not age. - Do not get tumours. - Life-span of 20-30 years. - Complex social system and hierarchy. - Best model for aging and cancer studies
Explain the pain scoring system for Glires. Describe the evaluation of the Glires pain categories.
- 0 points = None - 1 point = Mild - 2 points = Moderate - 3 points = Severe - Based on appearance, behaviour, pulse, appetite/drinking, cardiovascular, digestive, and nervous systems. - 0-4 = Normal - 5-9 = Needs analgesia - 10-14 = Moderate pain, possible need to terminate trial - 15-20 = Not physiological, stop experiment!
Explain the epigenetics’ mechanism of action.
- Modifications e.g. Methylation, histone acetylation, which protect DNA and modify which genes are expressed or silenced. - Do not change the genome itself - May be inherited - Influenced by outside stimuli e.g. nutritional status
Give the meaning of the pyramid conception with examples. Shortly describe the pyramid conception, with examples. -
-Computer – Synthetize compounds - Bacteria – Test for teratogenicity - Cell culture – Eliminate harmful compounds - Invertebrates - Fish - Mammals - Non-human primates - Humans (can be more steps in between)
