FINAL Flashcards
Social Anxiety Disorder
An intense worry or fear of being scrutinized or being embarrassed/ humiliated in the presence of others (worry about what people think about you becomes clinically significant); AVOIDANCE; Involves hypersensitivity to social cues, as well as significant attempts to avoid drawing attention to oneself, or social avoidance all together (related to Looks or Behaviors)
SUBTYPES of Social Anxiety Disorder
Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder and Performance Social Anxiety Disorder
Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder
Social anxiety occurs in every situation with anyone
Performance Social Anxiety Disorder
Specific situations trigger social acuity (Bathroom in public, Meeting new people, Public speaking, Eating around others)
Specific Phobias
Extreme and irrational fear of a specific object or situation that produces significant distress or panic (A fear is not the same thing as a phobia!); Person goes to great lengths to avoid the object or situation, or endures it with extreme distress (effects everyday life); Most can recognize that the fear and avoidance are unreasonable, but “can’t help it”; Must markedly interfere with one’s ability to function
SUBTYPES of Specific Phobias
Animal, Natural/Environmental, Blood-injection-injury, Situational, “Other”
Animal SP Subtype
All types, including insects (Most common: Snakes, Bats, Bees)
Natural/Environmental SP Subtype
Things found in “nature”/ outdoors (e.g., heights, storms, water)
Blood-injection-injury SP Subtype:
Covers most medical situations (Doctor/Dentist/ Equipment); unusual vasovagal response involved (Fainting, sudden heart rate and blood pressure drop)
Situational SP Subtype:
Certain occurrences only, might not be situations that happen often but when it does you’re screwed! (Planes, the dark, enclosed spaces, bridges)
“Other” SP Subtype
Anything not reflected above (Costumes, Clowns)
Agoraphobia
Involves fear and avoidance of situations where escaping or getting help easily is unlikely in the event that something incapacitating or embarrassing happens (Open or public places)
- Most commonly, with Agoraphobia the person fears having a panic attack in these situations and thus avoids them markedly; DSM provides a list of possible “situations” and at least 2 of those are required (Many due to past occurrences)
- Some with agoraphobia may even become “housebound” (Avoid public transportation, restaurants, etc.)
Panic Disorder
Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks (frightening attacks of fear and bodily symptoms); Also apprehension about future panic attacks, or significant changes in behavior to avoid attacks (Must be present for a month or longer) Many avoid situations to avoid attacks and working out bc it feels like an attack
Generalized Anxiety Disorder:
Excessive and uncontrollable apprehension and worry about virtually everything; The anxiety is present on the majority of days for at least 6 months; Also accompanied by certain physical symptoms (e.g., restlessness or muscle tension); Most frequently diagnosed anxiety disorder (Disruptive to everyday life)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Vicious cycle of Obsessions (Intrusive, frequent/intense, cognitions: thoughts, images, or urges that won’t go away) and Compulsions (Behaviors to reduce the anxiety brought on by obsessions)
- OCD Thoughts: “Need to do this”; Thoughts of hurting someone
- OCD Behaviors: Repetitive or Ritualistic Behaviors; Doubting Actions (opening/closing doors)
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
A preoccupation with perceived physical defects in a normal-appearing person, or Excessive (unwarranted) distress over an actual slight bodily defect; “Perceived ugliness”
The “compulsive” part of Body Dysmorphic Disorder involves the associated repetitive behaviors (e.g., mirror-checking, over-use of make-up)
Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder) and Excoriation (Skin-Picking Disorder)
Vicious cycles that involve constant obsessions about the behavior in question, as well as the compulsive act
Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder)
Hair loss is visible and significant
Excoriation (Skin-Picking Disorder)
The picking results in visible lesions/scabs/scars (and infection can be a risk)
Hoarding Disorder
Persistent difficulty in parting with possessions, regardless of value, such that living areas are substantially cluttered and dysfunctional as a result; Typically see obsessions over the “need” for items and a compulsion to acquire more and more; Can be quite serious to the point that the person has no insight re: the dirtiness or danger of living that way
Acute Stress Disorder and PTSD
Both require either witnessing or experiencing a significant stressor/trauma; What “counts” as a trauma = tough question; Require 4 categories of “aftermath” symptoms: Persistent intrusion (or “re-experiencing”) symptoms such as memories, nightmares, or flashbacks; Significant avoidance of trauma-related triggers; Problems with cognition and mood; Changes in reactivity/physiological arousal
Acute Stress Disorder
Involves less extensive trauma, requires less symptoms, and symptoms are less severe; Diagnosed when the symptoms persist for at least 3 days, but less than a month
PTSD
Involves worse trauma, requires more symptoms, and symptoms are more severe; Diagnosed when symptoms last at least a month
Adjustment Disorder
Occurs when someone has difficulty coping with or adjusting to a specific life stressor, the reactions to the stressor are disproportionate to the severity or intensity of the event or situation; Criteria: 1. Exposure to an identifiable stressor that results in the onset of significant emotional or behavioral symptoms (mood or behavioral changes, symptoms of anxiety or depression) that occur within 3 months of the event, 2. Emotional distress and behavioral symptoms that are out of proportion to the severity of the stressor and result in significant impairment in social, academic, or work-related functioning, or other life activities, 3. Symptoms last no longer than 6 months after the stressor or consequences of the stressor have ended.
Somatic Symptom Disorder
Medical symptom(s) with unusual frequency or intensity for at least 6 months (often years); The response to the symptoms is excessive, such that it often becomes that person’s “identity”
SUBTYPES of Somatic Symptom Disorder
“Predominantly somatic type” and “with pain features”:
“Predominantly somatic type” of Somatic Symptom Disorder
Involves a variety of complaints affecting different body systems
“With pain features” subtype of Somatic Symptom Disorder
A condition involving excessive anxiety or persistent concerns over pain that appears to have no physical basis
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Severe anxiety about the possibility of having a serious disease (despite evidence to the contrary); The worry is not so much about the symptoms themselves but the implications of the symptoms (e.g., “it’s very serious,” or “I’m going to die from this.”); Cognitive distortions are very common, and medical reassurance does not always help
Conversion Disorder
A neurological malfunction that lacks a specific medical cause; Freud said these people “convert” unconscious anxiety into a physical symptom; Today, we have evidence that symptoms can be intermittent and usually precipitated by marked stress; Important to distinguish from “malingering”
Factitious Disorder (or FD imposed onto another)
Symptoms of illness (mental or physical) are deliberately induced or simulated with the goal of eliciting attention; Can be imposed onto another (e.g., a child); Like conversion disorder, this is also not malingering (Lying/Addicted to being cared for medically); Individuals are often UNAWARE of the motivation for their behavior (in other words, they do it for attention, but don’t realize that’s what’s going on), and Often simulate the illness in a compulsive manner
Dissociative Amnesia
Involve severe alterations to or detachments from reality; Affect identity, memory, or consciousness most strongly; Sudden, partial, or total loss of personal info and memory (Not due to physical injury, but rather a psychological stressor or trauma)
Localized (SUBTYPES of Dissociative Amnesia)
May be selective to certain details
Generalized (SUBTYPES of Dissociative Amnesia)
Everything
Fugue (SUBTYPES of Dissociative Amnesia)
The amnesia is accompanied by some form of travel
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
Severe and frightening episodes of feeling “unreal” or “detached” from oneself; Also includes experiences of derealization (a change in perception); Can be fairly intense and anxiety-provoking
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Formerly known as “multiple personality disorder;” Defining feature is disruption (fragmentation) of identity (And may include experiences of possession); Number of identities varies a lot (avg is about 12); Identities may display unique behaviors, voice, posture, even physiological reactions (And may be aware of one another, but not always)
Major Depressive Disorder
At least 5 of 9 depression symptoms have occurred over the same 2-week period, causes impairment, and the individual has never had a manic or hypomanic episode; Chronicity is greater in dysthymia than MDD, Severity is greater in MDD than dysthymia; Possibly “with seasonal pattern” (Most likely winter)
