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Critical Care Monitoring Final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Normal CVP

A

2-6

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2
Q

Normal PAP

A

25/8 or 14

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3
Q

Normal PCWP

A

6-12

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4
Q

Normal CO

A

4-8

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5
Q

Normal SVR

A

1600

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6
Q

Normal PVR

A

200

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7
Q

Cardiac Output Standard Equation

A

HR x SV

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8
Q

Cardiac Output Fick Equation

A

VO2 / Ca-Cv x 10

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9
Q

SV Equation

A

CO/HR

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10
Q

Cardiac Index Equation

A

CO / BSA

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11
Q

PVR Equation

A

[(MPAP-PCWP) / CO] x 80

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12
Q

MPAP (MAP) Equation

A

Systolic + (Diastolic x 2) / 3

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13
Q

SVR Equation

A

[(MAP-CVP) / CO] x 80

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14
Q

Blood pressure moves from ______ to _________

A

high pressures to low pressures

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15
Q

Flow of Blood

A

r heart, lungs, l heart, systemic system

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16
Q

Why would CVP be low and how to fix

A

dehydration, hypovolemia or vasoconstriction. Fix with fluids or vasoconstriction drugs

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17
Q

Why would CVP be high and how do you fix it

A

fluid overload. fix with diuretic

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18
Q

CVP relates to the function of________________

A

right heart (RH Failure, Cor Pulmonale)

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19
Q

When PAP is high

A

may be due to blockage in lungs or left heart (pulmonary embolism, air embolism, pulmonary hypertension)

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20
Q

How to get PCWP reading

A

balloon must be inflated and wedged in the pulmonary artery

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21
Q

PCWP relates to the function of ___________

A

left heart (mitral valve stenosis, CHF, Pulmonary Edema, High PEEP

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22
Q

Increase in C(a-v)O2 means ___________ CO

A

decreased

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23
Q

Decreased C(a-v)O2 means ______________ CO

A

increased

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24
Q

How do you treat decreased Cardiac Output

A

cardiac inotropic and/or chronotropic medications

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25
Q

SVR relates to the function of

A

left heart

26
Q

PVR relates to the function of

A

right heart

27
Q

PCWP is usually the same or lower than ___________

A

PA diastolic pressure

28
Q

If (PAd-PCWP) is greater than 5, this indiciates

A

increased PVR

29
Q

PAP greater than 35/15 means

A

pulmonary hypertension

30
Q

What is preload

A

the filling pressure of the ventricle at the end of ventricular disatole

31
Q

How is Pre-load estimated

A

by measrung the end-diastolic pressures. CVP and PAWP readings

32
Q

What is contractility

A

the force that the ventricle generates during each cardiac cycle.

33
Q

How is Contractility estimated

A

by using ejection fraction

34
Q

Normal Ejection Fraction

35
Q

Ejection Fraction formula

36
Q

What is After-load

A

resistance heart must overcome for blood flow to occur (PVR and SVR)

37
Q

Resistance=

A

pressure/flow

38
Q

Increased Vascular Pressure means _______ heart work

A

increased (opposite for decrease)

39
Q

What is CVP

A

the pressure of blood in the right atrium or vena cava. ALso called RVEDP

40
Q

What is SVR

A

a measure of resistance to blood flow through the systemic system circulation (left heart)

41
Q

What is PVR

A

a measure of pulmonary vascular resistance and increases with pulmonary vasoconstriction, as seen in hypoxemia and acidosis (right heart)

42
Q

Bubbling in chest tubes water seal indiates

A

a leak or bronchopleural fistula

43
Q

How long do you leave a chest tube in

A

48hours AFTER air leaks resolve

44
Q

What is a chest tube

A

allows you to meaure rate of bleeding (fluid), improves ventilation, allow for lung re-expansion

45
Q

When is ETCO2 measured

A

at the end of exhalation

46
Q

Indications for ETCO2 measurment

A

evaluate V/Q ratio, determine position of ETT, monior integrity of artificial airway

47
Q

What is the normal difference in PaCO2 and ETCO2

A

usually 3-5

48
Q

A sudden drop in O2 means

A

the vent disconnecred or the adapter is clogged with secreations

49
Q

What is PvO2

A

oxygen usage through the body

50
Q

What is SvO2

A

percent of oxygen that is in blood when it returns to the right atrium

51
Q

What are the risks associated with injuries to C3 and C%

A

Diaphragmatic Paralysis

52
Q

Normal MAP

53
Q

Normal PVO2

54
Q

Normal SV02

55
Q

If ETCO2 is increasing, what happens to PaCO2

A

it increases

56
Q

Indications for chest tube

A

pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural effusion

57
Q

Goals of a chest tube

A

to drain air or fluid

58
Q

what is the collection chamber

A

collects fluid from the patient. subdivided into columns to assess the amount drained. color anf consistency

59
Q

what is the water seal chamber

A

one way valve allowing air to escape and no re-enter pleural space. filled to 2cm of fluid. Water rise during spontaneous exhalation and falls during inspiration (opposite when patient is on ventiltior)

60
Q

What is the suction control chamber

A

regulater amount of vacuum applied to chest tube. filled to a depth of 20cm of fluid.

61
Q

Indications for ETCO2

A

to identify proper placement of ETT, to assess effectiveness of compressions during CPR, to continuously monitor CO2, to trend CO2

Critical Care Monitoring Final (1 decks)

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