Final

Question 1

Phenotype

Answer 1

The observable characteristics from the genotype + environmental interactions

Question 2

proximate answer

Answer 2

the immediate mechanistic cause of a phenomenon (i.e. how the trait developed, so basically HOW it happens)

Question 3

ultimate answer

Answer 3

the reason that a trait or phenomenon is thought to have evolved. (i.e. why the trait was developed, potentially so they can compete with other mates)

Question 4

intraspecific interactions

Answer 4

within members of a single species

Question 5

interspecific interactions

Answer 5

interactions between DIFFERENT species

Question 6

types of interactions

Answer 6

commensalism (+,0) - one benefits, while the other is unbothered.
ammensalism (-,0) deer eats beetle, doesn’t impact deer but kills beetle
cooperative (+,+)
competitive (-,-)
exploitative (+,-)

Question 7

interspecific interactions

Answer 7

an example of exploitative: parasitism: a parasite lives on one organism, which results in harm to them, but not to the parasite.

Question 8

how to determine the distribution of species?

Answer 8

dispersal, climate (seasonal variation, temperature, and humidity).
resource distribution, (habitat, producers, prey).
different species (competition, and predation).

Question 9

how is the success in an environment determined?

Answer 9

It is determined by survival, and reproductive success. and all the other factors above, except for dispersal. animals disperse, independent of success probability;.

Question 10

what is a niche?

Answer 10

a niche refers to a physical habitat in which a species is found. The function or role a species plays in its community is important to its niche. In addition, the resources a species uses, and the combination of abiotic factors and biotic factors are important.

Question 11

niche differentiation

Answer 11

how competing organisms inhabit different niches by location, time of year, resources and how they use the resources in different ways.

Question 12

types of niches

Answer 12

fundamental niche- has full range of resources a species can tolerate in the absence of competitors. This is the ideal condition for an organism
realized niche- range of resources a species can use in the presence of competitors. A species is a better competitor if it can fully occupy both its realized and fundamental niche.

Question 13

organismal ecology

Answer 13

how individuals interact with each-other and their physical environment. This type of ecology explores morphological, physiological and behavioural adaptions that allow them to live in a particular area.

Question 14

population ecology

Answer 14

a population is a group of species that live in the same area. This type of ecology studies how the number of individuals change in a population over time.

Question 15

community ecology

Answer 15

consists of species that interact with each other within a particular area. Focuses on the nature of those interactions, and the consequences.

Question 16

ecosystem ecology

Answer 16

an extension of all three ecologies. An ecosystem consists of all living/non-living organisms. At each ecosystem level, biologists study how nutrients and energy move among organisms.