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Political Parties > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

German political history

A

Decentralized HRE –> Austria and Prussia dominant –> German Empire –> Weimar –> Reich –> West/East Germany –> German Republic today

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2
Q

German political culture

A

Was once highly deferent but now both West and East are more participatory
Somewhat apathetic, more post-materialistic than other countries
Consensus-oriented, few violent protests, supportive of democracy

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3
Q

German ideology

A 
Very centrist on economic and split on social but not extreme
Little class and gender voting, lots of female politicians via party list, no referendums and moderate religious voting for the right
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4
Q

German electoral system

A

High turnout, every 4 years for Bundestag
Two votes, one to choose 299 candidates and one for 299 party appointees off party list (PR vote) –> second one is what matters
PR leads to coalitions but Germany handles well, also 5% vote threshold and district MPs
Upper house appointed by state govs

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5
Q

Recent German elections

A

SDU strong in early 2000s, CDU/SDU coalition from 2005-Present, recently far right has become more prevalent

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6
Q

German CDU Party

A

Christian Democratic Alliance, used to be the Catholic Center in Weimar but embraced Protestants post-war
Mixed economy and socially conservative
Partners with smaller CSU (more socially conservative) and appeals to centrists generally
Principles: federalism, class solidarity, moral individualism, decentralization
Supports EU and three major Chancellors (Adenauer, Kohl, Merkel) part of Party

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7
Q

German SDP

A

Center left Party, used to be Marxist party in 19th century, but moderated in Weimar and split from Communists
Became Communists in East, centrist in West which has led many left voters to support Greens
In office 1998-2005 under Schroeder but done poorly recently

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8
Q

German Free Democratic Party

A

Neoliberal party, gets about 5-15% of vote and often joins coalition governments

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9
Q

German Green Party

A

Formed out of left advocates and SDP supporters in 1970s, has started to moderate but generally critical of nuclear power, materialism, supports environmentalism
Was governing partner in SDP coalition 1998-2005

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10
Q

German AfD

A

Anti-immigration and EU, picked up steam in refugee crisis and led by Alexander Gauland

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11
Q

Why far right not typically big in Germany

A

Can be banned if seen as too extreme, 5% threshold, CDU/CSU big tent, post-war economic success = not as disgruntled

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12
Q

German PDS/The Left

A

Party of Democratic Socialism, appeals to displaced Eastern Germans
Not Marxist, union with The Left in 2005 has given more support in recent years

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13
Q

German interest groups

A

Strong labor and business groups

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14
Q

German executive

A

Ceremonial President who is selected by Bundestag and states, 5 year term with 2 term limit. Only power is appointing Chancellor (only if Bundestag rejects leader with most seats and cannot come up with replacement)

PM names cabinet and has staff, can call election if Bundestag agrees by majority

Cabinet 15-19 people heading government departments, usually MPs. No ministerial responsibility which lies on the Chancellor

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15
Q

German legislative

A

Bundestag 709 MPs for 4 year terms, low key debate and lots of consensus with many bills passed 100%, usually doesn’t initiate bills
Strong committees, no confidence vote is simple majority (must have replacement though)

Bundesrat is 69 state government appointed officials, only holds hard veto power over bills that affect states, also makes lots of amendments in joint committee with Bundestag

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16
Q

German judiciary

A

Strong, 16 judges chosen by upper and lower houses

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17
Q

German civil service

A

Non-elitist, non-partisan and careerist

Radicals banned in 1970s law and federal service smaller than states

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18
Q

German federalism

A

16 Laender (states) in constitution including 3 “city states”
Not too much power, only mainly education, police, culture, local govs but has input via Bundesrat
Some equalization payments, most taxes taken by gov and distributed to states (in between centralized and decentralized)

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19
Q

German local governments

A

Jurisdiction varies state by state, number reduced in 1960s

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20
Q

Russian political culture

A

Historically very deferent but a few signs that becoming more participant
Well informed but fairly apathetic, weak post-materialism
In state of transition probably
Moderate turnout around 50-65%, voters volatile and fairly fair elections

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21
Q

Russian ideology

A

Marxism still supported by a fair amount of population, far right has slight support
Growing support for center, strong welfare state but still capitalism
Nationalistic

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22
Q

Russian elections

A

Duma elections every 5 years by 5% threshold PR, President every 6 years in two ballot runoff, Federation Council appointed by states

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23
Q

United Russia party

A

Based around Putin, created 2000 and largest party

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24
Q

Communist Party

A

Successor to USSR Communists, led by Zyuganov and supported by poor and elderly
Has been supportive of Putin and has moderated somewhat

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25
Q

Russian Liberal Democrats

A

Far right party led by Zhirinovsky, wants right wing authoritarian government, anti-immigrant and anti-West

26
Q

A Just Russia party

A

Social democratic but has inner leadership and image problems, did best in 2011 with 64 seats

27
Q

Russian interest groups

A

Large labor unions and oligarch-controlled economic groups that have been embedded in post-USSR Russia

28
Q

Russian executive

A

President is Head of State and Gov, elected every 6 years and appoints PM with Duma approval
Has great majority of power, can serve for two consecutive terms and come back after break

29
Q

Russian PM

A

PM selects Cabinet and can initiate legislation but in reality mostly beholden to President in both regards in Putin era

30
Q

Russian legislative

A

450 MP Duma with 5 year terms, can initiate leg and give impeach Pres
Approves appointments, can override veto and has powerful committees, lively debates

Federation Council of 170 MP appointed 2 each from 85 states, can impeach and remove judges, veto and amend bills but Duma can override with 2/3 vote
Approves use of military on foreign soil, quite pro-Kremlin

31
Q

Russian judiciary

A

19 judges selected by President and technically has judicial review but not used much

32
Q

Russian federalism

A

85 federal units + 3 federal cities as well as various other territories, regions, etc of lower class
Has become very centralized under Putin with regional governments becoming pro-Kremlin
Problems with some regions like Chechnya, Crimean integration
Weak local governments

33
Q

Mexican political history

A

From 1917-Present, has had liberal constitution but in practice corrupt with strong presdients under PRI
Recently has democratized more but still problems with crime, wealth gap, fragile economy

34
Q

Mexican political culture

A

Historically deferent but recently more participant and growing political awareness
Might be growing post-materialism as idea of supportive state is strong
Growing voter volatility as voter fraud and intimidation on part of PRI decrease

35
Q

Mexican ideology

A

Stronger collectivism and notions of family and community

36
Q

Mexican ideology

A

Stronger collectivism and notions of family and community

37
Q

Mexican legislative

A

Chamber of Deputies 500 members (300 FPTP, 200 PR) with cap of 300 seat majority, 2% PR threshold
Passes laws but has been weak until recently,

Senate 128 members to represent 32 states, mostly FPTP but 32 PR members
Can remove President with 2/3 vote but also rubber stamp until recently

38
Q

Mexican PRI

A

Institutional Revolutionary Party, founded in 1929 and until recently got 60-90% of vote in all elections
Factional with agrarians, labor, populists
Recently more market oriented, used to support Mexican corporatism (public ownership)
Has had to clean up inner structure and corrupt image in recent years

39
Q

Mexican PAN

A

National Action Party, center right, market based and pro-US with wealthy support
President 2000-2012 but support falling recently

40
Q

Mexican PRD

A

Party of Democratic Revolution, main left party and successor of Communists but more moderate recently with falling support in recent years

41
Q

Mexican PT

A

Labour Party, fairly weak and more left than PRD

42
Q

Mexican PVEM

A

Ecologist Green, fairly weak and committed to environmental politics

43
Q

Mexican Morena

A

National Regeneration Movement, led by former PRD leader Obrador
Left populist, not openly socialist and won 2018 elections

44
Q

Mexican interest groups

A

Strong interest groups with formal and informal access, crime cartels challenge state
Strong farmer’s interests

45
Q

Mexican executive

A

One term president who selects cabinet, can introduce legislation and rule by executive order

46
Q

Mexican judiciary

A

21 judge Supreme Court appointed by Pres and approved by Senate, has judicial review

47
Q

Mexican bureaucracy

A

Powerful but cut back recently, filled with lots of PRI appointees so will see what happens with different leaders

48
Q

Mexican federalism

A

32 states with governors who have been PRI beholden until recently, starting to decentralize and has vocal local govs

49
Q

Nigeria political history

A

1999-Present new constitution under President Obasanjo who promises liberal democracy, but still religious and tribal tensions and corruption

50
Q

Nigerian political culture

A

Fragmented and tribal, some growing participation but also still strong deference, weak post-materialism
Moderate (50% turnout) and fairly corrupt voting historically

51
Q

Nigerian ideology

A

Islamic conservative in North with Islamic law being introduced in some states for Muslims, strong traditionalism but growing support for democracy

52
Q

Nigerian elections

A

Every 4 years for President, House and Senate all FPTP

President must win 25% of vote in 24 or more out of 36 states and VP must be from different state

53
Q

Nigerian PDP

A

People’s Democratic Party, centrist (socially conservative / fiscally liberal) and led by Goodluck Jonathan who lost 2015 elections

54
Q

Nigerian APC

A

All Progressive Congress created by merger of APP (conservative, northern All People’s Party), AC (pro-democratic, Yoruba based Action Congress) and CPC (Buhari’s center left) in 2015 as centrist opposition party under Buhari, won big

55
Q

Nigerian interest groups

A

Big groups to appease are military, oil industry (with some foreign actors)

56
Q

Nigerian executive

A

President Head of State and Gov, chooses cabinet and can initiate bills through party, appoints gov officials
2 consecutive 4 year terms
Unwritten tradition to alternate between Muslim and Christian but was broken by Jonathan

57
Q

Nigerian legislative

A

360 MP House that creates laws, overrides veto with 2/3 vote
109 MP senate that is supposed to represent state interests but still elected with House with which it shares similar powers

58
Q

Nigerian judiciary

A

15 member Supreme Court that is fairly new with judicial review, Pres appoints and Senate approves

59
Q

Nigerian bureaucracy

A

Relatively local and trying to root out corruption

60
Q

Nigerian bureaucracy

A

Relatively local and trying to root out corruption

61
Q

Nigerian federalism

A

States are powerful and discourage national unity, cater to tribalism
History of military ignoring tribal spirit, will see what future brings

Political Parties (2 decks)

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