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Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the hip bone?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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2
Q

The iliac crest, the PSIS, PIIS, ASIS, AIIS are part of which part of the hip bone?

A

Ilium

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3
Q

What 2 structures on the hip bone must be align in order to have the natural orientation of the hip bone?

A

ASIS and pubic tubercule

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4
Q

What are the 3 ligaments of the sacroiliac joint?

A

Anterior sacroiliac ligaments
Posterior sacroiliac ligaments
Interosseous sacroiliac ligaments

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5
Q

What are the 2 ligaments of the lumbosacral joint?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Illiolumbar ligaments

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6
Q

What are the 3 pelvic ligaments?

A

Inguinal ‘ligaments’
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrospinous ligament

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7
Q

What is the name of the fossa in which the femur joint the hip bone?

A

Acetabulum

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8
Q

What are the sex differences for the Q-angle?

Angle of inclination?

A

Q- angle = Females > males

Angle of inclinaison = Males > females

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9
Q

How should be oriented the leg in order to create a posterior hip dislocation?
Anterior hip dislocation?

A

Posterior : Medial rotation

Anterior : Lateral rotation

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10
Q

Why are the ligaments b/w the demur and the hip bone twisted?

A

Embryology : our legs first grow laterally, then they orient medially

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11
Q 
Is it a female or a male pelvis?
Narrow
Deep
Heart-shaped
Narrow outlet
A

Male

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12
Q 
Is it a female or a male pelvis?
Wide 
Shallow
Wide oval inlet
Round outlet
A

Female

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13
Q

What’s the name of the fascia around the gluteus and the thighs?

A

Fascia latae

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14
Q

What’s the name of the fascia around the leg?

A

Crural fascia

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15
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Tensor fasciae latae m.

A

Type : Gluteal muscles

Origin : ASIS

Insertion : Iliotibial tract –> lateral tibial condyle

Innervation : Superior gluteal n.

Action :
ABD @ hip
Flexion @ hip (little bit)
Tense fascia latae

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16
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Gluteus maximus m.

A

Type : Gluteal muscle

Origin :
Posterior sacroiliac ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion :
Iliotibial tract
Glutelal tuberosity

Innervation : Inferior gluteal n.

Action :
Extension @ hip
ABD @ hip (little bit)

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17
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Gluteus medius m.

A

Type : Gluteal muscles

Origin : Ilium (b/w anterior and posterior gluteal lines)

Insertion : Greater trochanter

Innervation : Superior gluteal n.

Action : ABD @ hip

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18
Q

Which ligament is most likely to be damaged in a posterior hip dislocation?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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19
Q

Which ligament is most likely to be damaged in an anterior hip dislocation?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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20
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Gluteus minimis m.

A

Type : Gluteal muscles

Origin : Ilium (b/t anterior and inferior gluteal lines)

Insertion : Greater trochanter

Innervation : Superior gluteal n.

Action : Internal rotation @ hip
ABD @ hip

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21
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Piriformis m.

A

Type : Lateral Hip Rotator Muscles

Origin : Anterior sacrum

Insertion : Greater trochanter

Innervation : n. to piriformes

Action : Lateral rotation @ hip

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22
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Obturator internus m.

A

Type : Lateral Hip Rotator Muscles

Origin :
Ischiopubic ramus
Obturator membrane

Insertion : Greater trochanter

Innervation : n. to obturator internus

Action : Lateral rotation @ hip

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23
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Gemellus superior m.

A

Type : Lateral Hip Rotator Muscles

Origin : Ischial spine

Insertion : Obturator internus tendon

Innervation : N. to obturator internus

Action : Lateral rotation @ hip

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24
Q 
Type
Origin
Insertion
Innervation 
Action

Gemellus inferior m.

A

Type : Lateral Hip Rotator Muscles

Origin : Ischial tuberosity

Insertion : Obturator internus tendon

Innervation : N. to quadratus femoris

Action : Lateral rotation @ hip

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25
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Quadratus femoris m.
Type : Lateral Hip Rotator Muscles Origin : Ischial tuberosity Insertion : Intertrochanteric crest Innervation : N. to quadratus femoris Action : Lateral rotation @ hip
26
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Obturator externus m.
Type : Lateral Hip Rotator Muscles Origin : Ischiopubic ramus Obturator membrane Insertion : Intertrochanteric fossa Innervation : Obturator n. Action : Lateral rotation @ hip
27
What are the vertebrea associated w/ Lumbosacral plexus?
L1-S4
28
What are the vertebrae associated w/ Lumbar plexus?
L1-L4
29
What does the lumbar plexus innervates? - Motor (3) - Sensory (6)
Motor : - Abdominal walls - Anterior thigh - Medial thigh Sensory : - Abdominal walls - Anterior and lateral thigh - Medial thigh - Anterior leg - Medial leg - Medial foot
30
What are the vertebrae associated w/ sacral plexus?
L4-S4
31
What does the sacral plexus innervates? - Motor (4) - Sensory (4)
Motor : - Gluteal region - Posterior thigh - Leg - Foot Sensory : - Buttocks - Posterior thigh - Posterior leg - Most of foot
32
What are the 6 nerves associated w/ the lumbar plexus?
- Iliohypogastric n. - Ilioinguinal n. - Genitofemoral n. (femoral and genital branches) - Lateral femoral cutaneous n. - Femoral n. - Obturator n.
33
What does the femoral nerve innervate?
All motor innervation to the ANTERIOR thigh
34
What does the obturator nerve innervate?
All motor innervation to the MEDIAL thigh
35
What are the 8 nerves associated with the sacral plexus?
- Lumbosacral trunk - Superior gluteal n. - N. to quadratus femoris - Inferior gluteal n. - N. to obturator interns - Posterior femoral cutaneous n. - Pudendal n. - Sciatic n. (Common fibular n. + Tibial n.)
36
What is the anterior rami associated w/ iliohypogastric né and ilioinguinal n.?
L1
37
What are the anterior rami associated w/ obturator n. and femoral n.?
L2-L4
38
What are the anterior rami associated w/ genitofemoral n. (femoral branch).?
L1-L2
39
What are the anterior rami associated w/ lateral femoral cutaneous n.?
L2-L3
40
What are the anterior rami associated w/ posterior cutaneous n.?
S1-S3
41
What are the 3 m. in the Hamstring muscle group?
- Biceps femoris m. - Semitendinosus m. - Semimembranosus m.
42
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Biceps femoris m. (short head)
Type : Hamstring m. group Origin : Linea aspera Lateral supracondyle line Insertion : Head of the fibula Innervation : Common fibular division of sciatic n. Action : Extension @ hip Flexion @ knee
43
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Biceps femoris m. (long head)
Type : Hamstring m. group Origin : Ischial tuberosity Insertion : Head of fibula Innervation : Tibial division of sciatic n. Action : Extension @ hip Flexion @ knee
44
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Semitendinosus m.
Type : Hamstring m. group Origin : Ischial tuberosity Insertion : Surface of anterior tibia (medial to tibial tuberosity) -> Pes anserinus (Goose foot) Innervation : Tibial division of sciatic n. Action : Extension @ hip Flexion @ knee
45
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Semimembranosus m.
Type : Hamstring m. group Origin : Ischial tuberosity Insertion : Medial condyle of tibia Innervation : Tibial division of sciatic n. Action : Extension @ hip Flexion @ knee
46
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Rectus femoris m.
Type : Quadriceps femoris group Origin : Anterior inferior iliac spine Insertion : Patella Tibial tuberosity (via patellar "ligament" Innervation : Femoral n. Action : Extension @ knee
47
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Vastus lateralis m.
Type : Quadriceps femoris group Origin : Greater trochanter Lateral lip of linea aspera (post. femur) Insertion : Patella Tibial tuberosity (via patellar "ligament") Innervation : Fermoral n. Action : Extension @ knee
48
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Vastus intermedius m.
Type : Quadriceps femoris group Origin : Shaft of femur Insertion : Patella Tibial tuberosity (via patellar "ligament") Innervation : Femoral n. Action : Extension @ knee
49
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Vastus medialis m.
Type : Quadriceps femoris group Origin : Intertrochanteric line Medial lip of linea aspera Insertion Patella Tibial tuberosity (via patellar "ligament") Innervation : Femoral n. Action : Extension @ knee
50
What is a genu varum? Genu valgum?
Genu varum : < Q-angle/"bow-legged" Genu valgum : > Q-angle/"knock-kneed"
51
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Sartorius m.
Type : Anterior thigh m. Origin : Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion : Surface of anterior tibia (medial to tibial tuberosity) = Pes anserinus Innervation : Femoral n. ``` Action : Flexion @ hip Lateral rotation @ hip Flexion @ knee = AKI ```
52
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Gracialis m.
Type : ADD m. group Origin : Inferior pubic ramus Insertion : Surface of anterior tibia (medial to tibial tuberosity) = Pes anserinus Innervation : Obturator n. Action : ADD of leg
53
What are the 3 m. inserted to the Pes anserinus?
Sartorius m. Gracialis m. Tendon of Semitendenosus m.
54
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Pectineous m.
Type : ADD m. group Origin : Superior pubic ramus Insertion : Pectineal line of femur Innervation : Femoral n. Action : ADD of leg
55
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` ADD brevis m.
Type : ADD m. group Origin : Body of pubis Inferior pubis ramus Insertion : Pectineal line of femur Proximal linea aspera Innervation : Obturator n. Action : ADD of leg
56
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` ADD longus m.
Type : ADD m. group Origin : Body of pubis Insertion : Middle 1/3rd of linea aspera Innervation : Obturator n. Action : ADD of leg
57
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` ADD magnus m. (ADD part)
Type : ADD m. group Origin : Ischiopubis ramus Insertion : Gluteal line Linea aspera Medial supracondylar line Innervation : Obturator n. Action : ADD of leg
58
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` ADD magnus m. (Hamstring part)
Type : ADD m. group Origin : Ischial tuberosity Insertion : ADD tubercule Innervation : Tibial division of sciatic n. Action : ADD of leg
59
What structures passes through the ADD hiatus?
Popliteal a. and v.
60
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament m. ADD longus m. Sartorius m.
61
What structures compose the floor of the femoral triangle?
Iliopsoas m. | Pectineus m.
62
What passes through the femoral triangle?
Femoral VAN
63
What structures are within the femoral sheath?
Femoral a. and v.
64
What structure is outside the femoral sheath?
Femoral n.
65
Which artery transforms as the popliteal a. in the knee?
Femoral a.
66
The deep femoral a. creates which structures?
Perforating a. (pierces through ADD magnus m.)
67
Describe the path of the femoral veine.
IVC -> Common femoral v. -> Femoral v. -> Popliteal v. -> Small saphenous v.
68
The dorsal venous arch is the meeting of which veines?
Great saphenous v. (medial) and Small saphenous v. (lateral)
69
What kind of joint is the knee joint?
'Modified' synovial hinge joint
70
What mvt can do the knee? (4)
- Extension - Flexion - Lateral rotation - Medial rotation
71
Where does the patella sit?
Trochlea patellar groove of femur
72
What is the name of the ligament that links the femur and the fibula?
Lateral collateral ligament
73
What is the name of the structure on the patella?
Quadriceps tendon (patellar ligament)
74
What is the name of the ligament that links the femur and the tibia?
Medial collateral ligament
75
Which mvt creates tension on lateral collateral ligament?
Medial smash | Medial rotation
76
Which mvt creates tension on medical collateral ligament?
Lateral smash | Lateral rotation
77
Origin What mvt it resists? Posterior cruciate ligament
Origin : Posterior intercondylar area Resists : femur going inwards and tibia going backwards
78
Origin What mvt it resists? Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Origin : Anterior intercondylar area Resists : femur going backwards and tibia going inwards
79
Which ligament goes from medial to lateral meniscus?
Transverse ligament
80
Which ligament originates on the lateral meniscus and inserts on the medial condyle of the femur?
Posterior meniscofemoral ligament
81
What is the unhappy triad?
When ACL, medial meniscus and medial collateral ligament are injured from a lateral smash combined w/ a lateral rotation of the knee.
82
Which ligament binds the tibia to the femur laterally?
Anterolateral ligament (ALL)
83
What are the landmarks for the superior border of the popliteal fossa?
Semimembranosous m. (medial) | Biceps femoris m. (lateral)
84
What are the landmarks for the inferior border of the popliteal fossa?
Gastrocnemius m.
85
What are the landmarks for the anterior border of the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal surface of the femur | Popliteus m.
86
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Popliteus m.
Type : m. of the knee Origin : Lateral epicondyle of femur Insertion : Posterior aspect of tibia (above soleal line) Innervation : Tibial n. Action : Unlocking of knee Flexion @ knee
87
When the tibia is fixed (while weight bearing) - Unlocking = ? - Locking = ?
- Unlocking = flexion = lateral rotation of femur | - Locking = extension = medial rotation of femur
88
When femur is fixed (elevated leg) - Unlocking = ? - Locking = ?
- Unlocking = flexion = medial rotation of tibia | - Locking = extension = lateral rotation of tibia
89
Sciatic n. splits into - Tibial n. - Common fibular n. -> which splits into...?
- Superficial fibular n. (lateral compartment) | - Deep fibular n. (anterior compartment)
90
Which VAN passes through the popliteal fossa?
``` V = Popliteal v. A = Popliteal a. N = Tibial n. ```
91
What are the n. into which the common fibular n. splits?
Superficial fibular n. | Deep fibular n.
92
Which compartment does the ____ innervate? - Tibial n. - Superficial fibular n. - Deep fibular n.
- Posterior compartment - Lateral compartment - Anterior compartment
93
What are the names of the arteries that maintain blood flow if the popliteal a. is blocked?
- Medial and lateral superior genicular a. | - Medial and lateral inferior genicular a.
94
What kind of repetitive stress injury? Causes : Repetitve motion/muscle imbalance Muscle inflammation Symptoms : Medial tibial pain (all the way down bone)
'Shin-splints'
95
What kind of repetitive stress injury? Causes : Repetitive impact (compression) Muscle weakness/fatigue Symptoms : Localized pain Weight-bearing pain (hurts just to stand)
Stress fractures
96
What kind of repetitive stress injury? Causes Repetitive motion/muscle imbalance Muscle inflammation Symptoms : Anterolateral tibial pain
Compartment syndrome
97
What kind of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint? | Ligaments?
Synovial Plane/gliding 2 ligaments of the head of fibula
98
What kind of joint is the middle tibiofibular joint? | Ligaments?
Syndesmosis | Interosseous membrane
99
What kind of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint? | Ligaments?
Syndesmosis | Tibiofibular ligaments
100
What is the ankle joint?
Articulation b/t talus and distal ends of tibia and fibula
101
What are the names of the 7 tarsals?
``` Talus Calcaneus Cuboid Navicular Middle Cuneiform Medial cuneiform Lateral cuneiform ```
102
What mvt does the deltoid ligament resist?
Eversion
103
What mvt does the lateral collateral ligaments resist?
Inversion
104
``` What kind of joint are the transverse tarsal joint subtalar joint cuneonavicular joint tarsometatarsal joints? ```
Synovial | Plane/gliding
105
What kind of joint is the metatarsophalangeal joint?
Synovial | Condyloid
106
What kind of joint is the interphalangeal joint?
Synovial | Hinge
107
What kind of joint is the talocalcaneonavicular joint?
Synovial | Ball in socket
108
What is the natural 'G-suit'?
Crural fascia that stops blood from pooling in legs
109
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Extensor digitorum longus m.
Type : anterior compartment of the leg Origin : Lateral tibial condyle Insertion : Bases of the 2nd-5th distal phalanges Innervation : Deep fibular n. Action : Extension of toes
110
What is the innervation for the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep fibular n.
111
What is the innervation for the lateral compartment of the leg?
Superficial fibular n.
112
What is the innervation for the posteriot compartment of the leg?
Tibial n.
113
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Tibialis anterior m.
Type : anterior compartment of the leg Origin : Lateral surface of tibia (proximal) Insertion : Medial cuneiform Base of 1st metatarsal Innervation : Deep fibular n. Action : Dorsiflexion Inversion
114
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Extensor hallucis longus m.
Type : Anterior compartment Origin : Anterior surface of fibula (proximal) Insertion : Base of 1st distal phalanx Innervation : Deep fibular n. Action Extension of big toe Dorsiflexion
115
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Fibularis tertius m.
Type : Anterior compartment Origin : Anterior surface of fibula (distal) Insertion : Base of 5th metatarsal Innervation : Deep fibular n. Action : Dorsiflexion Eversion (little bit)
116
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Fibularis longus m.
Type : Lateral compartment Origin : Lateral surface of fibula (proximal) Insertion : Base of 1st metatarsal Medial cuneiform Innervation : Superficial fibular n. Action : Eversion
117
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Fibularis brevis m.
Type : Lateral compartment Origin : Lateral surface of fibula (distal) Insertion : Base of 5th metatarsal Innervation : Superficial fibular n. Action : Eversion
118
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Gastrocnemius m.
Type : Superficial posterior compartment Origin : Medial and lateral supracondylar ridges (femur) Insertion : Calcaneal tuberosity (via calcanea tendon) Innervation : Tibial n. Action : Plantar flexion Flexion @ knee
119
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Soleus m.
Type : Superficial posterior compartment Origin : Head and neck of fibula Soleil line (tibia) Insertion : Calcaneal tuberosity (via calcanea tendon) Innervation : Tibial n. Action : Plantar flexion
120
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Plantaris m.
Type : Superficial posterior compartment Origin : Lateral supracondyle ridge Insertion : Calcaneal tuberosity Innervation : Tibial n. ``` Action : Plantar flexion Flexion @ knee Stops hyperflexion Proprioception ```
121
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Flexor digitorum longus m.
Type : Deep posterior compartment Origin : Posterior surface of tibia (proximal) Insertion : Bases of 2nd-5th distal phalanges Innervation : Tibial n. Action : Flexion @ toes Plantar flexion
122
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Tibialis posterior m.
Type : Deep posterior compartment Origin : Interosseous membrane Edges of tibia and fibula (proximal) Insertion : Navicular Cuneiforms Bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals Innervation : Tibial n. Action : Plantar flexion Inversion
123
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Flexor hallucis longus m.
Type : Deep posterior compartment Origin : Posterior surface of fibula (middle) Insertion : Base of 1st distal phalanx Innervation : Tibial n. Action : Flexion @ big toe Plantar flexion
124
Name the 7 structures that procure a longitudinal arch support.
``` Tibialis posterior m. Flexor digitorum longus m. Flexion hallucina longus m. Tibialis anterior m. Plantar aponeurosis Short and long plantar ligaments Spring ligament (calcaneus -> navicular) ```
125
Name the 2 structures that procure a transverse arch support.
Fibularis longus m. | Tibialis posterior m.
126
``` What is pes planus? What ligament(s) is/are affected by this condition? ```
Eversion of ankle | Deltoid ligament
127
``` What is pes cavus? What ligament(s) is/are affected by this condition? ```
Inversion of ankle | Calcaneofibular ligament
128
What artery gives blood to the anterior compartment of the leg?
Anterior tibial a.
129
What arteries give blood to the posterior compartment of the leg?
Fibular a. | Posterior tibial a.
130
Who is the travel buddy of deep fibular n.?
Anterior tibial a.
131
Who is the travel buddy of posterior tibial a.?
Tibial n.
132
What is in the tarsal tunnel? (6)
``` From anterior to posterior : (Tom Dick and very nervous Harry) Tibialis posterior m. Flexor digitorum longus m. Posterior tibial a. Posterior tibial v. Tibial n. Flexor hallucinations longus m. ```
133
The extrinsinc muscles of the foot are responsible for which actions @ the ankle? (4)
dorsiflexion plantar flexion inversion eversion
134
The intrinsic muscle extrinsinc muscles of the foot are responsible for which actions @ the toes? (4)
Extension Flexion ABD ADD
135
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Extensor digitorum brevis m.
Type : Dorsal m. of the foot Origin : Calcaneus (dorsal surface) Insertion : Bases of 2nd-4th middle phalanges Innervation : Deep fibular n. Action : Extension of toes 2-5
136
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Extensor hallucis brevis m.
Type : Dorsal m. of the foot Origin : Calcaneus (dorsal surface) Insertion : Base of 1st proximal phalanx Innervation : Deep fibular n. Action : Extension of big toe
137
Dermatomes - Sural cuteneous n. - Superficial fibular n. - Saphenous n. - Deep fibular n.
- S1 : baby toe - L4-S1 : lat leg, toes 1-4 - L3-L5 : medial leg and thigh - L4-L5b/t toe 1-2
138
What's a plantar fasciitis?
Inflammed/torn plantar aponeurosis
139
What are the 2 parts of plantar aponeurosis?
- Superficial tranverse metatarsal ligaments | - Transverse fascicles
140
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` ABD hallucis m.
Type : Plantar m : 1st layer Origin : Calcaneal tuberosity Insertion : Base of 1st proximal phlanx Innervation : Medial plantar n. Action : ABD of big toe
141
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Flexor digitorum brevis m.
Type : Plantar m : 1st layer Origin : Calcaneal tuberosity Insertion : Bases of 2nd-5th middle phalanges ('Y'-shape) Innervation : Medial plantar n. Action : Flexion of toes 2-5
142
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` ABD digiti minimi m.
Type : Plantar m : 1st layer Origin : Calcaneal tuberosity Insertion - Base of 5th metatarsal - Base of 5th proximal phalanx Innervation : Lateral plantar m. Action : ABD of baby toe
143
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Quadratus plantae m.
Type : Plantar m : 2nd layer Origin : Calcaneal tuberosity Insertion : Tendon of flexor digitorum longs m. Innervation : Lateral plantar m. Action : Toe flexion
144
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Lumbrical m. (4)
Type : Plantar m : 2nd layer Origin : Tendon of flexor digitorum longs m. Insertion : Extensor expansions of 2nd-5th digits ``` Innervation Lateral plantar (3rd -5th digits) Medial plantar (2nd digit) ``` Action : Flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joint ADD @ toes
145
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Flexor hallucis brevis m.
Type : Plantar m : 3rd layer * 2 heads : medial and lateral * wraps sesamoids bones Origin : - Cuboid - Lateral cuneiform Insertion : Base of 1st proximal phalanx Innervation - Medial head : Medial plantar n. - Lateral head : Lateral plantar n. Action : Flexion @ MCP of big toe
146
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Flexor digiti minimi m.
Type : Plantar m : 3rd layer Origin : Base of 5th metatarsal Insertion : Base of 5th proximal phalanx Innervation : Superficial branch of lateral plantar n. Action : Flexion @ MCP of baby toe
147
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` ADD hallucis m. (traverse head) *'7'-shape
Type : Plantar m : 3rd layer Origin : 3rd-5th metatarsals Insertion : Base of 1st proximal phalanx Innervation : Deep branch of lateral plantar n. Action : ADD @ MCP
148
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` ADD hallucis m. (oblique head) *'7'-shape
Type : Plantar m : 3rd layer Origin : Base of 2nd-4th metatarsals Insertion : Base of 1st proximal phalanx Innervation : Deep branch of lateral plantar n. Action : ADD @ MCP
149
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Plantar interosseous m.
Type : Plantar m : 4th layer Origin : Medial sides of 3rd -5th metatarsals (3) Insertion : Base of 3rd-5th proximal phalanges Innervation : Deep branch of lateral plantar n. Action : ABD @ MCP
150
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Dorsal interosseous m.
Type : Plantar m : 4th layer Origin : Shafts of 1st-4th metatarsals (4) Insertion : Base of 2nd-4th proximal phalanges Innervation : Deep branch of lateral plantar n. Action : ADD @ MCP
151
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Opponens digiti minimi m.
Type : Plantar m : 4th layer Origin : Long plantar ligament Insertion : Shaft of 5th metatarsal Innervation : Superficial branch of lateral plantar n. Action : Opposition of baby toe
152
In the hand, which finger is the landmark for the midline?
Middle finger (3rd digit)
153
In the hand, ADD and ABD happen at which joint?
MCP
154
Thenar eminence is more lateral or medial?
Medial
155
Hypothenar eminence is more lateral of medial?
Lateral
156
Always ___ for 3rd digit?
ABD (can't do ADD)
157
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Palmaris brevis m.
Type : Superficial layer of palmar aspect of the hand Origin : Medial aspect of palmar aponeurosis Insertion : Skin over hypothenar eminence Innervation : Superficial branch of ulnar n. Action : Tenses skin to the midline 'Jar opening m.'
158
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` ABD pollicis brevis m.
Type : Thenar Eminence of palmar aspect of the hand Origin : - Flexoir retinaculum - Scaphoid, trapezium Insertion : Base of 1st proximal phalanx Innervation : Recurrent branch of median n. Action : ABD of thumb
159
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Flexor pollicis brevis m.
Type : Thenar Eminence of palmar aspect of the hand Origin : - Flexoir retinaculum - Scaphoid, trapezium Insertion : Base of 1st proximal phalanx Innervation : - Recurrent branch of median n. - Deep branch of ulnar n. Action : Thumb flexion
160
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Opponens pollicis m.
Type : Thenar Eminence of palmar aspect of the hand Origin : - Flexoir retinaculum - Scaphoid, trapezium Insertion : Lateral aspect of 1st metacarpal Innervation : Recurrent branch of median n. Action : Opposition of thumb
161
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` ABD digiti minimi m.
Type : Hypothenar eminence of palmar aspect of hand Origin : Pisiform Insertion : Base of 5th proximal phalanx Innervation : Deep branch of ulnar n. Action : ABD of pinkie
162
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Flexor digiti minimi brevis m.
Type : Hypothenar eminence of palmar aspect of hand Origin : - Flexor retinaculum - Hook of hamate Insertion : Base of 5th proximal phalanx Innervation : Deep branch of ulnar n. Action : Flexion of pinkie
163
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Opponens digiti minimi m.
Type : Hypothenar eminence of palmar aspect of hand Origin : - Flexor retinaculum - Hook of hamate Insertion : Medial aspect of 5th metacarpal Innervation : Deep branch of ulnar n. Action : Opposition of pinkie
164
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Lumbrical m.
Type : Central (intermediate) compartment of palmar aspect of the hand Origin : Tendons of flexor digitorum profondes m. Insertion : Lateral aspects of extensor expansions Innervation : Digits 2-3 : Median n. Digits 4-5 : Deep branch of ulnar n. Action : Flexion @ MCP Extension @ DIP and PIP
165
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` ADD pollicis m.
Type : Deep thenar muscle of palmar aspect of the hand Origin : - Shaft of 3rd metacarpal (transverse head) - Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, carpals (oblique head) Insertion : Base of 1st proximal phalanx Innervation : Deep branch of ulnar n. Action : ADD of thumb
166
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Palmar interosseous m.
Type : Intrinsic (Deep) Compartment of Palmar Aspect of the hand Origin : Palmar aspect of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals Insertion : - Bases of 2nd, 4th and 5th proximal phalanges - 2nd, 4th and 5th extensor expansions Innervation : Deep branch of ulnar Action : PAD = ADD of digits 2,4 and 5
167
``` Type Origin Insertion Innervation Action ``` Dorsal interosseous m.
Type : Intrinsic (Deep) Compartment of Palmar Aspect of the hand Origin : Shafts of adjacent metacarpals Insertion : - Bases of 2nd-4th proximal phalanges - 2nd-4th extensor expansions Innervation : Deep branch of ulnar n. Action : DAB : ABD of digits 2-4
168
What are the 2 nerves that innervates the dorsal side of the hand?
Radial and ulnar n.
169
What are the 2 nerves that innervates the palmar side of the hand?
Ulnar and median n.
170
Where does the ulnar n. passes @ the wrist?
Ulnar tunnel
171
What are the branches of median n. in the hand? | What do they do?
- Palmar branch = sensory | - Recurrent branch = motor (thumb)
172
What are the branches of ulnar n. in the hand? | What do they do?
- Superficial branch = motor (palmaris brevis) - Deep branch = motor (deep m. of hand) - Dorsal branch - sensory - Digital branch = sensory
173
What are the branches of radial n. in the hand? | What do they do?
- Superficial branch = motor | - Digital branch = sensory
174
What parts of the hand are innervated by the median n. (cutaneous)?
- Palmar (ant) = digits 1-3, half of digit 4, thumb side of wrist - Dorsal (post) = tips of digits 1-3, half of tip of digit 4
175
What parts of the hand are innervated by the ulnar n. (cutaneous)?
- Palmar (ant) = half of digit 4, digit 5, pinkie side of wrist - Dorsal (post) = half of digit 4, digit 5, pinkie side of wrist
176
What parts of the hand are innervated by the radial n. (cutaneous)?
- Palmar (ant) = inferior thenar eminence | - Dorsal (post) = digits 1-half of digit 4, thumb side of wrist
177
What is a positive Allen's test?
Incomplete palmar arches or vascular occlusions
178
Which artery gives blood to the dorsal side (post) of the hand?
Radial a.
179
Which arteries give blood to the palmar side (ant) of the hand?
Ulnar and radial a.
180
Which artery gives blood to the thumb and the 2nd digit?
Radial a.
181
Which artery gives blood to the 2-5 digits
Ulnar a.
182
Which specific artery gives blood to the thumb?
Principis pollicis a.
183
Which specific artery gives blood to the 2nd finger?
Radial indicis a.
184
To which structure does the deep branch of ulnar attaches to?
Deep palmar arch
185
To which structure does the superficial parma arch attaches to?
Superficial palmar branch of radial a.
186
The dorsal metacarpal a comes from which structure?
Dorsal carpal arch
187
The common palmar digital a. comes from which structure?
Superficial palmar arch
188
The posterior tibial a. splits into 2 structures. What are they?
Medial plantar a. | Lateral plantar a.
189
The deep branch of medial plantar a. makes an anestemosis w/ which structure?
Plantar arch of lateral plantar a.
190
The lateral plantar a. gives which structure?
Plantar arch
191
The medial plantar a. gives which structures?
Deep branch | Superficial branch
192
The superficial branch gives which structures?
Plantar metatarsal a. | Plantar digital a.
193
The tibial n. splits and gives which structures?
Medial plantar n. | Lateral plantar n.
194
The lateral plantar n. splits and gives which structures?
Deep branch | Superficial branch
195
The plantar digital nerves and the common plantar digital n. come from which nerve?
Medial plantar n.
196
Anterior rami responsible for biceps jerk reflex?
C5-C6
197
Anterior rami responsible for triceps jerk reflex?
C7-C8
198
Anterior rami responsible for knee jerk reflex?
L3-L4
199
Anterior rami responsible for ankle jerk reflex?
S1-S2
200
Medial back of the foot and toes 1-3.5 innervated by?
Medial plantar n.
201
Lateral back of the foot and toes 4,5-5 innervated by?
Lateral plantar n.
202
Myotomes responsible for hip flexion?
L2-L3
203
Myotomes responsible for knee extension?
L3-L4
204
Myotomes responsible for dorsiflexion?
L4-L5
205
Myotomes responsible for knee flexion?
L5-S1
206
Myotomes responsible for plantar flexion?
S1-S2
207
Myotomes responsible for hip ADD?
L2-L4
208
Myotomes responsible for hip ABD?
L5-S1
209
Myotomes responsible for ankle inversion?
L4
210
Myotomes responsible for ankle eversion?
L5-S1
211
Myotomes responsible for hip extension?
L4-L5

Musculoskeletal Anatomy (2 decks)

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