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sensation and perception > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

Transduction

A

conversion of environmental stimuli to electrical signals

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2
Q

focusing components of eyes

A

light enters eye; passes through cornea and lens (inside the eye)has muscles attached to it that accommodate

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3
Q

the 1st step of the perceptual process

A

any type of stimuli from the environment

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4
Q

amplitude

A

loudness

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5
Q

environmental stimui do they activate the same receptors

A

NO perceived movement

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6
Q

which one of the following is not a factor

A

depth

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7
Q

scene schema

A

in our environment if we dont think it belongs there we will think it will stand out

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8
Q

what is a monochromat?

A

a person who is truly colorblind (black and white only )

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9
Q

what we perceive is always correct

A

FALSE

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10
Q

azimuth

A

left to right of a sound wave

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11
Q

absolute threshold

A

the smallest amount of stimulus energy that can still be detected

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12
Q

sensitivity threshold

A

if your sound threshold is LOW (you can barely detect the sound at very low volumes), your sensitivity is HIGH

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13
Q

Excitatory

A

(depolarization) Increased positivity and thus chance of generating action potentials

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14
Q

Inhibitory

A

(hyperpolarization) Decreased positivity and thus chance of generating action potentials

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15
Q

how light enters the eye

A

enters through pupil, focused on retina by cornea and lens, retinal image is inverted

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16
Q

thalamus

A

area where signals pass through before going up to cortical area

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17
Q

Blindspot

A

located in the periphery, not consciously “looking: for it , brain perceptually “fills” in the area

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18
Q

the space between two neurons is called the

A

synapse or synaptic cleft

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19
Q

Intensity

A

how bright or how dark something is

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20
Q

saturation

A

how much gray or white is in the color, pastel vs rainbow

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21
Q

hue

A

how we think of color

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22
Q

rods and cones

A

cones are everywhere

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23
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

range of energy that radiates in the form of waves (vibrations of electric/magnetic fields)characterized by wavelength

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24
Q

Inhibition also influences neural circuits

A

signals from one neuron to the next can cause either excitatory or inhibitory responses in the next neuron depending on the type of neurotransmitter

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25
Q

what does the cornea do

A

cornea does most focusing and more curved than lens

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26
Q

lateral inhibition

A

lateral sending of inhibitory signal across the retina. That explains different visual illusions

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27
Q

neurons in V1

A

simple , complex, hypercomplex

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28
Q

receptive field

A

area in visual space (or on the retina) that influences the firing of the cell

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29
Q

Parietal lobe (monkey ablation)

A

Where/how , movement position, Dorsal pathway

30
Q

Temporal Lobe (monkey ablation)

A

What, form color of texture, ventral pathway

31
Q

Inferotemporal cortex

A

monkey

32
Q

Fusiforum Face Area

A

FFA human

33
Q

prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize familiar faces resulting from damage to FFA

34
Q

IT/FFA

A

respond best to faces as well as when context implies a face, complex shapes

35
Q

MT

A

responds best to motion , not color

36
Q

PPA

A

(parahippocampal) place area responds best to spatial layeout

37
Q

EBA

A

(Extrastriate body area)(temporal)responds best to pictures of full bodies and body parts

38
Q

experiment on house/face

A

greater activity in FFA when face was perceived & greater activity in PPA when house was perceived

39
Q

overt

A

directing our fovea ( eye movements)

40
Q

Covert

A

mental aspect, without eye movement

41
Q

saccadic eye movement

A

saccades (red lines) and fixations ( yellow dots)

42
Q

scene schemas

A

knowledge about what is contained in a typical scene can influence where you direct your attention ex: direction of stop signs at intersections

43
Q

Balint’s Syndrome

A

parietal lobe damage eg, patient RM- inability to focus on individual objects: illusory conjuctions occur freqeuntly even if stimuli are presented for long durations

44
Q

Blind walking experiment

A

people do this pretty well so maybe you dont need optic flow

45
Q

swinging room experiment

A

simulates self movement, the walls and ceiling swing to simulate self movement that you are moving through the environment so your sense of balance is very connected to vision

46
Q

Trichomatic theory

A

1.color vision depends on three neural mechanisms, each sensitive to different ranges of wavelengths of light 2. the pattern of responses of the 3 mechanisms is coded as color

47
Q

metameters

A

lights that are physically different but perceptually identical

48
Q

why is color vision not possible with one receptor type eg just rods?

A

because response /absorption is determined by 1.wavelength, & intensity

49
Q

Monochromat

A

only requires 1 wavelength in comparison to make a color match. Only rods no cones (grey world ‘color blind’ )

50
Q

Dichromat

A

only requires 2 wavelengths in comparison to make a color match , lacking one cone type, can see colors but certain colors are confused

51
Q

Anomalous trichromat

A

requires 3 wavelengths , but sets them at proportions that are different than normals , has all 3 cones, percept?

52
Q

parietal reach region

A

important for reaching and grasping

53
Q

Mirror neurons

A

provide information to help understand others actions

54
Q

Audiovisual mirror neurons

A

respond to characteristics of observed action

55
Q

mirror neurons is influenced by

A

experience

56
Q

Focus of Expansion (FOE)

A

direction of heading , self produced (self movement), invariant (available regardless of location )

57
Q

Organ of corti

A

outer hair cells extend and retract to amplify up-down motion 2. Inner hair cells ( d not touch tectorial membrane) bend from fluid vibrations

58
Q

Indirect sounds vs direct sounds

A

Indirect sounds(in a classroom or concert)) often reach your ears later than direct sounds( if you were outside), and at all different times but we usually perceive coherent (rather than multiple) sound sources

59
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

reside in the skin, respond to mechanical stimulation of the skin( ex: pressure, stretching, vibration) differ by structure, location, and response to stimuli

60
Q

Nociceptive pain

A

(nociceptors = pain receptors) warns the body of impending damage to skin/tissue

61
Q

Inflammatory pain

A

(chemicals activate nociceptors) damage to tissue , inflammation of joints/tumors

62
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

Lesions or other internal damage to the nervous system ( ex: neurons and nerve fibers) usually accompanied by neurological problems ex: paralysis)

63
Q

Gate control theory of pain

A

sensory and cognitive contributions, nociceptor pathway, mechanoreceptor, central control, transmission cell ( is not just what physically happens

64
Q

In the womb can the fetus see?

A

NO

65
Q

gymnast or a diver when they do a backflip

A

when they close their eyes they can’t do a backflip

66
Q

Inverse projection

A

problem that is show different things in your environment (same image into the retina)

67
Q

environmental stimuli do they activate the same receptors?

A

NO

68
Q

Akinetopsia

A

motion blindness, cannot perceive motion in their visual field despite being able to see stationary objects

69
Q

If someone has deuteranopia they are missing ?

A

the medium wavelengths code

70
Q

Auditory system

A

deliver sound,stimulus to receptors, transduce stimulus from pressure to electrical signals, process the signals ( pitch & location)

71
Q

binocular rivalry

A

is a phenomenon of visual perception in which perception alternates between different images presented to each eye

72
Q

point light walker

A

are coordinating moving dots that simulate biological motion in which each dot represents specific joints of a human performing an action

sensation and perception (1 decks)

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