Final Flashcards
What are some shapes of skin lesions
Annular (ring like with central clearing), nummular (coin like - no central clearing)
What is acrochordons
Skin tags; fibroepithelial polyps; small skin colored or brown
What is lipodermatosclerosis
Inflammation of adipose blow skin secondary to chronic venous insufficiency; tender with erythema and hyperpigmentation - progresses to sclerosis
What is pityriasis rosea
Scaly pink or flesh colored herald lesion followed by eruption of discrete oval erythematous sccaly plaques and patches along skin cleavage lines; spares face palms and soles
What do illness scripts do
Allow for pattern recognition of epidemiological features, inform hx taking based on contextual patterns identified, enhance integration of new clinical knowledge with prior knowledge, improve diagnostic efficiency and accuracy
What is T vs Z score in DEXA
T score - diagnosis of osteoporosis
Z score - compare patients BMD to population of peers
Which bone tumor has a soap bubble appearance on XR
Giant cell
What is the progression of hematogenous osteomyelitis
Exudate within marrow -> increased intramedullary pressure -> extension of exudate into cortex -> rupture of periosteum -> interruption of periosteum blood supply -> necrosis -> sequestration
How does RA differ from arthralgia due to parvovirus B19
Latter- sx dont last more than 2 weeks, patient will present with fever
What is a complication of pagets
Increased risk of high output heart failure secondary to av shunts
What would you see on plain film for osteitis fibrosis cystica
Subperiosteal bone resorption at radial aspect of middle phalanges, tapering of distal clavicles, salt and pepper appearance of skull, bone cysts, brown tumors of the long bones
How do you treat pagets
Oral aledronate, vit D and calcium
What is the preferred imaging for bone mets
99Tc-MDP
What is the most common form of BCC
Nodular
Which kind of SCC are less aggressive
Those arising from actinic keratoses
What is the distribution of SCC
Scalp, backs of hands, superior surface of pinna *rarely find BCC here
What is acral lentiginous melanoma
Most common in darkly pigmented individuals; occurs on palms and soles, mucosa, in nail beds
What is erythroplasia of queyrat
Bowen dz of glans penis or vulva
What is the normal rate of speech
> 100; <50 is abnormal
What is Jamais vu
Eeriness; feeling like they’ve been there before; assoc with aphasia, amnesia, epilepsy
What is circumferential thought
Patient goes through multiple related thoughts before answering a questions
What is tangential thought process
Listens to question and begins discussing related thoughts but never answers
What is circumlocution
Use of many words where fewer would do
what are anti inflammatory foods
Olive oil, tomatoes, nuts, leafy greens, fatty fish (salmon and mackerel), fruit
What increases after yoga session
Gamma aminobutyric acid in Brain
What is the use of peppermint
Stops spasms; used for upset stomach, cramping, gas, bloating, heart palp (under nose), bug and ant repellent
What is prolotherapy
Injection, repairs weak and painful joints; increases GF; indicated for MSK pain > 8 weeks
What is wolfs law
Bone responds to stress by making new bone
What is little league elbow
Medial apophysitis (childhood), medial epicondyle avulsion fracture (adolescence), medial collateral lig tear (young adult)
What are the borders of the snuffbox
Medial: ex pollicis longus
Lateral: ext pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus
Proximal: radial stolid process
What are the inflammation sites of dequarvain
Tendon sheath, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
What are the diff fractures
Monteggia: proximal ulna with dislocation of radial head
Galeazzi: distal radius with dislocation of ulna
Nightstick: isolated fracture of midshaft of ulna
What is the daily caloric expenditure for healthy kids
- <10 kg: 100 kcal/kg
- > 10 - 20 kg: 1000 kcal for first 10 kg + 50 kcal/kg
- > 20-80: 1500 kcal for first 20 kg + 20 kcal/kg
- > 80: 2700 kcal/day
What is the holiday segar rule
Measures maintenance hourly fluid requirements:
- <10 kg: 4mL/kg/hr; 100 mL/kg/day
- 10-20: 40 mL + 2mL/kg for every kg>10 hourly; daily 1000 mL + 50mL/kg/day for every kg>10
- > 20: 60mL + 1 mL/kg or every kg >20 kg hourly; daily 1500 + 20 mL/kg/day
How much fluid is in a bolus for kids
10-20 cc
