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Bioethics > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

This gland is not a specific

pheromone producer gland: 

A

Rabbit’s face gland Correct: ✓ Gerbil’s umbilical gland ✓ Dog’s cicumanal gland ✓ Hamster’s hip gland

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2
Q

Which is not a method for genetic quality control of lab animals? 

A

Back gross breeding Correct: ✓ Skin transplantation ✓

SSLP (micro-satellite) ✓ Biomedical markers

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3
Q

Drawback of preference tests:

A

Animals choose in the base of sort term conditions

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4
Q

Which measurement is used to express energy requirement of laboratory animals?

A

Metabolic body weight

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5
Q

Sentinels are:

A

Animals used to evaluate a group’s health status

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6
Q

Which method would you use to get 1mL of blood from a rat?

A

Cardiac puncture

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7
Q

You cannot buy this type of diet from a commercial supplier:

A

Chemically defined diet Correct: ✓ Commercial pellet ✓ Liquid diet ✓ Gel

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8
Q

Not α2-agonist:

A

Tolmetine Correct: ✓ Xilazine ✓ Detomidine ✓ Romofidine

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9
Q

Not inherited disease of rat: 

A

Hypo-acidosis Correct: ✓ Deaf ✓ Diabetes ✓ Obesity

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10
Q

The basic method of rodent phenotyping is to look for:

A

Chromosoma test

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11
Q

Not part of refinement of animal experimentation: 

A

Alternatives to animal use Correct: ✓ Genetic homogeneity ✓ Health status ✓ Proper defined diet

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12
Q

Which animals are covered by 63/2010 EEC directive?

A

Vertebrates and Cephalipodes

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13
Q

GLP not concerned about conditions under which laboratory: 

A

Are build Correct: ✓ Studies are planned ✓ Research are preformed ✓ Studies are recorded and reported

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14
Q

Which species can die after oral penicillin treatment>

A

Guinea pig

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15
Q

One of them is an important mechanism of nutrigenomics:

A

Changing the signalling pathway

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16
Q

Acute toxicity test has an invasiveness category of __ pain:

A

Severe

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17
Q

Maintenance energy requirements of laboratory animals:

A

0.45MJ DE x W0.75

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18
Q

This disease is not a zoonosis: 

A

Ringtail Correct: ✓ Lymphatic choriomeningitis of mice ✓ Salmonellosis ✓ Listeriosis

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19
Q

The recommended nutrient allowances:

A

Ensure the reproduction and longevity of the animals

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20
Q

Cannot be stage of mouse genital and urinary syndrome: 

A

Ulceration Correct: ✓ Bacteraemia ✓ Inflammation ✓ Mating overload

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21
Q

Quarantine period not determined by: 

A

Number of animals Correct: ✓ Health status of animals ✓ Species ✓ Purpose of use

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22
Q

Which species has a tied skin, so cannot grab it without causing pain to the animal?

A

Guinea pig

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23
Q

Not physical euthanasia method: 

A

Maceration Correct: ✓ T61 ✓ Cervical dislocation ✓ Decapitation

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24
Q

Which species is not a member of Rodentia genus? 

A

Marmoset Correct: ✓ Golden hamster ✓ Gerbil ✓ Guinea pig

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25
Q

OECD do not deal questions about: 

A

Validation of in vitro methods Correct:✓ GLP ✓ Co-ordination of toxicological databases ✓ Validation of national laws

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26
Q

Gerbil is a good model for:

A

Epilepsy aorta

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27
Q

The animal cannot be examined with ultrasound: 

A

Golden hamster Correct: ✓ Rabbit ✓ Guinea pig ✓ Dog

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28
Q

Not true for chronic mycoplasmosis of mice: 

A

Zoonosis Correct: ✓ Agent is Mycoplasma pulmonis ✓ 12-18 day old puppies are most disposed ✓ Can appear with Sendai virus

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29
Q

The closes species to Syrian hamster in taxonomy is:

A

Gerbil

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30
Q

Good species to use for auditory research:

A

Chinchilla

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31
Q

Breeding technique which is not used to maintain an out-bred stock: 

A

Brother-sister mating Correct: ✓ Random breeding ✓ MAI ✓ Cross-breeding

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32
Q

A contaminated breeding colony (line) should be: (?)

A

Euthanized Put under negative pressure cabin Treated by antibiotics Individually marked

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33
Q

In reproductive toxicology, not acceptable treatment: (?)

A

Used only for parents before mating Between implantation and foetogenesis Between foetogenesis and parturition From parent before mating till separation from dam

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34
Q

It can be used for intra-dermal injection:

A

Mice ear

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35
Q

Pasteurella pneumotropica does not attack: 

A

Brain

Correct: ✓ Uterus ✓ Prostate ✓ Lung

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36
Q

Environmental enrichment should not be done:

A

Just for human fun Correct: ✓ For the benefit of the animals ✓ With the sense of animals ✓ With some unpredictability

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37
Q

How would you restrain a gerbil?

A

Hand around the chest

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38
Q

Who will decide on institute level if an animal experiment was necessary or not?

A

Ethical committee (Animal Welfare Body)

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39
Q

It is not a zoonosis: 

A

Sendai virus disease Correct: ✓ Hantaan virus disease ✓ Salmonellosis ✓ Lymphocytic-ChorioMeningitis (LCM)

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40
Q

This female embryo in a rat will achieve breeding maturity (M=Month):

A

1M

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41
Q

The basic method of rodent sexing is to look for:

A

Ano-genital distance

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42
Q

The recommended nutrient allowances:

A

Ensure the optimum functioning of the animals

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43
Q

Maintenance energy requirements of laboratory animals and for extrapolation of dosage use:

A

W 0.75

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44
Q

The main body of Laboratory Animal Science of the World:

A

CLASS

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45
Q

The closest species to Syrian hamster in taxonomy is:

A

Gerbil

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46
Q

What ‘Environmental Enrichment’ means in laboratory?

A

To give bedding material or toys to experimental animal if possible

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47
Q

Feeding rancid feed and/or vitamin E deficient feed may cause:

A

Dermatitis

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48
Q

Zebradanio is:

A

Omnivore

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49
Q

It is an alternative use of animals in experiments:

A

Database search and meta-analysis

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50
Q

Sub-cutaneous injury has a severity category of __ pain:

A

Minor

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51
Q

Which 3 words called the 3 R s by Russel and Burch?

A

Reduction, Replacement, Refinement

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52
Q

It is not true about euthanasia: (?) 

A

Can be used to get large amount of blood out of an animal Correct: ✓ Must be performed by researcher or other trained person ✓ Should be used if an animal would suffer in an experiment (this was marked as correct…) ✓ Should be planned in experimental protocol

53
Q

What does ‘knock out animal’ mean:

A

Transgenic animal

54
Q

Which method would you use to get a drop of blood from mice?

A

Retro-orbital puncture

55
Q

Which name indicates an outbred stock? .

A

.lr:NMRI

56
Q

You cannot use this method for euthanasia on rat: 

A

Ketamine Correct: ✓ Decapitation ✓ Cervical dislocation with weight limit ✓ CO2

57
Q

What is the best equipment to maintain a transgenic colony in? countries

A

Base colony in different

58
Q

Which species has only provoked (stimulated) ovulation?

A

Ferret

59
Q

What does the expression ‘inbred strain’ mean:

A

Brother-sister mating through at least 20 generation

60
Q

Which species is the best in atherosclerosis research?

A

WHHL-rabbit Notes – Gerbil

61
Q

You can find a ‘sacculus rotundus or ampulla ilei’ in the:

A

Rabbit

62
Q

This gland is a specific pheromone producer gland:

A

Hamster’s lateral gland

63
Q

Which species has a gallbladder?

A

Golden hamster

64
Q

What does SPF mean?

A

Specific Pathogen Free

65
Q

How would you restrain a rat for per-oral dosing?

A

By grabbing the skin on back and neck

66
Q

Which sentence is not true about ‘Environmental Enrichment’? 

A

Device in case that animal can control Correct: ✓ All possibilities should be done to improve animal’s well-being what the experiment allows ✓ Always should be evaluated on cross-benefit base ✓ A nest material is an example for that

67
Q

Gnotobiotic (=Axenic) animals:

A

Germ free

68
Q

What does rederivation mean?

A

Production of germ-free strain by embryo transfer

69
Q

In the practice, it is not possible to produce germ-free colony from this species: 

A

Duck Correct: ✓ Rat ✓ Golden hamster ✓ Rabbit

70
Q

Which would be the best feeding regime in an experiment?

A

Ad libitum

71
Q

What is well-being?

A

State of physiological and psychological harmony of the animal with its internal and external environment

72
Q

Which vein can be used for IV injection on ferret?

A

Jugular vein

73
Q

How would you restrain a rabbit?

A

By grabbing as much skin as possible on back

74
Q

You cannot use this method for euthanasia on new-born, nest-living animals:

A

CO2 inhalation Correct: ✓ Cutting the neck ✓ Cervical dislocation ✓ Electric stunning

75
Q

Which method would you use you get 10mL of blood from an adult rat?

A

Preparation of abdominal aorta

76
Q

Which mouse strain is sensitive to Pneumocystis carini?

A

Swiss

77
Q

Which is not necessary before transport of rodent? 

A

Fasting Correct: ✓ Clinical examination ✓ Ear printing ✓ Acclimatisation

78
Q

When this phenomenon disappears, the narcosis ends with death:

A

Cornea reflex

79
Q

It is not true about euthanasia: 

A

Should be cheap Correct: ✓ Should achieve rapid unconciseness and death ✓ Should be safe for user ✓ Should be simple to administer

80
Q

One is not true about the co-isogenic strains: 

A

It can only be maintained in a homozygous form Correct: ✓ The new gene is the product of natural maturation ✓ The name contains the strain/sub-strain and the symbol of the mutant gene ✓ The co-isogenic strain only differs by only one gene from the original one

81
Q

Dog is not a good model for: 

A

Cardiovascular atherosclerosis Correct: ✓ Tumour-cancer research ✓ Leptospirosis ✓ Epilepsy

82
Q

Mini-pig has a live weight of:

A

20-45 kg

83
Q

Experimental design cannot be: 

A

Cross-breeding Correct: ✓ Cross-over design ✓ Latin square design ✓ Factorial design

84
Q

The basal circadian rhythm is:

A

Dependent from the gen expression of a protein

85
Q

Melatonin produced by:

A

Pineal gland

86
Q

This species mostly used in viral respiratory research:

A

Ferrets

87
Q

A chronic stress can cause this type of behaviour

A

Apathy/Aggression

88
Q

Well-being cannot be measured by:

A

(more than one correct answer) Clinical assessment Physiological parameters Grimace score Reproductive state

89
Q

Which environment is good for animals?

A

Classical music

90
Q

Which tissue is the least sensitive to suffering?

A

Brain tissue

91
Q

The naked mole rat has an extra=ordinary long life-span because of:

A

(multiple choice) Special hyaluronan which prevent cancer

92
Q

The co-efficient on inbreeding (F):

A

(multiple choice) Means the fraction of the genes that get fixed in a homozygous state

93
Q

Inherited disease of some mouse strains:

A

Deafness

94
Q

Which is a member of Pox viridae?

A

Ectomelia virus

95
Q

Ringtail is cause by:

A

Too low relative humidity

96
Q

Not part of refinement of animal experimentation: 

A

Hair colour Correct: ✓ Health status ✓ Analgesia ✓ Environmental enrichment

97
Q

The hearing range of rodents:

A

0.5 / 1 - 100 / 120 kHz

98
Q

Which species has one pair of teats?

A

Guinea pig

99
Q

Which species has a ‘peg’ (double incissors) teeth?

A

Rabbit

100
Q

Two important words for animals concerning the pain feeling (Weiss-trail):

A

Predictability and contractibility

101
Q

Mouse pox:

A

cause by Ectomelia

102
Q

It is not a physical euthanasia method:

A

Cooling in refrigerator Correct: ✓ T61 ✓ Cervical dislocation ✓ Decapacitation

103
Q

The African clawed for (Xenopus):

A

Shows mating behaviour after Hcg injection

104
Q

The axolotl is not: 

A

Reaches adulthood after a complete metamorphosis Correct: ✓ Carnivorous ✓ Capable of regenerating lost limbs completely ✓ Has a ling lifespan (8-10 years)

105
Q

Laboratory animals – except the guinea pig – usually adjust their feed intake to satisfy their:

A

Energy requirement

106
Q

Which species can die after oral antibiotic treatment?

A

Guinea pig and rabbit

107
Q

Role of PPAR is to:

A

Burn fats

108
Q

One of the following has no anti-cancer effect: 

A

Iron Correct: ✓ Resveratrol ✓ CLA ✓ Green tea

109
Q

One of them is an important mechanism of epigenomics:

A

Methylation of DNA

110
Q

Zebrafish has a life-span of __year:

A

6-8 3-5 years according to internet

111
Q

One of them has no role in epigenomics: 

A

Change of base in DNA Correct: ✓ Sulfurization ✓ DNA-methylation ✓ Histon acetylation

112
Q

The role of __ is a fine regulation of the protein synthesis in the cell:

A

miRNA / siRNA

113
Q

In some cases the epigenetic changes may be inherited:

A

If the effect(s) acts during the germ-cell proliferation (‘time window’)

114
Q

You can find neoteny at:

A

Axolotl

115
Q

Pheromones are detected by:

A

VNO

116
Q

One is true about the ferret:

A

We can prevent the constant estrus by using GnRH agonist implants

117
Q

The cephalopods:

A

Are under the protection of the 2010/63/EU Directive since 2013

118
Q

Always consider using F1 hybrid because:

A

Neither
Neither their biological response is more variable than the parental strains nor their biological response is more uniform than the parental strains.

119
Q

One of the statements is true:

A

Animals in an outbred stock are anisogenic

120
Q

A chromorhnydachyrrhea:

A

Vitamin A deficiency

121
Q

It can go through the uteral wall:

A

(2 right answers) Mouse mammary tumour LCM

122
Q

Carbohydrate ingestion:

A

Stimulate the fatty acid synthase gene expression

123
Q

May increase the mitochondria number:

A

Resveratrol

124
Q

The most used model for drug metabolism study for humans:

A

Macaco

125
Q

Describe the naked mole rat as an animal model.

A
  • Have a gene which conserves collagen. - Do not age. - Do not get tumours. - Life-span of 20-30 years. - Complex social system and hierarchy. - Best model for aging and cancer studies
126
Q

Explain the pain scoring system for Glires. Describe the evaluation of the Glires pain categories.

A
  • 0 points = None - 1 point = Mild - 2 points = Moderate - 3 points = Severe - Based on appearance, behaviour, pulse, appetite/drinking, cardiovascular, digestive, and nervous systems. - 0-4 = Normal - 5-9 = Needs analgesia - 10-14 = Moderate pain, possible need to terminate trial - 15-20 = Not physiological, stop experiment!
127
Q

Explain the epigenetics’ mechanism of action.

A
  • Modifications e.g. Methylation, histone acetylation, which protect DNA and modify which genes are expressed or silenced. - Do not change the genome itself - May be inherited - Influenced by outside stimuli e.g. nutritional status
128
Q

Give the meaning of the pyramid conception with examples. Shortly describe the pyramid conception, with examples. -

A

-Computer – Synthetize compounds - Bacteria – Test for teratogenicity - Cell culture – Eliminate harmful compounds - Invertebrates - Fish - Mammals - Non-human primates - Humans (can be more steps in between)

Bioethics (1 decks)

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