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Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the hip bone?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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2
Q

The iliac crest, the PSIS, PIIS, ASIS, AIIS are part of which part of the hip bone?

A

Ilium

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3
Q

What 2 structures on the hip bone must be align in order to have the natural orientation of the hip bone?

A

ASIS and pubic tubercule

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4
Q

What are the 3 ligaments of the sacroiliac joint?

A

Anterior sacroiliac ligaments
Posterior sacroiliac ligaments
Interosseous sacroiliac ligaments

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5
Q

What are the 2 ligaments of the lumbosacral joint?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Illiolumbar ligaments

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6
Q

What are the 3 pelvic ligaments?

A

Inguinal ‘ligaments’
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrospinous ligament

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7
Q

What is the name of the fossa in which the femur joint the hip bone?

A

Acetabulum

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8
Q

What are the sex differences for the Q-angle?

Angle of inclination?

A

Q- angle = Females > males

Angle of inclinaison = Males > females

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9
Q

How should be oriented the leg in order to create a posterior hip dislocation?
Anterior hip dislocation?

A

Posterior : Medial rotation

Anterior : Lateral rotation

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10
Q

Why are the ligaments b/w the demur and the hip bone twisted?

A

Embryology : our legs first grow laterally, then they orient medially

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11
Q 
Is it a female or a male pelvis?
Narrow
Deep
Heart-shaped
Narrow outlet
A

Male

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12
Q 
Is it a female or a male pelvis?
Wide 
Shallow
Wide oval inlet
Round outlet
A

Female

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13
Q

What’s the name of the fascia around the gluteus and the thighs?

A

Fascia latae

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14
Q

What’s the name of the fascia around the leg?

A

Crural fascia

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15
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Tensor fasciae latae m.

A

Type : Gluteal muscles

Origin : ASIS

Insertion : Iliotibial tract –> lateral tibial condyle

Innervation : Superior gluteal n.

Action :
ABD @ hip
Flexion @ hip (little bit)
Tense fascia latae

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16
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Gluteus maximus m.

A

Type : Gluteal muscle

Origin :
Posterior sacroiliac ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion :
Iliotibial tract
Glutelal tuberosity

Innervation : Inferior gluteal n.

Action :
Extension @ hip
ABD @ hip (little bit)

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17
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Gluteus medius m.

A

Type : Gluteal muscles

Origin : Ilium (b/w anterior and posterior gluteal lines)

Insertion : Greater trochanter

Innervation : Superior gluteal n.

Action : ABD @ hip

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18
Q

Which ligament is most likely to be damaged in a posterior hip dislocation?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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19
Q

Which ligament is most likely to be damaged in an anterior hip dislocation?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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20
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Gluteus minimis m.

A

Type : Gluteal muscles

Origin : Ilium (b/t anterior and inferior gluteal lines)

Insertion : Greater trochanter

Innervation : Superior gluteal n.

Action : Internal rotation @ hip
ABD @ hip

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21
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Piriformis m.

A

Type : Lateral Hip Rotator Muscles

Origin : Anterior sacrum

Insertion : Greater trochanter

Innervation : n. to piriformes

Action : Lateral rotation @ hip

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22
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Obturator internus m.

A

Type : Lateral Hip Rotator Muscles

Origin :
Ischiopubic ramus
Obturator membrane

Insertion : Greater trochanter

Innervation : n. to obturator internus

Action : Lateral rotation @ hip

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23
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Gemellus superior m.

A

Type : Lateral Hip Rotator Muscles

Origin : Ischial spine

Insertion : Obturator internus tendon

Innervation : N. to obturator internus

Action : Lateral rotation @ hip

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24
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Gemellus inferior m.

A

Type : Lateral Hip Rotator Muscles

Origin : Ischial tuberosity

Insertion : Obturator internus tendon

Innervation : N. to quadratus femoris

Action : Lateral rotation @ hip

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25
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Quadratus femoris m.

A

Type : Lateral Hip Rotator Muscles

Origin : Ischial tuberosity

Insertion : Intertrochanteric crest

Innervation : N. to quadratus femoris

Action : Lateral rotation @ hip

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26
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Obturator externus m.

A

Type : Lateral Hip Rotator Muscles

Origin :
Ischiopubic ramus
Obturator membrane

Insertion : Intertrochanteric fossa

Innervation : Obturator n.

Action : Lateral rotation @ hip

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27
Q

What are the vertebrea associated w/ Lumbosacral plexus?

A

L1-S4

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28
Q

What are the vertebrae associated w/ Lumbar plexus?

A

L1-L4

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29
Q

What does the lumbar plexus innervates?

  • Motor (3)
  • Sensory (6)
A

Motor :

  • Abdominal walls
  • Anterior thigh
  • Medial thigh

Sensory :

  • Abdominal walls
  • Anterior and lateral thigh
  • Medial thigh
  • Anterior leg
  • Medial leg
  • Medial foot
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30
Q

What are the vertebrae associated w/ sacral plexus?

A

L4-S4

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31
Q

What does the sacral plexus innervates?

  • Motor (4)
  • Sensory (4)
A

Motor :

  • Gluteal region
  • Posterior thigh
  • Leg
  • Foot

Sensory :

  • Buttocks
  • Posterior thigh
  • Posterior leg
  • Most of foot
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32
Q

What are the 6 nerves associated w/ the lumbar plexus?

A
  • Iliohypogastric n.
  • Ilioinguinal n.
  • Genitofemoral n. (femoral and genital branches)
  • Lateral femoral cutaneous n.
  • Femoral n.
  • Obturator n.
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33
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

All motor innervation to the ANTERIOR thigh

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34
Q

What does the obturator nerve innervate?

A

All motor innervation to the MEDIAL thigh

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35
Q

What are the 8 nerves associated with the sacral plexus?

A
  • Lumbosacral trunk
  • Superior gluteal n.
  • N. to quadratus femoris
  • Inferior gluteal n.
  • N. to obturator interns
  • Posterior femoral cutaneous n.
  • Pudendal n.
  • Sciatic n. (Common fibular n. + Tibial n.)
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36
Q

What is the anterior rami associated w/ iliohypogastric né and ilioinguinal n.?

A

L1

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37
Q

What are the anterior rami associated w/ obturator n. and femoral n.?

A

L2-L4

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38
Q

What are the anterior rami associated w/ genitofemoral n. (femoral branch).?

A

L1-L2

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39
Q

What are the anterior rami associated w/ lateral femoral cutaneous n.?

A

L2-L3

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40
Q

What are the anterior rami associated w/ posterior cutaneous n.?

A

S1-S3

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41
Q

What are the 3 m. in the Hamstring muscle group?

A
  • Biceps femoris m.
  • Semitendinosus m.
  • Semimembranosus m.
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42
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Biceps femoris m. (short head)

A

Type : Hamstring m. group

Origin :
Linea aspera
Lateral supracondyle line

Insertion : Head of the fibula

Innervation : Common fibular division of sciatic n.

Action :
Extension @ hip
Flexion @ knee

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43
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Biceps femoris m. (long head)

A

Type : Hamstring m. group

Origin : Ischial tuberosity

Insertion : Head of fibula

Innervation : Tibial division of sciatic n.

Action :
Extension @ hip
Flexion @ knee

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44
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Semitendinosus m.

A

Type : Hamstring m. group

Origin : Ischial tuberosity

Insertion : Surface of anterior tibia (medial to tibial tuberosity) -> Pes anserinus (Goose foot)

Innervation : Tibial division of sciatic n.

Action :
Extension @ hip
Flexion @ knee

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45
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Semimembranosus m.

A

Type : Hamstring m. group

Origin : Ischial tuberosity

Insertion : Medial condyle of tibia

Innervation : Tibial division of sciatic n.

Action :
Extension @ hip
Flexion @ knee

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46
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Rectus femoris m.

A

Type : Quadriceps femoris group

Origin : Anterior inferior iliac spine

Insertion :
Patella
Tibial tuberosity (via patellar “ligament”

Innervation : Femoral n.

Action : Extension @ knee

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47
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Vastus lateralis m.

A

Type : Quadriceps femoris group

Origin :
Greater trochanter
Lateral lip of linea aspera (post. femur)

Insertion :
Patella
Tibial tuberosity (via patellar “ligament”)

Innervation : Fermoral n.

Action : Extension @ knee

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48
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Vastus intermedius m.

A

Type : Quadriceps femoris group

Origin : Shaft of femur

Insertion :
Patella
Tibial tuberosity (via patellar “ligament”)

Innervation : Femoral n.

Action : Extension @ knee

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49
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Vastus medialis m.

A

Type : Quadriceps femoris group

Origin :
Intertrochanteric line
Medial lip of linea aspera

Insertion
Patella
Tibial tuberosity (via patellar “ligament”)

Innervation : Femoral n.

Action : Extension @ knee

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50
Q

What is a genu varum? Genu valgum?

A

Genu varum : < Q-angle/”bow-legged”

Genu valgum : > Q-angle/”knock-kneed”

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51
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Sartorius m.

A

Type : Anterior thigh m.

Origin : Anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion : Surface of anterior tibia (medial to tibial tuberosity) = Pes anserinus

Innervation : Femoral n.

Action : 
Flexion @ hip
Lateral rotation @ hip
Flexion @ knee 
= AKI
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52
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Gracialis m.

A

Type : ADD m. group

Origin : Inferior pubic ramus

Insertion : Surface of anterior tibia (medial to tibial tuberosity) = Pes anserinus

Innervation : Obturator n.

Action : ADD of leg

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53
Q

What are the 3 m. inserted to the Pes anserinus?

A

Sartorius m.
Gracialis m.
Tendon of Semitendenosus m.

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54
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Pectineous m.

A

Type : ADD m. group

Origin : Superior pubic ramus

Insertion : Pectineal line of femur

Innervation : Femoral n.

Action : ADD of leg

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55
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

ADD brevis m.

A

Type : ADD m. group

Origin :
Body of pubis
Inferior pubis ramus

Insertion :
Pectineal line of femur
Proximal linea aspera

Innervation : Obturator n.

Action : ADD of leg

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56
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

ADD longus m.

A

Type : ADD m. group

Origin :
Body of pubis

Insertion :
Middle 1/3rd of linea aspera

Innervation : Obturator n.

Action : ADD of leg

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57
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

ADD magnus m. (ADD part)

A

Type : ADD m. group

Origin :
Ischiopubis ramus

Insertion :
Gluteal line
Linea aspera
Medial supracondylar line

Innervation : Obturator n.

Action : ADD of leg

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58
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

ADD magnus m. (Hamstring part)

A

Type : ADD m. group

Origin :
Ischial tuberosity

Insertion :
ADD tubercule

Innervation : Tibial division of sciatic n.

Action : ADD of leg

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59
Q

What structures passes through the ADD hiatus?

A

Popliteal a. and v.

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60
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament m.
ADD longus m.
Sartorius m.

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61
Q

What structures compose the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

Iliopsoas m.

Pectineus m.

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62
Q

What passes through the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral VAN

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63
Q

What structures are within the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral a. and v.

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64
Q

What structure is outside the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral n.

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65
Q

Which artery transforms as the popliteal a. in the knee?

A

Femoral a.

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66
Q

The deep femoral a. creates which structures?

A

Perforating a. (pierces through ADD magnus m.)

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67
Q

Describe the path of the femoral veine.

A

IVC -> Common femoral v. -> Femoral v. -> Popliteal v. -> Small saphenous v.

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68
Q

The dorsal venous arch is the meeting of which veines?

A

Great saphenous v. (medial) and Small saphenous v. (lateral)

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69
Q

What kind of joint is the knee joint?

A

‘Modified’ synovial hinge joint

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70
Q

What mvt can do the knee? (4)

A
  • Extension
  • Flexion
  • Lateral rotation
  • Medial rotation
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71
Q

Where does the patella sit?

A

Trochlea patellar groove of femur

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72
Q

What is the name of the ligament that links the femur and the fibula?

A

Lateral collateral ligament

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73
Q

What is the name of the structure on the patella?

A

Quadriceps tendon (patellar ligament)

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74
Q

What is the name of the ligament that links the femur and the tibia?

A

Medial collateral ligament

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75
Q

Which mvt creates tension on lateral collateral ligament?

A

Medial smash

Medial rotation

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76
Q

Which mvt creates tension on medical collateral ligament?

A

Lateral smash

Lateral rotation

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77
Q

Origin
What mvt it resists?

Posterior cruciate ligament

A

Origin : Posterior intercondylar area

Resists : femur going inwards and tibia going backwards

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78
Q

Origin
What mvt it resists?

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

Origin : Anterior intercondylar area

Resists : femur going backwards and tibia going inwards

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79
Q

Which ligament goes from medial to lateral meniscus?

A

Transverse ligament

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80
Q

Which ligament originates on the lateral meniscus and inserts on the medial condyle of the femur?

A

Posterior meniscofemoral ligament

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81
Q

What is the unhappy triad?

A

When ACL, medial meniscus and medial collateral ligament are injured from a lateral smash combined w/ a lateral rotation of the knee.

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82
Q

Which ligament binds the tibia to the femur laterally?

A

Anterolateral ligament (ALL)

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83
Q

What are the landmarks for the superior border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Semimembranosous m. (medial)

Biceps femoris m. (lateral)

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84
Q

What are the landmarks for the inferior border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Gastrocnemius m.

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85
Q

What are the landmarks for the anterior border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal surface of the femur

Popliteus m.

86
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Popliteus m.

A

Type : m. of the knee

Origin : Lateral epicondyle of femur

Insertion : Posterior aspect of tibia (above soleal line)

Innervation : Tibial n.

Action :
Unlocking of knee
Flexion @ knee

87
Q

When the tibia is fixed (while weight bearing)

  • Unlocking = ?
  • Locking = ?
A
  • Unlocking = flexion = lateral rotation of femur

- Locking = extension = medial rotation of femur

88
Q

When femur is fixed (elevated leg)

  • Unlocking = ?
  • Locking = ?
A
  • Unlocking = flexion = medial rotation of tibia

- Locking = extension = lateral rotation of tibia

89
Q

Sciatic n. splits into

  • Tibial n.
  • Common fibular n. -> which splits into…?
A
  • Superficial fibular n. (lateral compartment)

- Deep fibular n. (anterior compartment)

90
Q

Which VAN passes through the popliteal fossa?

A 
V = Popliteal v.
A = Popliteal a.
N = Tibial n.
91
Q

What are the n. into which the common fibular n. splits?

A

Superficial fibular n.

Deep fibular n.

92
Q

Which compartment does the ____ innervate?

  • Tibial n.
  • Superficial fibular n.
  • Deep fibular n.
A
  • Posterior compartment
  • Lateral compartment
  • Anterior compartment
93
Q

What are the names of the arteries that maintain blood flow if the popliteal a. is blocked?

A
  • Medial and lateral superior genicular a.

- Medial and lateral inferior genicular a.

94
Q

What kind of repetitive stress injury?

Causes :
Repetitve motion/muscle imbalance
Muscle inflammation

Symptoms :
Medial tibial pain (all the way down bone)

A

‘Shin-splints’

95
Q

What kind of repetitive stress injury?

Causes :
Repetitive impact (compression)
Muscle weakness/fatigue

Symptoms :
Localized pain
Weight-bearing pain (hurts just to stand)

A

Stress fractures

96
Q

What kind of repetitive stress injury?

Causes
Repetitive motion/muscle imbalance
Muscle inflammation

Symptoms :
Anterolateral tibial pain

A

Compartment syndrome

97
Q

What kind of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Ligaments?

A

Synovial
Plane/gliding

2 ligaments of the head of fibula

98
Q

What kind of joint is the middle tibiofibular joint?

Ligaments?

A

Syndesmosis

Interosseous membrane

99
Q

What kind of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?

Ligaments?

A

Syndesmosis

Tibiofibular ligaments

100
Q

What is the ankle joint?

A

Articulation b/t talus and distal ends of tibia and fibula

101
Q

What are the names of the 7 tarsals?

A 
Talus
Calcaneus
Cuboid
Navicular
Middle Cuneiform
Medial cuneiform
Lateral cuneiform
102
Q

What mvt does the deltoid ligament resist?

A

Eversion

103
Q

What mvt does the lateral collateral ligaments resist?

A

Inversion

104
Q 
What kind of joint are the
transverse tarsal joint
subtalar joint
cuneonavicular joint
tarsometatarsal joints?
A

Synovial

Plane/gliding

105
Q

What kind of joint is the metatarsophalangeal joint?

A

Synovial

Condyloid

106
Q

What kind of joint is the interphalangeal joint?

A

Synovial

Hinge

107
Q

What kind of joint is the talocalcaneonavicular joint?

A

Synovial

Ball in socket

108
Q

What is the natural ‘G-suit’?

A

Crural fascia that stops blood from pooling in legs

109
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Extensor digitorum longus m.

A

Type : anterior compartment of the leg

Origin : Lateral tibial condyle

Insertion : Bases of the 2nd-5th distal phalanges

Innervation : Deep fibular n.

Action : Extension of toes

110
Q

What is the innervation for the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular n.

111
Q

What is the innervation for the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular n.

112
Q

What is the innervation for the posteriot compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial n.

113
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Tibialis anterior m.

A

Type : anterior compartment of the leg

Origin : Lateral surface of tibia (proximal)

Insertion :
Medial cuneiform
Base of 1st metatarsal

Innervation : Deep fibular n.

Action :
Dorsiflexion
Inversion

114
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Extensor hallucis longus m.

A

Type : Anterior compartment

Origin : Anterior surface of fibula (proximal)

Insertion : Base of 1st distal phalanx

Innervation : Deep fibular n.

Action
Extension of big toe
Dorsiflexion

115
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Fibularis tertius m.

A

Type : Anterior compartment

Origin : Anterior surface of fibula (distal)

Insertion : Base of 5th metatarsal

Innervation : Deep fibular n.

Action :
Dorsiflexion
Eversion (little bit)

116
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Fibularis longus m.

A

Type : Lateral compartment

Origin : Lateral surface of fibula (proximal)

Insertion :
Base of 1st metatarsal
Medial cuneiform

Innervation : Superficial fibular n.

Action :
Eversion

117
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Fibularis brevis m.

A

Type : Lateral compartment

Origin : Lateral surface of fibula (distal)

Insertion : Base of 5th metatarsal

Innervation : Superficial fibular n.

Action :
Eversion

118
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Gastrocnemius m.

A

Type : Superficial posterior compartment

Origin : Medial and lateral supracondylar ridges (femur)

Insertion : Calcaneal tuberosity (via calcanea tendon)

Innervation : Tibial n.

Action :
Plantar flexion
Flexion @ knee

119
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Soleus m.

A

Type : Superficial posterior compartment

Origin :
Head and neck of fibula
Soleil line (tibia)

Insertion : Calcaneal tuberosity (via calcanea tendon)

Innervation : Tibial n.

Action :
Plantar flexion

120
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Plantaris m.

A

Type : Superficial posterior compartment

Origin : Lateral supracondyle ridge

Insertion : Calcaneal tuberosity

Innervation : Tibial n.

Action : 
Plantar flexion
Flexion @ knee
Stops hyperflexion
Proprioception
121
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Flexor digitorum longus m.

A

Type : Deep posterior compartment

Origin : Posterior surface of tibia (proximal)

Insertion : Bases of 2nd-5th distal phalanges

Innervation : Tibial n.

Action :
Flexion @ toes
Plantar flexion

122
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Tibialis posterior m.

A

Type : Deep posterior compartment

Origin :
Interosseous membrane
Edges of tibia and fibula (proximal)

Insertion :
Navicular
Cuneiforms
Bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals

Innervation :
Tibial n.

Action :
Plantar flexion
Inversion

123
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Flexor hallucis longus m.

A

Type : Deep posterior compartment

Origin : Posterior surface of fibula (middle)

Insertion : Base of 1st distal phalanx

Innervation : Tibial n.

Action :
Flexion @ big toe
Plantar flexion

124
Q

Name the 7 structures that procure a longitudinal arch support.

A 
Tibialis posterior m.
Flexor digitorum longus m.
Flexion hallucina longus m.
Tibialis anterior m.
Plantar aponeurosis
Short and long plantar ligaments
Spring ligament (calcaneus -> navicular)
125
Q

Name the 2 structures that procure a transverse arch support.

A

Fibularis longus m.

Tibialis posterior m.

126
Q 
What is pes planus?
What ligament(s) is/are affected by this condition?
A

Eversion of ankle

Deltoid ligament

127
Q 
What is pes cavus?
What ligament(s) is/are affected by this condition?
A

Inversion of ankle

Calcaneofibular ligament

128
Q

What artery gives blood to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial a.

129
Q

What arteries give blood to the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Fibular a.

Posterior tibial a.

130
Q

Who is the travel buddy of deep fibular n.?

A

Anterior tibial a.

131
Q

Who is the travel buddy of posterior tibial a.?

A

Tibial n.

132
Q

What is in the tarsal tunnel? (6)

A 
From anterior to posterior : (Tom Dick and very nervous Harry)
Tibialis posterior m.
Flexor digitorum longus m.
Posterior tibial a.
Posterior tibial v.
Tibial n.
Flexor hallucinations longus m.
133
Q

The extrinsinc muscles of the foot are responsible for which actions @ the ankle? (4)

A

dorsiflexion
plantar flexion
inversion
eversion

134
Q

The intrinsic muscle extrinsinc muscles of the foot are responsible for which actions @ the toes? (4)

A

Extension
Flexion
ABD
ADD

135
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Extensor digitorum brevis m.

A

Type : Dorsal m. of the foot

Origin : Calcaneus (dorsal surface)

Insertion : Bases of 2nd-4th middle phalanges

Innervation : Deep fibular n.

Action : Extension of toes 2-5

136
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Extensor hallucis brevis m.

A

Type : Dorsal m. of the foot

Origin : Calcaneus (dorsal surface)

Insertion : Base of 1st proximal phalanx

Innervation : Deep fibular n.

Action : Extension of big toe

137
Q

Dermatomes

  • Sural cuteneous n.
  • Superficial fibular n.
  • Saphenous n.
  • Deep fibular n.
A
  • S1 : baby toe
  • L4-S1 : lat leg, toes 1-4
  • L3-L5 : medial leg and thigh
  • L4-L5b/t toe 1-2
138
Q

What’s a plantar fasciitis?

A

Inflammed/torn plantar aponeurosis

139
Q

What are the 2 parts of plantar aponeurosis?

A
  • Superficial tranverse metatarsal ligaments

- Transverse fascicles

140
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

ABD hallucis m.

A

Type : Plantar m : 1st layer

Origin : Calcaneal tuberosity

Insertion : Base of 1st proximal phlanx

Innervation : Medial plantar n.

Action : ABD of big toe

141
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Flexor digitorum brevis m.

A

Type : Plantar m : 1st layer

Origin : Calcaneal tuberosity

Insertion : Bases of 2nd-5th middle phalanges (‘Y’-shape)

Innervation : Medial plantar n.

Action : Flexion of toes 2-5

142
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

ABD digiti minimi m.

A

Type : Plantar m : 1st layer

Origin : Calcaneal tuberosity

Insertion

  • Base of 5th metatarsal
  • Base of 5th proximal phalanx

Innervation : Lateral plantar m.

Action : ABD of baby toe

143
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Quadratus plantae m.

A

Type : Plantar m : 2nd layer

Origin : Calcaneal tuberosity

Insertion : Tendon of flexor digitorum longs m.

Innervation : Lateral plantar m.

Action : Toe flexion

144
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Lumbrical m. (4)

A

Type : Plantar m : 2nd layer

Origin : Tendon of flexor digitorum longs m.

Insertion : Extensor expansions of 2nd-5th digits

Innervation 
Lateral plantar (3rd -5th digits)
Medial plantar (2nd digit)

Action :
Flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joint
ADD @ toes

145
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Flexor hallucis brevis m.

A

Type : Plantar m : 3rd layer

  • 2 heads : medial and lateral
  • wraps sesamoids bones

Origin :

  • Cuboid
  • Lateral cuneiform

Insertion : Base of 1st proximal phalanx

Innervation

  • Medial head : Medial plantar n.
  • Lateral head : Lateral plantar n.

Action : Flexion @ MCP of big toe

146
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Flexor digiti minimi m.

A

Type : Plantar m : 3rd layer

Origin : Base of 5th metatarsal

Insertion : Base of 5th proximal phalanx

Innervation : Superficial branch of lateral plantar n.

Action : Flexion @ MCP of baby toe

147
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

ADD hallucis m. (traverse head)
*‘7’-shape

A

Type : Plantar m : 3rd layer

Origin : 3rd-5th metatarsals

Insertion : Base of 1st proximal phalanx

Innervation : Deep branch of lateral plantar n.

Action : ADD @ MCP

148
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

ADD hallucis m. (oblique head)
*‘7’-shape

A

Type : Plantar m : 3rd layer

Origin : Base of 2nd-4th metatarsals

Insertion : Base of 1st proximal phalanx

Innervation : Deep branch of lateral plantar n.

Action : ADD @ MCP

149
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Plantar interosseous m.

A

Type : Plantar m : 4th layer

Origin : Medial sides of 3rd -5th metatarsals (3)

Insertion : Base of 3rd-5th proximal phalanges

Innervation : Deep branch of lateral plantar n.

Action : ABD @ MCP

150
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Dorsal interosseous m.

A

Type : Plantar m : 4th layer

Origin : Shafts of 1st-4th metatarsals (4)

Insertion : Base of 2nd-4th proximal phalanges

Innervation : Deep branch of lateral plantar n.

Action : ADD @ MCP

151
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Opponens digiti minimi m.

A

Type : Plantar m : 4th layer

Origin : Long plantar ligament

Insertion : Shaft of 5th metatarsal

Innervation : Superficial branch of lateral plantar n.

Action : Opposition of baby toe

152
Q

In the hand, which finger is the landmark for the midline?

A

Middle finger (3rd digit)

153
Q

In the hand, ADD and ABD happen at which joint?

A

MCP

154
Q

Thenar eminence is more lateral or medial?

A

Medial

155
Q

Hypothenar eminence is more lateral of medial?

A

Lateral

156
Q

Always ___ for 3rd digit?

A

ABD (can’t do ADD)

157
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Palmaris brevis m.

A

Type : Superficial layer of palmar aspect of the hand

Origin : Medial aspect of palmar aponeurosis

Insertion : Skin over hypothenar eminence

Innervation : Superficial branch of ulnar n.

Action : Tenses skin to the midline
‘Jar opening m.’

158
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

ABD pollicis brevis m.

A

Type : Thenar Eminence of palmar aspect of the hand

Origin :

  • Flexoir retinaculum
  • Scaphoid, trapezium

Insertion : Base of 1st proximal phalanx

Innervation : Recurrent branch of median n.

Action : ABD of thumb

159
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Flexor pollicis brevis m.

A

Type : Thenar Eminence of palmar aspect of the hand

Origin :

  • Flexoir retinaculum
  • Scaphoid, trapezium

Insertion : Base of 1st proximal phalanx

Innervation :

  • Recurrent branch of median n.
  • Deep branch of ulnar n.

Action : Thumb flexion

160
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Opponens pollicis m.

A

Type : Thenar Eminence of palmar aspect of the hand

Origin :

  • Flexoir retinaculum
  • Scaphoid, trapezium

Insertion : Lateral aspect of 1st metacarpal

Innervation : Recurrent branch of median n.

Action : Opposition of thumb

161
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

ABD digiti minimi m.

A

Type : Hypothenar eminence of palmar aspect of hand

Origin : Pisiform

Insertion : Base of 5th proximal phalanx

Innervation : Deep branch of ulnar n.

Action : ABD of pinkie

162
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Flexor digiti minimi brevis m.

A

Type : Hypothenar eminence of palmar aspect of hand

Origin :

  • Flexor retinaculum
  • Hook of hamate

Insertion : Base of 5th proximal phalanx

Innervation : Deep branch of ulnar n.

Action : Flexion of pinkie

163
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Opponens digiti minimi m.

A

Type : Hypothenar eminence of palmar aspect of hand

Origin :

  • Flexor retinaculum
  • Hook of hamate

Insertion : Medial aspect of 5th metacarpal

Innervation : Deep branch of ulnar n.

Action : Opposition of pinkie

164
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Lumbrical m.

A

Type : Central (intermediate) compartment of palmar aspect of the hand

Origin : Tendons of flexor digitorum profondes m.

Insertion : Lateral aspects of extensor expansions

Innervation :
Digits 2-3 : Median n.
Digits 4-5 : Deep branch of ulnar n.

Action :
Flexion @ MCP
Extension @ DIP and PIP

165
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

ADD pollicis m.

A

Type : Deep thenar muscle of palmar aspect of the hand

Origin :

  • Shaft of 3rd metacarpal (transverse head)
  • Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, carpals (oblique head)

Insertion : Base of 1st proximal phalanx

Innervation : Deep branch of ulnar n.

Action : ADD of thumb

166
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Palmar interosseous m.

A

Type : Intrinsic (Deep) Compartment of Palmar Aspect of the hand

Origin : Palmar aspect of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals

Insertion :

  • Bases of 2nd, 4th and 5th proximal phalanges
  • 2nd, 4th and 5th extensor expansions

Innervation : Deep branch of ulnar

Action : PAD = ADD of digits 2,4 and 5

167
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Dorsal interosseous m.

A

Type : Intrinsic (Deep) Compartment of Palmar Aspect of the hand

Origin : Shafts of adjacent metacarpals

Insertion :

  • Bases of 2nd-4th proximal phalanges
  • 2nd-4th extensor expansions

Innervation : Deep branch of ulnar n.

Action : DAB : ABD of digits 2-4

168
Q

What are the 2 nerves that innervates the dorsal side of the hand?

A

Radial and ulnar n.

169
Q

What are the 2 nerves that innervates the palmar side of the hand?

A

Ulnar and median n.

170
Q

Where does the ulnar n. passes @ the wrist?

A

Ulnar tunnel

171
Q

What are the branches of median n. in the hand?

What do they do?

A
  • Palmar branch = sensory

- Recurrent branch = motor (thumb)

172
Q

What are the branches of ulnar n. in the hand?

What do they do?

A
  • Superficial branch = motor (palmaris brevis)
  • Deep branch = motor (deep m. of hand)
  • Dorsal branch - sensory
  • Digital branch = sensory
173
Q

What are the branches of radial n. in the hand?

What do they do?

A
  • Superficial branch = motor

- Digital branch = sensory

174
Q

What parts of the hand are innervated by the median n. (cutaneous)?

A
  • Palmar (ant) = digits 1-3, half of digit 4, thumb side of wrist
  • Dorsal (post) = tips of digits 1-3, half of tip of digit 4
175
Q

What parts of the hand are innervated by the ulnar n. (cutaneous)?

A
  • Palmar (ant) = half of digit 4, digit 5, pinkie side of wrist
  • Dorsal (post) = half of digit 4, digit 5, pinkie side of wrist
176
Q

What parts of the hand are innervated by the radial n. (cutaneous)?

A
  • Palmar (ant) = inferior thenar eminence

- Dorsal (post) = digits 1-half of digit 4, thumb side of wrist

177
Q

What is a positive Allen’s test?

A

Incomplete palmar arches or vascular occlusions

178
Q

Which artery gives blood to the dorsal side (post) of the hand?

A

Radial a.

179
Q

Which arteries give blood to the palmar side (ant) of the hand?

A

Ulnar and radial a.

180
Q

Which artery gives blood to the thumb and the 2nd digit?

A

Radial a.

181
Q

Which artery gives blood to the 2-5 digits

A

Ulnar a.

182
Q

Which specific artery gives blood to the thumb?

A

Principis pollicis a.

183
Q

Which specific artery gives blood to the 2nd finger?

A

Radial indicis a.

184
Q

To which structure does the deep branch of ulnar attaches to?

A

Deep palmar arch

185
Q

To which structure does the superficial parma arch attaches to?

A

Superficial palmar branch of radial a.

186
Q

The dorsal metacarpal a comes from which structure?

A

Dorsal carpal arch

187
Q

The common palmar digital a. comes from which structure?

A

Superficial palmar arch

188
Q

The posterior tibial a. splits into 2 structures. What are they?

A

Medial plantar a.

Lateral plantar a.

189
Q

The deep branch of medial plantar a. makes an anestemosis w/ which structure?

A

Plantar arch of lateral plantar a.

190
Q

The lateral plantar a. gives which structure?

A

Plantar arch

191
Q

The medial plantar a. gives which structures?

A

Deep branch

Superficial branch

192
Q

The superficial branch gives which structures?

A

Plantar metatarsal a.

Plantar digital a.

193
Q

The tibial n. splits and gives which structures?

A

Medial plantar n.

Lateral plantar n.

194
Q

The lateral plantar n. splits and gives which structures?

A

Deep branch

Superficial branch

195
Q

The plantar digital nerves and the common plantar digital n. come from which nerve?

A

Medial plantar n.

196
Q

Anterior rami responsible for biceps jerk reflex?

A

C5-C6

197
Q

Anterior rami responsible for triceps jerk reflex?

A

C7-C8

198
Q

Anterior rami responsible for knee jerk reflex?

A

L3-L4

199
Q

Anterior rami responsible for ankle jerk reflex?

A

S1-S2

200
Q

Medial back of the foot and toes 1-3.5 innervated by?

A

Medial plantar n.

201
Q

Lateral back of the foot and toes 4,5-5 innervated by?

A

Lateral plantar n.

202
Q

Myotomes responsible for hip flexion?

A

L2-L3

203
Q

Myotomes responsible for knee extension?

A

L3-L4

204
Q

Myotomes responsible for dorsiflexion?

A

L4-L5

205
Q

Myotomes responsible for knee flexion?

A

L5-S1

206
Q

Myotomes responsible for plantar flexion?

A

S1-S2

207
Q

Myotomes responsible for hip ADD?

A

L2-L4

208
Q

Myotomes responsible for hip ABD?

A

L5-S1

209
Q

Myotomes responsible for ankle inversion?

A

L4

210
Q

Myotomes responsible for ankle eversion?

A

L5-S1

211
Q

Myotomes responsible for hip extension?

A

L4-L5

Musculoskeletal Anatomy (2 decks)

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