Final

Question 1

Political ideologies and theories:

Answer 1

Typology: (two trends) 1. Normatives: ideas of reality surpass facts (Marx) norms determine the understanding of reality 2. Deductives: priority to the description and the interpretation of facts (rational choice = cost/benefits) reality surpasses ideas

Question 2

Jurgen Habermas 1993:

Answer 2

Took by the typology proposed by Cooper to describe the world into three groups: advanced, recently integrated, and marginalised (depending on their level of integration/ development)

Question 3

1946-47: emergence of the cold war

Answer 3

Europe if not able to preserve it’s own security + The Domino theory (soviet expansion becomes a threat for Western European democracies) = US intervention is needed to contain communism

Question 4

Second wave of realism/ institutionalising:

Answer 4

the international system now has an implicit/explicit structure which determines how states will act within the system

Question 5

The power of diplomacy:

Answer 5

Trust in human beings: conflict is actually based on peoples conditions of living and by reforming these conditions (e.g. trade/democracy) permits to bring peace

Question 6

Balance of power:

Answer 6

Collaboration between states to maintain their independence (by preventing one state from gaining too much power)

Question 7

Functionalism:

Answer 7

Insists on common interest shared by states; Integration develops its own internal dynamics based on functional cooperation; Limited cooperation to better individual governance: Once proved to be satisfying, call for new sectors of technical cooperation

Question 8

Adam Smith:

Answer 8

based on the idea that trade generates wealth, e.g. specialisation of activities

Question 9

System theory:

Answer 9

elements and dynamics adapt to new forms of actors (traditionally state centric)

Question 10

Balance of Power:

Answer 10

Collaborations among states to maintain independence, build systems of alliance with offensive/defensive capabilities.

Question 11

What constitutes a state?

Answer 11

Territory (comes with consequences, treaties) Government (organisation and functioning), Population (citizenship,common faith) and Sovereignty (UN charter- sovereign equality of states, exclusive rights, development of international law and regional agreements)

Question 12

FP objectives:

Answer 12

Selfish/national interests, build upon identification of objectives (depending on dominant ideology, personal skills, tech availability), the Selection of the best answer: influenced by perception of stakes (creditability of enemy and quality of the instruments of perception and dominant ideology), the Tools available (economic/military, capacity of persuasion by others perceptions) and Objectives = what do you need

Question 13

Game theory:

Answer 13

outcomes are determined by other actors decisions as well as their own

Question 14

Making foreign policy:

Answer 14

Depends on A) external constraints B) internal objectives C) the government and it’s DMP D) Beauacratic politics (bargaining and compromising) E) Rational choice (bounded, priorities do not vary), F) The leverage and impact of leaders

Question 15

Multiple advocacy:

Answer 15

Better and more rational decisions are made when they are reached in a group context