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Chemisty > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

There are no exceptions to the octet rule?

A

False

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2
Q

Ionic bonds are highly polar bonds?

A

True

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3
Q

Polarity is determined by finding the difference in electronegativity?

A

True

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4
Q

Metallic bonds are between two non metals?

A

False

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5
Q

Metallic compounds are good conductors of heat and electricity?

A

True

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6
Q

What element would be an exception to the octet rule?

A

Hydrogen

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7
Q

What type of bond is formed by atoms sharing electrons?

A

Covalent

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8
Q

What type of bond is formed between two metals?

A

Metallic

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9
Q

What property is the tendency of an object to form 2 localized regions of opposite character?

A

Polarity

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10
Q

What is the measure of an atoms ability to attract electrons to itself in a chemical bond?

A

?

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11
Q

What is the force that is exerted between electrical charges that holds covalent compounds together?

A

Electrostatic force

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12
Q

Which are the two dimensional diagrams that show the bonds between different atoms?

A

Lewis Structure

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13
Q

Ploy-atomic compounds that have a positive or negative charge are called?

A

Poly-atomic Ions

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14
Q

What is the orderly arrangement of ions in an ionic bond called?

A

Crystal Lattice

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15
Q

What theory states that electrons in a metallic bond are freely floating around?

A

Electron-Sea Theory

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16
Q

What are the electrons that have lost their association with a nucleus and act as the glue that holds metallic bonds together?

A

Delocalized Electrons

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17
Q

What are notable exceptions to the general characteristics of covelant compounds?

A

Network Covelant Substances

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18
Q

What is a mixture of a metals atoms with another element and has metallic properties?

A

Alloys

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19
Q

Attaining a full valence shell is called the

A

Octet rule

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20
Q

What type of bonds are formed when one atom steals the electrons from another atom?

A

Ionic Bonds

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21
Q

Sigma and pi bonds are the same thing?

A

False

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22
Q

There are never any exceptions to the Octet rule?

A

True

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23
Q

A nonbonding pair of electrons is considered an area of electron density?

A

True

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24
Q

Covalent bonds are always nonpolar?

A

False

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25
Q

Molecular geometry helps determine the shape of molecules?

A

True

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26
Q

What theory is also called the localized electron theory, and concerns the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms?

A

Valence Bond Theory

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27
Q

What type of bond is an end-to-end bond, and is the stronger bond?

A

Sigma bond

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28
Q

What type of bond is a side-by-side bond, and is the weakest bond?

A

Pi bond

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29
Q

For some molecules, no single Lewis structure can completely describe the distribution of electrons. There bonds arrangement can alternate between different structures. What is this called?

A

Molecure Resonace

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30
Q

Which theory suggests that the orbitals of a molecules atoms are replaced by totally new orbitals when a molecule forms?

A

Molecular Orbital Theory

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31
Q

Which theory focuses on the locations of highest electrons density surrounding the central atom in a molecule, and looks at how those areas repel one another?

A

VSEPR

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32
Q

What shape typically has the central atom surrounded by 4 areas of electron density?

A

Tetrahedral

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33
Q

Which shape is Y-shaped with all 4 atoms lying on a single plane?

A

Trigonal Planar

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34
Q

When electrons are shared, but they are unequally shared, the bond is called?

A

Polar Covalent Bond

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35
Q

What is a measure of molecular polarity called?

A

Dipole Moment

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36
Q

Alkali metals have a -2 oxidation number?

A

False

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37
Q

Ionic compounds use the Greek prefix system?

A

False

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38
Q

The word binary means 2-element, in chemistry?

A

True

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39
Q

Chemical equations use an arrow instead of an equal sign?

A

True

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40
Q

A decomposition reaction combines 2 or more substances into a single product?

A

False

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41
Q

What represents the number of electrons that an atom in a compound must gain or lose to return to its neutral state?

A

Oxidation Numbers

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42
Q

The IUPAC developed a systematic way to name compounds called a?

A

Nomenclature

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43
Q

What type of compounds used the Greek prefix system?

A

Binary Covalent Compounds

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44
Q

What are the compounds that hold a characteristic amount of water in their crystalline structure called?

A

Hydrates

45
Q

The substance present before a reaction occurs, on the left side of the equation, are called?

A

Hydrates

46
Q

The substance presents before a reaction occurs, on the left side of the equation, are called?

A

Reactants

47
Q

What type of reaction combines 2 or more substances into a single product?

A

Synthesis Reaction

48
Q

In what type of reaction does a reactive element replace a less reactive element in a compound?

A

Single-Replacement Reactions

49
Q

What is the amount of a substance contained within Avogadro’s number is called?

A

Mole

50
Q

What is the mass of one mole of any pure substance called?

A

Molar Mass

51
Q

Which formula shows the types of atoms involved, the exact composition of each molecule, and the arrangement of chemical bonds?

A

Structural Formula

52
Q

What formula tells what elements are present and give the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in the compound?

A

?

53
Q

What formula shows the types and numbers of atoms involved as they appear in the molecule?

A

?

54
Q

What law states that the ratio of elements in a compound are constant for every particle in that compound?

A

Law of Definite Composition

55
Q

What shows the mathematical relationships between the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction?

A

Stoichiometry

56
Q

What reactant is used up first and prevents more products from forming?

A

Limiting Reactants

57
Q

What reactants are leftover after a reaction?

A

Excess Reactants

58
Q

What is the maximum amount of product that could be created from a given amounts of reactant?

A

Theoretical Yield

59
Q

What is the actual measured amount of product at the end of a reactant?

A

Actual Yield

60
Q

What is the percentage of the theoretical yield that was actually produced?

A

Percent Yield

61
Q

What describes the mass composition of a compound by showing what percentage of its total mass comes form each element?

A

Percent Composition

62
Q

What is Avogadros number?

A

6.022 x 10^23

63
Q

What is the lens which someone views the world?

A

Worldview

64
Q

What type of data describes?

A

Qualitative

65
Q

What is anything that takes up space and has mass called?

A

Matter

66
Q

What type of reasoning goes from large statements to specific conclusions?

A

Deductive

67
Q

Ancient chemistry practiced by Egyptians, Romans, Arabs, and Europeans is referred to?

A

Alchemy

68
Q

True scientists have no idea?

A

False

69
Q

What is a persons basic assumptions about the world called?

A

Presuppositions

70
Q

What mandate calls us to use wise dominion over the Earth and creation?

A

Creation Mandate

71
Q

Models help make complicated things easier to understand?

A

True

72
Q

Scientific ideas that try to explain phenomenon?

A

Theory

73
Q

Matter is divided up into what 2 major categories?

A

Pure substance and Mixtures

74
Q

The amount of matter packed into given volume is?

A

Density

75
Q

What change alters the identity of the substance?

A

Chemical change

76
Q

What is a uniform mixture that appears as one layer?

A

Homogeneous Mixture

77
Q

The law of conservation of mass-energy states what?

A

Mass-energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only changed

78
Q

How many chlorine atoms are in the formula 2NaCl2?

A

4

79
Q

Ductility is the ability of a material to transfer heat/electricity between its particles?

A

False

80
Q

The ability to do work is called?

A

Energy

81
Q

What law states, “all natural processes tend toward the highest entropy and minimum usable energy”?

A

Law of Entropy

82
Q

What type of reaction gives heat off?

A

Exothermic

83
Q

What is the act of comparing an unknown quality to a standard unit?

A

Measurement

84
Q

What means “one of something” and is included in every measurement?

A

Units

85
Q

All non zeros are NOT significant?

A

False

86
Q

What is the metric unit of length?

A

Meter

87
Q

What type of instrument is nondigital?

A

Analog

88
Q

Convert 9.789 cL to mL

A

97.89 mL

89
Q

Convert 0.0067 km to m?

A

6.7 m

90
Q

How many significant digits are in 45.070 km?

A

5 SDs

91
Q

How many significant digits are in 0.371 cg?

A

3 SDs

92
Q

Neils Bohr developed a mathematical atomic model?

A

True

93
Q

Who suggested that electrons were only in certain energy levels, which he called principle energy levels, outside the nucleus?

A

Niels Bohr

94
Q

Two electrons in a single atom can have the same quantum number?

A

False

95
Q

Who was a professor at Cambridge who reasoned that there was a small region in an atom called the nucleus?

A

Ernest Rutherford

96
Q

Who was the first to develop an atom model based on experimental evidence?

A

John Dalton

97
Q

What is the long hand electron configuration for sodium?

A

1s^1, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^1

98
Q

What is the short hand electron configuration for potassium?

A

[Ar]4s^1

99
Q

How many neutrons are in a Carbon- 14 isotope?

A

8

100
Q

What are named because they form slats when they react with other reactive metals?

A

Halogens

101
Q

What is a graphic description of how elements differ from one another?

A

Periodic Table

102
Q

Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas?

A

True

103
Q

What are compounds that combine with oxygen called?

A

Oxides

104
Q

What element has the strongest electronegativity?

A

Fluorine

105
Q

Which type of metals have characteristics that lie somewhere between metals and nonmetals?

A

Metalloids

106
Q

The vertical columns on the periodic table are called periods or series?

A

False

107
Q

what are soft metals that are very reactive because of a single loosely held electron?

A

alkali metals

108
Q

What type of ions have lost electrons to make them have a positive charge?

A

Cations

Chemisty (1 decks)

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