FINAL

Question 1

Referred to an unstructured (less structured in comparison to the community, no feeling of hierarchy) state in which all members of a community are equal usually allowing them to share a common experience, usually through a rite of passage. characteristic of people experiencing liminality together.

Answer 1

Communitas

Question 2

The combination of different beliefs and practices resulting from interaction between two or more different cultures or groups. Example - Early anthropologists were very interested in early African conversion to Christianity.

Answer 2

Syncretism

Question 3

the use of spells, incantations, words, and actions in an attempt to compel supernatural forces to act in certain ways (according to Guest)
Imitative: i.e. pin in doll
Contagious: something belonging to target such as hair or nail clippings

Answer 3

Magic

Question 4

has a special understanding of supernatural forces and ability to connect with them, to do magic (qualities include memory, stamina, charisma, mental illness, ability)

Answer 4

Shaman

Question 5

more bureaucratic, prophets are more charismatic

Answer 5

priest

Question 6

Holy according to a group. It comes from Emile Durkheim theory about religion. Holy versus profane. Not just limited to religion but to all aspects of society.

Answer 6

sacred

Question 7

Unholy, Secular. Not only religion but other groups can be

Answer 7

profane

Question 8

solidarity that comes through a goal that has been achieved. Emile Durkheim invented this term and he thought that a community or society may at times come together and simultaneously communicate the same thought and participate in the same action. Example - religion, sports.

Answer 8

collective effervescence

Question 9

It is a quality of shamans. It is a concept from Max Weber. It is one of the three main forms of political legitimacy.

Answer 9

charisma

Question 10

according to Tanya Luhrmann, the ways in which people had sensory experiences in the context of religious rituals

Answer 10

absorption scale

Question 11

Turner discusses different periods of separation, marginal (liminal), and aggregation; often discussed within the contexts of rite of passage

Answer 11

liminality

Question 12

is a thing that signifies something else. Example - the cross, flags, brands. It instills a form of emotional response to those who are concerned with that symbol. Language is one of the most important cultural

Answer 12

symbol

Question 13

changes a person’s status; illustrates the performative power of words; 3 stages are separation, liminality, aggregation/reintegration; i.e. speech act illustrates how the magical power of words can transform someone’s social status

Answer 13

rite of passage

Question 14

It is a form of violence performed and produced through the specific treatment of corpses that is perceived to be offensive, and inhumane. It is the fact that not being able to properly retrieve the corpses from the Sonoran Desert and to pay respect to the corpses dehumanizes the form of violence that the migrants go through.

Answer 14

necroviolence

Question 15

along ethnic and kin networks

Answer 15

chain migration

Question 16

revolving loan funds

Answer 16

remittances

Question 17

DIFFERENT TYPES INCLUDE political, war, environmental, economic

Answer 17

refugees

Question 18

a network of different actors acting together to cause some effect. Jason De Leon used it in his book to describe how all the factors such as the weather, the vast desert, the structural violence come together to deter the migrants from crossing the desert.

Answer 18

hybrid collectif

Question 19

promotes a new way of relaying information, especially about how communities are represented; communicates at a different level and register than written ethnographies, almost relaying a partnership and collaboration of progress

Answer 19

photoethnography

Question 20

originally known as “the study of the “East” but after 1979 Edward Said broke it down because it constructed the “East” as the “other”, we are the enlightened and they are the barbaric

Answer 20

Orientalism

Question 21

response to structuralism, looking at society as a body, “what function does a practice serve?”, everything supposedly has a function; often a way for anthropologists to explain concepts that do not align with their values or logic

Answer 21

functionalism

Question 22

global intensification of interactions & increased movement of money, people, goods & ideas

Answer 22

globalization

Question 23

Strong human tendency to believe their own culture is normal & superior

Answer 23

ethnocentrism

Question 24

understanding a group’s beliefs or practices within their own cultural context without judgment

Answer 24

cultural relativism

Question 25

the scientific description of the customs of individual peoples and cultures.

Answer 25

ethnography

Question 26

A system of knowledge, beliefs, patterns of behavior, artifacts & institutions that are created, learned & shared by a group of people - manual for understanding & interacting with the world around us

Answer 26

culture

Question 27

the phenomenon in which race is correlated with environmental risk due to the entrenchment of structural violence in the system, think about food deserts typically existing in environmentally affected areas with minority groups and poor neighborhoods, Standing Rock pipeline

Answer 27

environmental racism

Question 28

oil pipeline was originally going to go through an affluent white neighborhood in North Dakota but now goes through the reservation, threatens the safety and purity of the water supplies of the Sioux Nation of North Dakota, clear example of environmental racism

Answer 28

Standing Rock

Question 29

a gas leak incident the Union Carbide India Limited pesticide plant in Madhya Pradesh, India; considered to be the world’s worst industrial disaster; created deadly fog; mishandling led to deaths of rather impoverished villages

Answer 29

Bhopal

Question 30

Obtaining goods or services from an outside or foreign supplier especially in place of an internal source. Common in Capitalism. Example- producing Iphones in different parts of the world for cheap labor.

Answer 30

outsourcing

Question 31

the identity of a different ethnic group. It includes the role of language, clothes, and food. States also play a huge role in maintaining it such as ID cards. =contextual.

Answer 31

ethnicity

Question 32

This is in the case of drone operators. It refers to the ease to kill someone that is far away from you and someone whom you are not emotionally attached to; Grossman’s book says the farther away you are, the easier and less impactful it is for you to kill. Yet, at the same time, you have to consider what Gusterson writes about drone technology’s casualty reports, seeing symbols and signs, PTSD by being in the same environment of your daily life after you kill someone, etc. You are distant and close up at the same time

Answer 32

remote intimacy

Question 33

unified systems of beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community
Collective effervescence. Religion = solidarity. Functionalism. He thought religion could keep a turmoiled France together.
Makes distinctions between secular and religious, discusses the repetitive nature of rituals and how they foster community through the “collective effervescence”
Argues that religion expresses symbolic unity (or fission of society)

Answer 33

Emile Durkheim

Question 34

Detention and Deportation of Minors in U.S. Immigration Custody.

Answer 34

Margaret Mead

Question 35

rationalism and secularism
Idealism. Religion prevented India and China from going capitalist. The protestant ethic and spirit of capitalism. He saw magic in evolutionary terms. Magic > charisma > code. Capitalism first evolved in Catholic cities in Europe.
Opposite of Marx, far more idealistic, “ideas drive history”

Answer 35

Max Weber

Question 36

Religion is the opium of the people. It is the sigh of the oppressed people. Religious suffering is the expression of real suffering. Religion extracts them from the daily exploitation.

Answer 36

Karl Marx

Question 37

Modern capitalism produces wealth but also a risk society. There is a struggle of wealth distribution that also produced pollution and more risk. There is a pattern of pollution and minorities take most share of the damage

Answer 37

Ulrich Beck