Final Flashcards by Tiffany Reed

A patient who experiences a visual disturbance and describes it as a “shade being drawn over one eye” may be?

amaurosis fugax

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The doppler equation, the symbol “c” stand for ?

speed of sound in soft tissue

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which normal cerbrovascular vessel demonstrates the highest flow resistance?

external carotid artery

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typically, dizziness is classified as?

posterior symptom

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What is the first branch of the ECA?

Superior Thyroid Artery

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The NASCET study clearly demonstrated benefits of carotid endarterectomy over medical management in patients who are symptomatic and have stenosis greater than or equal to______%

70%

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angiographic measurement method recommended by the SRU Consensus Conference of 2003, also know as the NASCET method

distal ICA lumen compared to the residual ICA lumen

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a longitudinal image of carotid plaque can sometimes be misleading as to the diameter reduction due to?

slice thickness of the beam

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The appearance of earlys systolic deceleration in the left vertebral artery waveform is usually due to ?

proximal left subclavian stenosis

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What is the first branch of the ICA?

ophthalmic artery

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If flow is progressing right to left across the screen, and the color box is steered to the left, what color would the carotid artery show up as given that the color bar orientation is red over blue?

Blue

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what is the correct order of orgination of the great vessels from the aortic arch?

inominate artery
left common carotid
left subclavian

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what is the first branch off the subclavian artery?

vertebral artery

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A ____ mmHg gradient between left and right brachial pressures suggests subclavian stenosis?

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Measurement of an ICA stenosis in the _____ view can be misleading

sagittal

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A transient ischemic attack differs from a stroke because?

a TIA lasts for less then 24 hours and completely resolves

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An ICA peak systolic velocity of 150 cm/s correlates to a stenosis of ______ based on the 2003 RU consensus criteria

50-69%

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An ICA peak systolic velocity of 250 cm/s correlates to a stenosis of ______ based on the 2003 SRU consensus criteria

>70% to near occlusion

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AN ICA peak systolic velocity of 120cm/s correlates to a stenosis of _____ based on the 2003 SRU consensus criteria

<50%

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An ICA End diastolic velocity of 105cm/s correlates to a stenosis of _____ based on the 2003 SRU consensus criteria

>70% to near occlusion

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An ICA End diastolic velocity of 55cm/s correlates to a stenosis of ____ based on the 2003 SRU consenesus criteria

50-69%

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Standard Carotid protocol

patient history2. trasverse imaging 3. long imaging 4.color doppler

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Generally the best approach for ICA measurement of sstenosis is?

posterolateral

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describe the correct bifurcation maneuver.

From the distal CCA, pivot the transducer medially to view the ECA

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If the orientation marker is correctly pointed toward the patient's head, then when scanning in transverse at the level of the bifurcation, the right ECA should appear on the _____ side of the screen.

right

What is the typicall color scale used to scan the carotid artery?

If utilizing color doppler, the technologist needs to use an angle in order to detect a frequency shift and therefore display flow. one way to acquire and angle when imaging a carotid artery is?

Rock the probe

According to the doppler equation, maximum frequency shift is displayed at an angle of ?

0 degree

NASCET stand for?

north american symptomatic carotid endarterectomy trials

If a patients right arm measured 100/60mmHg and their left arm measured 122/60mmHg, what is the appropriate conclusion based on these blood findings?

right subclavian stenosis

In order to image the vertebral arteries, you would place your transducer in the longitudinal orientation and view the CCA. From there, you would angle the probe more ______ in order to visualize the vertebral artery.

posteriorly

what is the primary indication for imaging the subclavian arteries?

to detect stenosis

When mapping a stenosis, the technologist samples distal to the stenosis to detect turbulence, and then sample distal to the turbulence to detect ?

low flow

Name the causes of stroke that may result in emboli to the brain?

cardiac, carotid etiology, aneurysm rupture

Risk factor of a stroke

diabetes, advance age, tobacco use, high cholesterol

The right and left vertebral confluence in the posterior portion of the circle of willis to become the?

basliar artery

What percentage of patient have an intact functioning circle of willis?

50%

What transducer orientaio is most accurate for visualizing plaque in the carotid arteries?

transverse

When evaluating the right ICA in transverse, which side of the screen should it appear(assuming the index marker is corrctly positioned)?

left

T or F; The external carotid artery has cervical branches

true

Name some vertebrobasilar symtoms

syncope, vertigo, memory loss

you perform percussion maneuvers on the superficial temporal artery and see oscillations on the spectral display. The artery being insonated is most likely?

ECA

What is the first branch of the ECA?

superior thyroid artery

amaaurosis fugax related to an internal carotid lesion will cause?

temporary blindness or shading of the ipsilateral eye

When attempting to obtain good color filling of a low velocity vessel like the vertebral artery, what color controls may be adjusted in order to impove the color?

decrease the scale; increase the gain

In the case of vascular doppler, we use an agle of ____ in order to correspond to the diagnostic criteria.

60 degree

Whic is the best width for a sample volume in obtaining doppler signals within the carotid arteries? A.1.5mm B.2.0mm C.2.5mm D. 3.0mm

A. 1.5mm

If the doppler gain setting is too high, what might that waveform appear to display?

spectral broadening

What are the typical doppler sample locations in the carotid ultrasound?

proximal CCA, proximal ICA, distal ICA

List four steps involed when mapping a stenosis in the carotid arteries?

1. visualize the plaque 2.work the sample volume through the stenosis 3. record and measure the highest velocity 4. sample and record distal to a stenosis to detect turbulence

What two steps are needed to improve color flow throug a nearly occluded vessel?

decrease PRF & increase gain

In order to image the vertebral arteries, you would place your transducer inthe long. orientation and view the CCA. From there you would angle the probe more ______ in order to visualize the vertebral artery.

posteriorly

In the case of the left subclavian steal, the technologist may observe retrograde flow in the?

ipsilateral vertebral artery

What is the longest vein in the body?

greater sephenous vein

In the suspine individual, hydrostatic pressure at the level of the ankles is approximately?

0mmHg

The optimal patient position for imaging of the lower extremeity veins is?

suspine, reerse trendelenburg's postition

The veins of which area of the lower extemityhave been found to be difficult to compress, and the reverse technique must be used to visualize vein coaption?

distal thigh

Which type of lower extemity veins usually carry about 85% of the limb blood volume back to the heart?

deep

Which vein is also know as the femoral vein?

superficial femoral vein

T or F; Bifed/ duplicated femoral vein is NOT uncommon

True

T or F; deep veins have adjacent artery. Superficial veins do not?

True

Which veins pass through the fascial plane and have several valves to prevent retrograde venous flow?

perforator veins

What vein is formed from the confluence of the right and left common iliac veins?

IVC

Virchow's triad includes which three conditions?

stasis, vein wall injury, hypercoagulability

A condition resulting in a grossly swollen and cyanotic leg that is caused by iliofemoral venous thrombodsis is know as?

phlegmasia cerulea dolens

Traditionally, venous doppler waveforms have been displayed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. This is what will be expected on your scan assessment?

below baseline

Which of the following is usually a symptomof superficial thrombolphlebitis instead of DVT?

palpable cord

anually the incidence of DVT/'s in the us are estimated to be?

1-10 million cases

which isw an example of venous stasis? A. cancer B.thrombophilia C. very long airplane ride D.high dose estrogen RX

C. very long plane ride

Accorging to Daigle, if a patient hass all these symptoms for a DVT; persistent leg pain, persistent leg swelling, calf tenderness; then their chance of having a DVT is ?

50%

When performing compressions on the veins at the groin, the best image and best compression is obtained when the transducer is angled?

perpendicular to the skin

what vessels are present at the suphenofemoral junction?

superficial femoral artery, deep femoral artery, common femoral vein, great saphenous vein

If a thrombus is present in the GSV, what area is carefully evaluated to make sure there is no extension into the deep system.

saphenofemoral junction

A condition that presents as a severely swollen, blue, cool lower extremity is called:

phlegmasia cerulea dolens

Which of the following is not a symptom of acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? ## Footnote A. pain B. limb swelling C. increased temperature D. hyperpigmentation E. erythema

D. hyperpigmentation

Virchow's Triad includes trauma or endothelial change, venous stasis, and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. ## Footnote A. hypertension B. hyperactivity C. thrombophilia D. hypothryroidism E. hypercoagulability

E. hypercoagulability

A patient presents with a swollen right lower extremity. Duplex imaging demonstrates patency of the femoral, popliteal, and calf veins. However, Doppler at the common femoral level on the right is continuous, not changing with respiration, while Doppler of the left common femoral vein is phasic. These findings might suggest: ## Footnote A. Thrombosis of the profunda femoris vein B. Right iliac thrombosis C. Left iliac thrombosis D. Vena cava thrombosis E. This is not a diagnostically useful finding

B. Right iliac thrombosis

In the supine individual’s lower extremity during inspiration, venous blood flow is ______________ as a result of the increased intraabdominal pressure ## Footnote A. increased B. decreased C. unchanged

B. decreased

The examiner listens with CW Doppler to the superficial femoral vein at mid thigh and performs a calf compression. The compression maneuver augments the signal. This finding suggests: ## Footnote A. Deep vein thrombosis at the iliac level B. Deep vein thrombosis at the femoral level C. Deep vein thrombosis in the calf veins D. Valvular incompetence E. This is a normal finding.

E. This is a normal finding

Primary venous insufficiency is due to which of the following? ## Footnote A. post-phlebitic syndrome B. chronic venous obstruction C. reduced arterial inflow D. congenital absence or defects of valves E. absence of perforating veins

D. congenital absence or defects of valves

As you ask your patient to do a Valsalva maneuver, which flow characteristic do you normally expect to see? ## Footnote A. cessation of flow during the maneuver B. augmented flow when the patient relaxes and breathes normally C. increased flow as the patient bears down D. A and B E. B and C

A & B

The absence of respiratory phasicity in the proximal leg veins is suggestive of: ## Footnote A. obstruction inferior to the transducer B. extrinsic compression distally C. obstruction superior to the transducer D. normal findings

obstruction superior to the transducer

The primary concern involving patients with acute deep vein thrombosis is: ## Footnote A. possible venous valve damage B. lack of blood flow to the limb C. venous ulceration may form D. pulmonary embolism may occur E. rupture of the soleal sinuses

D. pulmonary embolism may occur

s you perform venous imaging on your next patient, you document this finding in the patient's popliteal fossa. The structure on the left of the image is LEAST likely to represent which of the following? 13, 14.docx 285 KB ## Footnote A. hematoma B. cyst C. sarcoma D. acute deep venous thrombosis E. ruptured Baker's cyst

Secondary varicose veins are due to: ## Footnote A. previous DVT B. congenital abnormalities C. protein c deficiency D. avalvular veins

A. previous DVT

On duplex imaging, which of the following would characterize the finding of a chronic DVT? ## Footnote A. thrombus is easily compressible B. thrombus is highly echogenic C. no evidence of venous insufficiency D. vessel may have increased diameter E. thrombus is isoechoic compared to the vessel being examined

B. thrombus is highly echogenic

The Valsalva maneuver: ## Footnote A. Increases pressure in the thoracic cavity, decreases pressure in the abdominal cavity B. Decreases pressure in the thoracic cavity, increases pressure in the abdominal cavity C. Slows down or stops venous flow everywhere in the body D. Increases venous flow everywhere in the body E. Affects arterial, not venous, flow

C. slows down or stops venous flow wverywhere in the body

A complication described as erythema, mild scaling, and brown discoloration of the skin is known as: ## Footnote A. lymphedema B. cellulitis C. stasis ulceration D. varicose veins E. stasis dermatitis

E. stasis dermatitis

The right and left common iliac veins confluence to form the: ## Footnote A. right and left external iliac veins B. right and left superficial femoral veins C. inferior vena cava D. aorta

C. IVC

The posterior tibial veins empty into the: ## Footnote A. anterior tibial veins B. peroneal veins C. popliteal vein D. tibioperoneal trunk

D. tibioperoneal trunk

The superficial femoral vein is the result of the: ## Footnote A. continuation of the popliteal vein B. continuation of the common femoral vein C. bifurcation of the common femoral artery D. bifurcation of the profunda femoral vein

A. continuation of the popliteal vein

The peroneal veins lie just above the ______ when viewed on the ultrasound image with the transducer on the medial aspect of the calf. ## Footnote A. interosseous septum B. intermuscular membrane C. tibia D. fibula

D. Fibula

The vein that is difficult to compress at the adductor hiatus is the: ## Footnote A. common femoral vein B. great saphenous vein C. popliteal vein D. femoral vein

D. femoral vein

Which of the following carries approximately 15% of the blood volume of the leg? ## Footnote A. great saphenous vein B. small saphenous vein C. femoral vein D. common iliac vein

A. great saphenous vein

The hydrostatic pressure present in the ankle of a person who is walking is approximately: ## Footnote A. 0 mmHg B. 10 mmHg C. 25 mmHg D. 80 mmHg

C. 25

Calculate the hydrostatic pressure at the ankle of an individual who is standing and measures 5 and a half feet from their heart to their ankle. ## Footnote A. 15 mmHg B. 121 mmHg C. 115 mmHg D. 210 mmHg

B. 121 mmHg

About how many cases of deaths from pulmonary emboli are present in the U.S. annually? ## Footnote A. 1-10 million B. 600,000 C. 200,000 D. less than 100,000

C. 200,000

If a patient has cancer, they are at risk of developing a DVT because of the associated \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. ## Footnote A. venous stasis B. hypercoagulability C. vein wall injury D. congestive heart failure

B. hypercoagulability

A thrombus in the great saphenous vein that does not extend into the common femoral vein is classified as a: ## Footnote A. deep venous thrombosis B. superficial thrombophlebitis C. superficial venous incompetence D. deep venous incompetence

B. superficial thrombophlebitis

Which of the following is NOT a typical Doppler sample site in a lower extremity venous evaluation? ## Footnote A. common femoral vein B. popliteal vein C. distal femoral vein D. proximal profunda femoral vein

D. proximal profunda femoral vein

A calf vein DVT would not cause a pulmonary embolism, and that is why not every lab will image the calf veins. ## Footnote A. true B. false

False

Which of the following is not a symptom of an acute DVT? ## Footnote A. local tenderness B. chronic leg heaviness C. limb warmth D. acute limb swelling

B . chronic leg heaviness

Which of the following is typical of chronic venous insufficiency? ## Footnote A. foot and ankle swelling B. ulceration C. leg heaviness D. chronic limb swelling E. all of the above are typical findings

E. all of above

On a patient, spontaneous and phasic flow is evident in the proximal femoral vein. Spontaneous, nonphasic flow is evident in the ipsilateral common femoral vein. This indicates obstruction in the: ## Footnote A. ipsilateral iliac veins B. ipsilateral mid femoral veins C. contralateral iliac veins D. ipsilateral proximal femoral vein

A. ipsilateral iliac veins

May-Thurner Syndrome refers to the condition where the _________________ compresses the left common iliac vein. ## Footnote A. left common iliac artery B. right common iliac vein C. left external iliac artery D. right common iliac artery

D. right common iliac artery

Which of the following is a characteristic of a chronic DVT? ## Footnote A. hypoechoic lumen B. dilated vein size C. dilated collaterals present D. vein larger than the artery

C. dilated collaterals present

The common femoral vein crosses the inguinal ligament to become the: ## Footnote A. femoral vein B. profunda femoral vein C. external iliac vein D. common iliac vein

C. external iliac vein

A duplicated femoral vein has demonstrated to be present in \_\_\_\_\_% of studies. ## Footnote A. 10 B. 20 C. 25 D. 30 E. 50

The great saphenous vein drains into the ____________ at the level of the saphenofemoral junction. ## Footnote A. common iliac vein B. external iliac vein C. common femoral vein D. superficial femoral vein

C. common femoral vein

Increased hydrostatic pressure leads to a/an ___________________ in venous distention and venous pooling. ## Footnote A. increase B. decrease C. no change

increase

If a vein with chronic DVT were to undergo recannalization, which of the following might result? ## Footnote A. resumption of flow through flow channels within the thrombus B. chronic venous insufficiency C. valve damage D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Which of the following is the MOST correct term for referring to an actual clot within a vessel? ## Footnote A. blood clot B. thrombophlebitis C. phlebitis D. thrombus E. thromboembolism F. thrombosis

D. Thrombus

D. congenital absence or defects of valves

Are you having fun studing all this bullshit?

No....Hell NO!!!!!

What is the effect of the calf motor pump on hydrostatic pressure? ## Footnote A. increases B. decreases C. no change

B. decreases

Secondary varicose veins are due to: ## Footnote A. previous DVT B. congenital abnormalities C. protein c deficiency D. avalvular veins

A. previous DVT

A. continuation of the popliteal vein

The vein that is difficult to compress at the adductor hiatus is the: ## Footnote A. common femoral vein B. great saphenous vein C. popliteal vein D. femoral vein

D. femoral vein

C. common femoral vein

Increased hydrostatic pressure leads to a/an ___________________ in venous distention and venous pooling. ## Footnote A. increase B. decrease C. no change

A. increase

D. all of the above

All of the following are vertebrobasilar symptoms except: ## Footnote A. syncope B. vertigo C. memory loss D. hemiplegia

D. hemiplegia

When attempting to obtain good color filling of a low-velocity vessel like the vertebral artery, what color controls may be adjusted in order to improve the color? ## Footnote A. decrease the scale; decrease the gain B. increase the scale; decrease the gain C. increase the scale; increase the gain D. decrease the scale; increase the gain

D. decrease the scale; increase the gain

According to the Consensus Panel- 2003, what is the ICA PSV for a stenosis of \<50%? ## Footnote A. \<125 cm/s B. \>125 cm/s C. 125-230 cm/s D. \>230 cm/s

A. \<125cm/s

In the case of a left subclavian steal, the technologist may observe retrograde flow in the: ## Footnote A. contralateral vertebral artery B. ipsilateral vertebral artery C. contralateral common carotid artery D. ipsilateral subclavian artery

B. ipsilateral vertebral artery

According to the Consensus Panel- 2003, an ICA PSV of 275 cm/s correlates with which percentage of stenosis? ## Footnote A. \<50% stenosis B. 50-69% stenosis C. ≥70% stenosis D. Occlusion

According to the Consensus Panel- 2003, an ICA EDV of 60 cm/s correlates to which degree of stenosis? ## Footnote A. \<50% stenosis B. 50-69% stenosis C. \>70% stenosis D. occlusion

According to the Consensus Panel- 2003, an ICA PSV of 115 cm/s correlates to which percentage of stenosis? ## Footnote A. \<50% stenosis B. 50-69% stenosis C. ≥70% stenosis D. occlusion

A. less than 50%

If a thrombus is present in the GSV, what area is carefully evaluated to make sure there is no extension into the deep system? ## Footnote A. saphenofemoral junction B. saphenopopliteal junction C. SFV-PFV confluence D. CFV-EIV confluence

A. saphenofemoral junction

Goodluck on the Test!!!!

Final Flashcards

(131 cards)