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1
Q

Common Grace definition. How does it relate to the layers of the law?

A

It relates to the second layer of the law: Restriction. Part of God’s Grace to the world is the concept of law. The idea that laws help people be safe. This is grace because it Is restricting evil.

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2
Q

Compassionate Absolutism

A

Compassionate even though you believe in right and wrong. You love the sinner and not the sin.

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3
Q

Is morality legislated? Should it be? To what degree is it possible?

A

Yes, it is legislated. All legislation is an expression of the majorities morality.

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4
Q

Who is Alvin Toffler?

A

The person who predicted the technology wave. He said, “We should not let morality get in the way of technology.”

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5
Q

Ellie Wiesel quote

A

Ambiguity aids evil

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6
Q

Do states have the right to create their own laws different from the federal government?

A

Yes, as long as it doesn’t go against the US constitution.

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7
Q

Why will there be more biological war in the future?

A

Yes. Biological warfare doesn’t destroy property, it just destroys you.

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8
Q

Who is protecting Taiwan from Chinese invasion?

A

United States of America

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9
Q

The three positions on war and proponents.

A

Loyalism/Activism: “If my country goes, I go.” (Plato)
Pacifism: No war at all. (Gustavo Gutierrez)
Just War: Fight a defensive war only if necessary. (Alvin York)

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10
Q

What is the only crime since 1964 for which states have executed people in the state courts?

A

Murder

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11
Q

How many criteria are there for Augustine’s ideas on just war?

A

8

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12
Q

Star Wars and the future of warfare.

A

Star Wars Initiative = a military defense program by Ronald Reagan that was supposed to make nuclear weapons obsolete; satellites shoot down missiles

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13
Q

Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson and the poll tax

A

Poll tax = the tax that was placed upon citizens of the United States to fight the Mexican war. Emerson visits Thoreau in jail because he refused to pay the tax. Emerson asked, “Henry, what are you doing in there?” To which Henry responds, “The question is: What are you doing out there? This is where all righteous (good) people are when unrighteous (evil) governments prevail.”

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14
Q

Critiques of the death penalty in relation to race, I.Q.

A

The majority of people who are executed are lower IQ, lower class, in the minority, etc. People of color are much more likely to get the death penalty and people who are poorer because they cannot afford better lawyers.

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15
Q

Is the death penalty a deterrent? Arguments on each side?

A

Arguments for: God has established government, it provides deterrent ·If it is visible and immediate, then it is less likely to incite copy-cats.
Arguments against: The cost of a life term in prison is far less expensive than executing a person · If you’re a psychopath the fear of the death penalty won’t matter, and it becomes a consideration of risk and reward

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16
Q

Alvin York-who is he?

A

The marksman (person skilled in shooting) who was a “pacifist” turned “just war” proponent. He captured over 130 german soldiers because of his ability to shoot. He was so good at shooting that the germans thought they were surrounded and surrendered.

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17
Q

Gustavo Gutierrez – who is he?

A

“Just war” turned “pacifist” proponent.

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18
Q

of capital crimes in O.T.

A

21

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19
Q

Does it cost more to put someone to death in the U.S. than incarceration? Why?

A

People who are incarcerated are often released early.

Because of super due process, you must pay lawyers lots of money.

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20
Q

Are innocent people put to death in the U.S.? How do we know? Should we stop all capital punishment for the sake of the innocent?

A

Yes, innocent people are put to death. Evidence occasionally shows up after it is too late. Arguing no (we should not stop all capital punishment) would be arguing utilitarianism.
Utilitarianism = greatest good for the greatest number of people

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21
Q

What is super due process?

A

A very slow process (appeal after appeal, lots of time between appeals) that allows for the collection of all evidence to assure someone innocent isn’t receiving capital punishment.

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22
Q

Does the federal government execute people? For what crime were the Rosenbergs executed?

A

Yes, for treason. Rosenbergs sold nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union and were executed because of it.

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23
Q

What is total war and what are the arguments for and against total war?

A

Total war = when everyone is involved in the war efforts; total annihilation
Arguments for: the war is ended quickly through quick surrender + although civilians are being killed, less people are dying because our countries soldiers aren’t being put in danger
Arguments against: you are intentionally killing innocent people (woman and children not signed up for war)

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24
Q

Why do gangs give guns to underage children?

A

A minor cannot get the death penalty.

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25
What is the problems with legal defense of capital crimes as it relates to poverty?
If you are poor, you cannot afford a quality lawyer. You are provided with one by the country who does not have as much expertise or time. 90% of people charged with murder lack the funds to hire an attorney.
26
Explain the concepts implicit in behavioral modification and deterrence as they relate to capital punishment.
Immediacy = how fast someone is punished after committing the crime Death punishment must assume soon after the crime so that the event is fresh in your mind. People will correlate the penalty to the crime and are less likely to commit that crime.
27
Karl Barth’s quote on the church and state.
“The church is a voice crying out in the wilderness. ‘Prepare the way of the Lord!’ Whether anybody listens or not, is not our responsibility. Our responsibility is to shout out, ‘Prepare the way of the Lord!’”
28
Dr. Davis’ definition of lust. How does Luke 4:1-4 enter into this definition? Why is mental realization of an object of temptation not considered lust? Why does the definition make sense in relation to Matt. 5:27?
Lust = the choice that is made after the mental presentation. In order for a temptation to be a temptation, it must be tempting. We have ideas pop in our head from Satan and from our genes; the mental recognition of something is not sin. The choice that you make after the presentation is when sin occurs.
29
Cohabitation and divorce figures, what type of argument?
Cohabitation leads to a greater chance of divorce. 66% of people who live together before marriage get divorced. “Most people are doing it” – Is Ought You can use a pragmatic argument against it – It doesn’t work.
30
Three reasons Paul allows for abstinence in marriage (I Cor. 7:1-7)
1. To devote yourself to prayer 2. Mutual consent (you must both agree) 3. For a limited time
31
Stats on Herpes virus
1 in 4 people have herpes
32
Ezekiel 23:1-8 in relation to foreplay and dating. Does the Bible have any commandments about sexuality that is foreplay?
Flaunting yourself, lusting, revealing yourself nude before marriage, etc. is committing sin.
33
Matthew 19:9 and the distinction in Greek over the present active indicative
“commits adultery” in the PAI = you are continually committing adultery if you divorce and remarry for a reason other than sexual immorality
34
% of times AIDS is revealed to a sexual partner
7%
35
What test is done to determine gender identity?
Chromosome Test
36
Gender issues in transsexuals “being trapped in a body”
Before the age of 18, your hormones aren’t leveled and you may feel more masculine or feminine. When your hormones level out as an adult, you may feel differently. 40-50% of transgenders commit suicide. Every cell in your body determines your sex—your cells will not change because the external appearance does.
37
of adults who will have an STD in lifetime according to Planned Parenthood
50% of adults and 25% of teens
38
What is the problem with giving “male” hormones to a female or vise a versa?
Your body rejects what is foreign and causes complications and health issues.
39
% wise who gives the most and who gives the least?
The poor give the most, the rich (the top 1%) give the least.
40
What is the flaw in the testosterone argument with “butch” females?
Some women with high testosterone are not lesbians. Propensity is not determinism.
41
CDC numbers on homosexuality
4% of the population, half are exclusively gay (2%)
42
Testosterone levels and studies on violence, sexuality, murder, drug abuse, and rape
High testosterone is linked to all of these crimes, but does not justify them. A person with low testosterone is equally responsible for their actions. Propensity is not determinism.
43
Propensity and determination—define and contrast
``` Propensity = below 100% a choice Determinism = 100% no choice ```
44
Top two characteristics in the profile of a pedophile
Men who have been previously molested | Men have an extra chromosome
45
Who is Robert Spitzer and why is he famous?
Doctor at John Hopkins responsible for changing the DSM diagnostic tool which defined homosexuality as a mental disorder. Changed homosexuality from abnormal to normal.
46
Pillard study and homosexuality, Levay Study (Salk Institute), New genetic studies?
Pillard = study done on identical twins living in a gay community; later done on identical twins not living in a gay community Levay = study that said DNA makes you gay because a larger hypothalamus was found in people who are gay What was wrong with the Levay study? The people studied were… 1. Dead 2. Died of AIDS 3. Took medicine which increased the size of the hypothalamus
47
% of criminals who are men, % of addicts who are men and the biological fatalism argument
90% of criminals and 89% of addicts. | Just because you are man does not mean you are destined to be a criminal or addict. Propensity is not determinism.
48
Jude 7 and the Sodom and Gomorrah argument about hospitality
People who argue that Sodom and Gomorrah was destroyed because they weren’t hospitable and not because of their sexual sin.
49
The year the APA changed the DSM diagnostic tool
1974
50
Suicide rate vs. general population
Suicide rates for homosexuals is 4 times more likely than general population; 41 attempts of 137 homosexual youth; 30% have actively tried
51
Thornhill and Palmer’s study on rape
“Natural to rape someone” | The females who are raped are in their prime and release…
52
Who is Dr. Fred Berlin?
The John Hopkins sexologist who argues pedophilia should be decriminalized because people are born pedophiles.
53
NAMBLA—who are they and what is their position?
North American Man Boy Love Association. "Sex before 8 before it’s too late."
54
Average age of sexual intercourse for heterosexuals vs. homosexuals
The average age of sexual intercourse for heterosexuals 15.7 is while for homosexuals it is 12.7.
55
Percentage of lesbians not having sex in a given year (N.E. Journal of Med.)
Percentage of lesbians not having sex in a given year: 43%
56
Adoption and homosexuality – does adoption by gay parents increase homosexuality? Stats?
Studies show lesbian adoption does increase the % of homosexaulity among those raised in a same sex home (16% is the lowest figure)
57
Stats on Christian divorce according to Duke study
18% of Christians who are married get divorced
58
Success rate stats – divorce among those who remarry, on those who remarry their lover in an adulterous liaison
The more you divorce, the more your failure rate rises for your next marriage. 66-67% of people who remarry will get divorced. 75% of people who marry a third time will get divorced.
59
Who does someone who divorces an abuser likely remarry?
An abuser
60
What does Paul say the options are for those who divorce their spouse? Who does he say gave this commandment?
Remain single or reconcile with your spouse | Jesus says you should not remarry in Matthew 19, unless it is because of adultery.
61
What does Jesus say about divorce? Greek tense is ________________
“Whoever remarries except for in the case of adultery is…” | Present Active Indicative = something that is ongoing
62
What could be wrong with love and leaving someone if you fall in love with another person?Isn't love always right?
Situation Ethics: Who defines love? | Proponent: Joseph Fletcher
63
Adultery stats, Hite report, lowest stats, average of all stats
Highest = (Hite report) 70% *This means that 70% of married people are committing adultery. Lowest = 20% Average = 45-50%
64
When would a person be free to remarry according to Jesus?
If they were divorced due to sexual immorality
65
What are two problems with the 50% divorce figures?
It has never actually hit 50%. The statistic is flawed because it includes all marriages and some people are counted more than once, including those people who remarry multiple times.
66
The Catholic view on contraception – Against nature arguments—problems with this. Which methods are allowed and why?
Against because It’s not natural. For: Not everything natural is good. Not everything human-made is evil.
67
Birth defect rate IVF vs. natural
4% birth defect vs. 2% natural
68
Ethical issues with freezing fertilized eggs?
- Purchasing eggs is Human trafficking. | - Extra zygotes are taken out.
69
Who owns the eggs in IVF that are not implanted?
- Company that has the bank. | - Pay the company and you own them
70
Mary Beth Whitehead-who is she?
Surrogate mother who after being hired by a couple to carry their child says, “This is my baby. I birthed it.” They go to court and the biological parents win.
71
The child with 5 parents – who gets the baby?
``` Five parents: surrogate, husband and wife, sperm donor, and egg donor. Birth mother (surrogate) gets the baby. ```
72
Essence/attribute debate in selection of IVF selection process
- Essence. - Life begins at conception. - Human Trafficking. - Attribute = Blonde hair blue eyes. Certain type is more important than another
73
What is the advantage mentioned in class for IVF (sickle cell anemia)
Using PGD (preimplantation genetic diagnosis), some birth defects can be detected and cured (e.g. a couple who both have anemia have a 100% chance of passing it to their children; however, in one case, using PGD, for the first time ever, a child was cured preimplantation)
74
How many IVF Babies?
3 Million
75
Know the arguments pro and con for Vice and Pot (four of them)
Pro: People are going to do it anyways, it is safer and controlled if the government is involved, people would do it less if its legislated because it wouldn’t be done as a form of rebellion, it is taxable and would help the economy Con: Just because people commit crime should not mean that it should be legalized (is ought fallacy + normality), if more people are doing drugs it increases drug related crime, every drug legalized increases in usage (ex: alcohol), the cost of addiction is tremendous to society and making money does not make something moral
76
What types of arguments are used?
``` Pragmatism = it works Utilitarianism = greatest good for the greatest number of people ```
77
What are vices that have been legalized?
Alcohol, prostitution, porn, abortion, and gambling.
78
Is pot a gateway drug? Problems with the statement.
No. Tobacco is a gateway drug.
79
Medical issues with pot – list three treatments that pot is being considered for usage. Is pot physically addictive?
Issues: a. “Pot does not stop cancer” b. In scripture: Close to being drunk c. People do and say things they wouldn’t normally d. We are called to be sober minded List three treatments that pot is being considered for usage a.It helps with pain B.might have something else in it that could be a benefit C.helps with people who are anorexic
80
Number of deaths from pot, alcohol, cigarettes.
Deaths from Cigarettes (and 2nd hand smoke): 450,000 in US per year Deaths from Alcohol: 75,000 in US per year Tobacco is #1, Alcohol is #2
81
Is drug abuse a disease?
No. Choice is involved.
82
Figurette’s research on substance abuse
He argues against substance abuse being a disease because there is a choice involved.
83
Cherokee male alcohol addiction rate?
75%
84
Do words change according to culture? Then how can it be wrong to cuss?
Culture does not create meaning, but you bring meaning to the words you use (intent of heart)
85
YHWH
YHWH means “I AM”. Jews said it was too holy to say, replaced it with Adonai.
86
How many cures from adult stem cells vs. embryonic? Which has more?
Presently, there are more cures through adult stem cells. But, embryonic stem cells are better. There were laws against them for a while and research was not conducted, therefore, they are not on the same level.
87
Why is there any debate with embryonic stem cells? Solution to problem?
There is a debate against using embryonic stem cells because of the question- when does life begin? Solution: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)- pulling of a few stem cells from embryo (doesn’t hurt it...that we know)
88
Bartolo Colon-who is he and why is he interesting in stem cell research?
Bartolo Colon is a baseball player that had stem cells injected into his arms and he grew new muscles due to it.
89
The problem with all generalizations is that they are ______________.
General
90
What is the basis for all valuation of human beings? In other words, from when do we receive value?
Imago Dei = made in the image of God. The basis for all valuation of human beings is Imago Dei. We receive value from God.
91
Problem with assuming human life has value without God?
You are putting value on something that we have said is meaningless. Accidents don’t have meaning.
92
Problem with arguing “intelligence” as the valuation.
Intelligence is an attribute and all attributes are plus or minus.
93
Why is viability a problem in the pro life/pro choice debate?
Viability is a problem in the pro life/pro choice debate because how do you determine viability? Even babies brought to term cannot function on their own: (need to be fed, changed, etc.)
94
What is Roe v. Wade? When?
Roe v. Wade (1973) allows mother right to abort in first trimester.
95
Medical technology and its effect on the abortion argument
Medical technology increases baby’s ability to survive premature birth. Pushes back the argument of viability because as technology increases, babies are able to survive at earlier ages
96
Gianna Jensen—who is she?
A saline abortion survivor.
97
Who are Rosa Rodriguez, Molly Nash
Rosa Rodriguez =Rosa Rodriquez: A woman who lied on her medical forms about which trimester she was in. Her child was partially aborted and then delivered by the doctor. She sued for “wrongful birth” and won her case. Molly Nash = fetal farming; brother was born to save her through his blood
98
Is there a black market for babies? Why is there a black market for babies?
Yes. Race, eye color, hair color—all included when evaluation the going price. $125,000 is the going rate for a white baby with blonde hair and blue eyes. A black baby is half that price. The black market exists because there is a scarcity for babies.
99
Who are Peter Singer and James Watson and what are their views?
Peter singer believes life begins at 28 days and James Watson believes life begins at 3 days.
100
Englewood, New Jersey, clinic and the number of partial birth abortions per year at that one facility. What is a partial birth abortion, how is it done?
a.) 24,000 partial abortions done. b.) Partial-Birth Abortion - a baby is partially birthed, the skull is then drilled into to form a hole, and the brain is sucked out, causing the head to collapse - this results in a much easier birth for the mother
101
Pro choice and Pro life presuppositions
Pro Life Suppostions: - Life begins at conception. - Child and mother have equal rights. Pro Choice Suppositions: - “My rights exceed the rights of a child regardless of viability.” - “It’s just cells.” - “My body my choice.”
102
Problems with “health exception”—what are the problems—to what does the phrase reduce?
When abortions are allowed because of health exceptions. What defines pain?
103
Bills that will probably come before the Supreme Court linked to abortion
Bills on viability
104
Various opinions of when life begins. Know all ten.
1. Conception = life begins when the egg and sperm join 2. Implantation = when the fertilized egg fuses to the uterine wall (about 14 days) 3. Individuation= after this stage, there is no chance of having twins (about 14 days) 4. Legal = whatever the law says; end of the 2nd trimester 5. Brain Waves = death as defined as no brain activity, so when your brain begins to have activity 6. Viability = when you are able to live on your own (20 weeks) 7. Blood = when babies have blood (Leviticus 17:1) (about 2 months) 8. 3 Days = the mother has 3 days after the baby is born to decide if they want to keep the baby 9. 28 Days = the mother has 28 days… 10. Self-Consciousness = when you have a knowledge of who you are (about 2 years)
105
Why are rape/incest clauses not logically pertinent to the abortion argument?
“I can kill the baby because I was raped.” | You are punishing the child for being conceived.
106
What did the early church do in response to infanticide?
Infanticide = killing a baby | The Christian church took the unwanted babies in
107
Who pays for the abortions of the poor?
Tax payers. YOUUUUU *Soulja Boy Voice*
108
Name of the Philadelphia doctor arrested for partial birth abortion.
Kermit Gosnell *sips tea*
109
How is a partial birth abortion done?
Partial birth abortion is done by dilation and extraction
110
Laci and Scott Peterson—what does this case illustrate?
Scott Peterson murdered his wife Laci and is charged with double homicide—the mother and the unborn baby. Hypocritical! If the dad kills the baby it is murder, if the mother kills the baby it is abortion.
111
Stem cell research-what is the difference between adult and embryonic stem cells? Why would people want the embryonic stem cells?
Adult stem cells are older and embryonic stem cells are new therefore the embryonic stem cells will have better results
112
PGD, IVF-what is meant by these abbreviations?
PGD is Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis. IVF is In Vitro Fertilization.
113
PVS stats-what is PVS?
is Permanent (Davis said ‘permanent’, online it says ‘persistent’) Vegetative State. Costs $1,000,000 a year to have someone hooked up to life support.
114
Who is Dr. Jack Kevorkian?
Dr. Jack Kevorkian advocated for physician-assisted suicide. (Right to Die movement.)
115
States where suicide is legal
Cali, Colorado, DC, Oregon, Montana, Vermont, Hawaii, Washington

Ethics Final Flash Cards Davis (1 decks)

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