Final Flashcards
Migraines
Lateraling? Character Patient Appearance Duration Associated symptoms
Unilateral, children bilateral Gradual onset, worse with activity Likes dark places 4-72 hours Nausea,vomit,photophobia
Tension headache
Lateraling Character Appearance Duration Associated
Bilateral
Pressure/tightness waxing/waning
Stays active
30min -7 days
No associated symptoms
Cluster
Lateraling Characteristics Appearance Duration Associated symptoms
Unilateral around eye/temple Quick crescendo, excruciating Stays active 15min-3 hours Eyes, nose, facial deficits/symptoms
Occipital neuralgia
Unilateral generally
Starts in back where neck meets skull
Trauma/pinching nerves/tumors
Massage, NSAID, muscle relaxants
Dix-Halpike
Maneuver to test BPPV
Turn head 45, lay down for 30 mins
Repeat other direction
BPPV
Loose canaliths in semicircular canal
Common 50-70 years, or trauma
Treat Epley maneuver and Brandt-Doff
No meds, don’t need further testing if all else normal.
Most common vertigo
Vestibular neuritis
2nd most common, possible virus cause
Age 30-50
Objective Rotary vertigo
Horizontal nystagmus opposite side
Falling same side
Medications (anti-emetic, histamine,benzodiazepines) to treat
Meniere disease
Hearing loss, possible tinnitus
Age 20-60
So severe needs bed rest
Vestibular migraine
Episodic vertigo with history migraines
Kids-this is most common vertigo
Adult-more women, 20-50, family history
Stress relief, sleep/exercise,meds to block migraine
Resting tremor
In relaxed body parts
Enhanced by stress, focus on other things
Eliminated with voluntary movement of that limb
Action tremor (3 types)
Postural- tremor when maintaining position against gravity
Isometric tremor- when contracting against stationary target(Making fist)
Kinetic- when voluntarily moving that limb (intention)
Enhanced physiologic tremor
Everyone has one.
May be enhanced by stress, meds, metabolic conditions, coffee, fatigue
Essential tremor
Most common
Common hands, head, feet, voice
Generally bilateral
Age61-69
Caffeine/fatigue increase tremor
Alcohol decreases
Parkinsonism tremor
Generally from meds blocking dopamine
70% Parkinson patients have tremor,
Can remove with intention
“Pill-rolling”
Bradykinesia, small steps
Cerebellar tremor
Low frequency postural tremor,
MS related(plaques, stroke, tumor)
Psychogenic tremor
Abrupt onset, spontaneous remission,
changing tremor position
Worse with attention, decrease with distraction
Parkinson’s disease
Tremor, slow movements, decrease dexterity,
Soft voice, facial weakness,
Depression, slow thinking,
Autonomic dysfunction(constipated, sweating)
Older Child vaccines
Meningococcal
HPV
Live Attentuated vaccines
5
MMR Varicella Rotavirus Infkuenze(nasal spray) Herpes Zoster
Toxoid vaccines(2)
What it mean?
Tetanus, diphtheria
Only include part that is most immunogenic(not whole microbe)
Conjugate vaccines(7)
What does conjugate mean?
Antigen added to a carrier protein to increase immune response
Meningococcal pneumococcal haemophikus Infkuenze B Hepatitis B Infkuenze(injection) HPV Pertussis(whooping cough)
Inactive/killed vaccine
Hepatitis A
Polio
Rabies
Lacto-ovo-vegetarian Lacto-vegetarian Ovo -vegetarian Vegan Raw vegan Pescatarian
Milk, eggs, veggie Milk veggie Egg veggie No animal products No cooking foods Seafood and veggies
Other sources
Calcium
Vitamin D
Calcium- dark leafy green, tofu, broccoli, beans
Vitamin D - mushrooms, tofu
Vegans deficient in what vitamin
B12- cobalamin
Sodium laws
Sodium free Very low sodium Low sodium Reduced sodium Light sodium No salt added
Free- less than 5mg
Very low- less than 35
Low- less than 140
Reduced- 25% less than original
Light- 50% less
Unsalted- none added(but naturally will contain some)
Fat laws
Fat free
Low fat
Reduced fat
Trans fat free
Free- less than 0.5g
Low- less than 3g
Reduced fat- 25% less than regular
Trans fat free- less than 0.5g
Heme iron vs non Heme
What increase iron absorption?
What decreases?
Heme- meat products, easily absorbed
Non-Heme- plants- poor absorbed
Calcium- decreases absorption
Vit C- increase absorption
Fat soluble vitamins?
Water soluble?
A
D
E
K
B
C
Best sources
A D E K C Calcium Iron
A- eggs,dairy, meat, leafy green, tomato
D- fish, egg, mushroom, “fortified…..”
E- seeds,fish,
K- leafy green, fruit,dairy
C- fruit/veggie
Calcium- dairy, dark green veggie, tofu, beans
Iron- dark leafy, nut/seeds, beans, meat,
B vitamin sources 1 2 3 6 9 12
1- legumes, grain, pork, 2- dairy, meat, leafy green 3- meat,fish,legumes 6- animal, veggie, grain 9(folate)- veggies, fruit, grain, nuts 12- MEAT/DAIRY ONLY
Metabolic Roles of nutrients
Vit A
D
E
K
C
B
Cal
Iron
A- vision, development
D- bone and calcium
E- antioxidants
K- blood clotting
C- antioxidant, collagen, neurotransmitter
B- mitochondria/DNA functioning/metabolism
Cal- muscles, bone
Iron- hemoglobin, cytochromes
