final Flashcards
exogamy
PEOPLE OUTSIDDE MARRING
ENDOGAMY
PEOPLE INSIDE MARRING
horticulture
is cultivation that makes intensive use of none of the factors of production: land, labor, capital, and machinery.
horticulturalist
use simple tools. such as hoes and digging sticks
agriculture
requires more labor then horticulture does because it uses land intensively and continuously
pastoral nomadism
the entire group man and woman, and children moves with animals through out the year, middle east and north Africa
transhumance
part of group moves with heard but most people stay in the home. Europe Africa
means of production
land, labor and technogly
market
items bought and sold using money with an eye to maximize profit and the vaule is determined by supply and demand impersonal
redistribution
operates when goods, services, or their equivalent move from the local level to a center
reciprocity
exchange between social equals, three degrees of reciprocity generalized, balanced, and negative.. leadership
three degrees of reciprocity
generalized reciprocity- the purest one, exchanges betewwn close people.gives and gets nothing back
balanced reciprocity
social distance increases as the need to reciprotcate gives and receive gift back
negative reciprocity
social distance is the greatest and reciprocation is most calculated gives zsomething back fast
power vs authority
POWER IS THE ABILITY TO EXCERCISE ONES WILL OVER OTHERS authority is the formal socially approved used of power
big man
always male, in charge can have supporters in more then one village
chief
don’t work like big men, return what they earn status based on seniority of decent
roles of state
population control, judiciary, enforcement, fiscal report
weapons of the weak
public transcript- open public interactions with superordinate’s and subordinates. hidden transcript- out of sight of power holders.
nuclear family
impermanent, it last as the parents and children remain together
family of orientation
the family in you are born and grow up
family of procreation
when you marry and have children
extended family
three or more generations
decent group
is permanent social unit who have common ancestry
pastrillneal decent
have lifetime with fathers group
matrilineal decent
join mothers group at birth and stay their through out life
lineage
demonstrated descent
clans
stipulated descent
incest
refers to sex with relative
bride wealth
a gift before or at or after the marriage from husband to wife and kin
progeny price
children who are permanently transferred to the husbands group
dowry
is marital exchange in which the brides family provides substantial gifts when daughter marries
polygamy
common marriage
polygyny
man has more then one wife
polyandry
wife has more then one husband
sororate
man marries dead wife sister
levirate
widow marries bother
gender roles
are takes given because of sex
transgender
born man want to be woman
communitas
an intense community sprit a feeling of equality and togetherness
animism
soul to things like plants, tylor 1871, dreams of afer life
mana
a scared impersonal force existing in the world
magic
refers to supernatural techniques to do certain things, magical actions, spells, formulas, offerings, and incantations. anxity and control
rituals
formal, stereotyped, they include liturgical orders words and actions invented prior to the current performance
rites of passage
individual or collective. transition from one place or stage of life to the other
liminality
always has certain characteristics. not normal
revitalization movements
social movements that occur in times of change in which religious leaders emerge and undertake to alter society.
cargo cults
revitalization movements
world system
social system based on wealth and power differentials extends beyond individual countries
colonialism
IS THE POLITCAL SOCIAL ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL DOMINATION OF A TERRITORY AND ITS PEOPLE BY A FOREIGN POWER FOR EXTENED TIME
postcolonial
refers to the study of the interactions between the European nations and the societies they colonized
development anthropohly
focus on issues economic development
consumption
gendered, related to distribution
states
all people are subject to
navajo
hunter-gathers, hoticlture from pueblo pastoralism from Spanish horticulturalists
headmen and women
lead by example, kinship plays role power not aurthiority. yan- man murk is both
arapesh
American gender expectations
mundugumor
both men and women acts as men
biology of sex
biological assignment based on genetics
sexuality
gender roles and sex behavior vary
intersexual
two spirit (berdache) the blessed curse animism spiritual equality
ritual homosexuality
etoro and sambia
animatism
impersonal supernatural force, marett 1909
three types of rituals
everyday, like sports calendrical, like holidays rite of passage
cosmologies
attempts to explain origins through symbols, stories establishes order among things
pedestrian
follow a territory elders control spiritual, hunting smoking
aquatic
men engage in higher risk behavior, inuit murik
equestrian
portable architecture, larger communities, native American Midwest
ashanti
200 chiefs, most prominent, status marked in dress ritual and political authority
Agro industrialism
larger monocarps, produce surplus, corporate farms, mechanized production, link to urbanization
unilineal
patrilineal, matrilineal
medical ant
naturalistic disease theories personalitic theories social construction of illness
millenarianism
belief in a coming ideal society and especially one created by revolutionary action
syncretism
: the combination of different forms of belief or practice
innovation
the introduction of something new
acculturation
cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture
PEOPLE OUTSIDDE MARRING
exogamy
PEOPLE INSIDE MARRING
ENDOGAMY
is cultivation that makes intensive use of none of the factors of production: land, labor, capital, and machinery.
horticulture
use simple tools. such as hoes and digging sticks
horticulturalist
requires more labor then horticulture does because it uses land intensively and continuously
agriculture
the entire group man and woman, and children moves with animals through out the year, middle east and north Africa
pastoral nomadism
part of group moves with heard but most people stay in the home. Europe Africa
transhumance
land, labor and technogly
means of production
items bought and sold using money with an eye to maximize profit and the vaule is determined by supply and demand impersonal
market
operates when goods, services, or their equivalent move from the local level to a center
redistribution
exchange between social equals, three degrees of reciprocity generalized, balanced, and negative.. leadership
reciprocity
generalized reciprocity- the purest one, exchanges betewwn close people.gives and gets nothing back
three degrees of reciprocity
social distance increases as the need to reciprotcate gives and receive gift back
balanced reciprocity
social distance is the greatest and reciprocation is most calculated gives zsomething back fast
negative reciprocity
POWER IS THE ABILITY TO EXCERCISE ONES WILL OVER OTHERS authority is the formal socially approved used of power
power vs authority
always male, in charge can have supporters in more then one village
big man
don’t work like big men, return what they earn status based on seniority of decent
chief
population control, judiciary, enforcement, fiscal report
roles of state
public transcript- open public interactions with superordinate’s and subordinates. hidden transcript- out of sight of power holders.
weapons of the weak
impermanent, it last as the parents and children remain together
nuclear family
the family in you are born and grow up
family of orientation
when you marry and have children
family of procreation
three or more generations
extended family
is permanent social unit who have common ancestry
decent group
have lifetime with fathers group
pastrillneal decent
join mothers group at birth and stay their through out life
matrilineal decent
demonstrated descent
lineage
stipulated descent
clans
refers to sex with relative
incest
a gift before or at or after the marriage from husband to wife and kin
bride wealth
children who are permanently transferred to the husbands group
progeny price
is marital exchange in which the brides family provides substantial gifts when daughter marries
dowry
common marriage
polygamy
man has more then one wife
polygyny
wife has more then one wife
polyandry
man marries dead wife sister
sororate
widow marries bother
levirate
are takes given because of sex
gender roles
born man want to be woman
transgender
an intense community sprit a feeling of equality and togetherness
communitas
soul to things like plants, tylor 1871, dreams of afer life
animism
a scared impersonal force existing in the world
mana
refers to supernatural techniques to do certain things, magical actions, spells, formulas, offerings, and incantations. anxity and control
magic
formal, stereotyped, they include liturgical orders words and actions invented prior to the current performance
rituals
individual or collective. transition from one place or stage of life to the other
rites of passage
always has certain characteristics. not normal
liminality
social movements that occur in times of change in which religious leaders emerge and undertake to alter society.
revitalization movements
revitalization movements
cargo cults
social system based on wealth and power differentials extends beyond individual countries
world system
IS THE POLITCAL SOCIAL ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL DOMINATION OF A TERRITORY AND ITS PEOPLE BY A FOREIGN POWER FOR EXTENED TIME
colonialism
refers to the study of the interactions between the European nations and the societies they colonized
postcolonial
focus on issues economic development
development anthropohly
gendered, related to distribution
consumption
all people are subject to
states
hunter-gathers, hoticlture from pueblo pastoralism from Spanish horticulturalists
navajo
lead by example, kinship plays role power not aurthiority. yan- man murk is both
headmen and women
American gender expectations
arapesh
both men and women acts as men
mundugumor
biological assignment based on genetics
biology of sex
gender roles and sex behavior vary
sexuality
two spirit (berdache) the blessed curse animism spiritual equality
intersexual
etoro and sambia
ritual homosexuality
impersonal supernatural force, marett 1909
animatism
everyday, like sports calendrical, like holidays rite of passage
three types of rituals
attempts to explain origins through symbols, stories establishes order among things
cosmologies
follow a territory elders control spiritual, hunting smoking
pedestrian
men engage in higher risk behavior, inuit murik
aquatic
portable architecture, larger communities, native American Midwest
equestrian
200 chiefs, most prominent, status marked in dress ritual and political authority
ashanti
larger monocarps, produce surplus, corporate farms, mechanized production, link to urbanization
Agro industrialism
patrilineal, matrilineal
unilineal
naturalistic disease theories personalitic theories social construction of illness
medical ant
belief in a coming ideal society and especially one created by revolutionary action
millenarianism
: the combination of different forms of belief or practice
syncretism
the introduction of something new
innovation
cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture
acculturation
Do men dominate women in all societies
goldberg endicott, goldbereg yes men do. endicott no men do not
does the distance between the natural and supernatural exist
lohmann and lamp lohmann says yes lamp no
is conflict beteewn different ethnic groups inevitable
kakar oberscall karkar yes oberscall no
do native people today invent traditions
kessing yes trask no
did naplleon chagnon research methods harm the yanomami indians of venezuela
turner yes hagen,price,tooby no gold miners
was margaret meads fieldwoerk on samoan adolescents fundamentally flawed
freemen yes holmes no
are humans inherently violoeent
