Final Flashcards
There are no exceptions to the octet rule
False
Ionic bonds are highly polar bonds
True
Metallic bonds are between two non-metals
False
What element is an exception to the octet rule
Hydrogen
What type of bind is formed by atoms “ sharing “ electrons
Ionic
What property is the tendency of an object to form 2 localized regions of opposite character
Polarity
What is the measure of an atoms ability to attract electrons to itself in a chemical bond
Electronegativity
Polyatomic compounds that have a positive or negative charge are
Polyatomic ions
What is the orderly arrangement of ions In a ionic bond
Crystal lattice
Theory states that electrons in a metallic bond are freely “ floating “ around
Electron sea theory
What is a notable exceptions to the general characteristics of covalent compounds
Network covalent substance
What is the octet rule
Attaining a full valence shell
A non binding pair of electrons is considered an area of of electron density
True
Covalent bonds are always nonpolar
False
End to end bond and is the stronger bond
Sigma bond
Side by side bind and weaker
Pi bond
Theory that is called the localized electron theory
Valence bond theory
Theory that focuses on the locations of highest electron density
VSEPR
Which shape typically has the central atom surrounded by 4 areas of electron density
Tetrahedral
Which shape is Y-Shaped with all 4 atoms lying on a singular plane
Trigonal planar
When electrons are harmed, but they are unequally shared, the bond is
Polar covalent bond
What is a measure of molecular polarity called
Dipole moment
What represents the number of electrons that an atom in a compound must gain or lose to return to its neutral state
Oxidation number
The IUPAC developed a systematic way to name compounds called a
Nomenclature
What type of compounds used the Greek prefix system
Binary covalent compounds
What are company’s that hold a characteristic amount of water in there crystalline structure called
Hydrates
The substances present before a reaction occurs, on the left side of the equation are called
Reactants
What type of reactions combine 2 or more substances into a single product
Synthesis reaction
In what type of reaction does a reactive element replace a less reactive element in a compound
Single-replacement reactions
What is the mass of one mole of any pure substance
Molar mass
Which formula show the types of atoms involved, the exact composition of each molecule and the arrangement of chemical bonds
Structural formula
What law states that the ratio of elements in a compound are constant for every particle in that compound
Law of definite composition
What shows the mathematical relationships between the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction
Stoichiometry
Which reactant is used up first and prevents more products from forming
Limiting reactants
Which is the maximum amount of product that could be created from a given amount of reactant
Theoretical yield
What is the actual measured amount of product at the end of a reaction
Actual yield
What is the percentage of the theoretical yield that was actually produced
Precent yield
What describes the mass composition of a compound by showing what percentage of its total mass comes from each element
Percent composition
Avogadro’s number
6.022 x 10^23
A lens through which someone views the world
Worldview
What type of data describes
Qualitative
What type of reasoning goes from large statements to specific conclusions
Deductive
Ancient chemistry practiced by Egyptians, romans, Arabs, and Europeans
Alchemy
Scientific ideas that try and explain phenomenon
Theory
What change alters the identity of the substance
Chemical change
Which is a uniform mixture that appears as one layer
Homogeneous mixture
Ductility is the ability of a material to transfer heat/electricity between its particles
False
Which law states, “ all natural processes tend toward the highest entropy and minimum usable energy
Law of entropy
What is the act of comparing an unknown quantity to a standard unit
Measurement
Which means “ one of something “ and is included in every measurement
Units
Niels Bohr developed a mathematical atomic model
True
Who suggested that electrons were only in certain energy levels, which are called principle energy levels, outside the nucleus
Niels Bohr
Element that has the strongest electronegativity
Fluorine
What type of ions have lost electrons to make them have a positive charge
Cations
What are the compounds that combine with oxygen called
Oxides
The measure of attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons is
Electronegativity
Who was the professor at Cambridge who represented that there was a small region in an atom called the nucleus
Ernest Rutherford
Who was the first to develop an atom model based on experimental evidence
John dalton
