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1
Q

Day 24 Bovine Pregnancy Diagnosis

A

Embryo starts appearing, the ultrasound will have embryo on bottom of gestational sac

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2
Q

Guitar pick

A

Day 18

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3
Q

What is secreted from the hypothalamus?

A

GnRH

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4
Q

What is the first barrier to ascending infection in female?

A

Vulva

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5
Q

What is the second barrier to ascending infection in female?

A

Vaginovestibular junction

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6
Q

What is the final barrier to ascending infection in female?

A

Cervix

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7
Q

What is included in the spermatic cord?

A

Blood supply, nerve, masseter, dd

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8
Q

Accessory sex gland in dog?

A

Prostate

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9
Q

What species has no uterine countercurrent exchange system?

A

Mare

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10
Q

How long does spermatogenesis take in the bull?

A

61 days

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11
Q

Which species has the most variable gestational length?

A

Mare because mare can undergo embryonic diapause

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12
Q

What breed is most likely to prolapse prepuce after a tear?

A

Bos Indicus, more skin

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13
Q

Penile hematoma

A

12 days after prolapse only conservative treatment (50% chance to return to service)
If catch early, sx repair and better chance return to service

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14
Q

If perform speculum exam on mare in diestrus?

A

Cervix tight and high

Estrus would be low and on the floor

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15
Q

What is the clinical sig of the preputial diverticulum in the boar?

A

Can ejaculate into it, a lot of pheromones, trigger cyclicity in cows

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16
Q

If you need to test an aggressive mare for pregnancy, so need a blood test what do you want to look for?

A

Relaxin levels

Progesterone is also high in non-pregnant animals so not ideal

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17
Q

Does the bitch’s temp drop prior to parturition?

A

Yes, check it at least twice daily

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18
Q

What day do you want to detect twins in a mare?

A

Day 12-14. Prior to attachment (need to crush prior to day 16, banamine right before crush)

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19
Q

If you detect EED past day 38 in mare, when would you expect her to come back into heat?

A

100-120 days because endometrial cups secrete eCG they need to go away which takes 120 D

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20
Q

What is eCG?

A

Produced by endometrial cups, goes to ovary and causes it to make more CL aka more P4

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21
Q

What to do with third degree perineal laceration in mare?

A

Don’t fix right away bc dirty. Laceration is from vagina to rectum. Sx to reconstruct.

Grade two wait to suture as well

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22
Q

Day of LH surge in dog

A

Progesterone levels will be 2. Ovulation 2-3 days later. Then 2-3 more days to mature to secondary oocyte and get fertilized

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23
Q

If a bitch is fully cornified but not accepting the male what stage of the cycle is she in?

A

Proestrus behaviorally but estrus histo

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24
Q

What are some ways we can manipulated the mare to breed earlier?

A

Increase day length/light
Start in November-December (before winter solstice on Dec 21st)
Increases chances of earlier fertile ovulation

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25
Besides photostimulation what is another way to stimulate mare to breed earlier?
Deslorelin: does not work, synchronizes (GnRH agonist) | Dopamine agonists: Domperidone, Sulpuride
26
If there is a drought recently, and you have group of cow that have been fed hay, some have abortions, etiology?
Nitrates: take ocular fluid to test for
27
What causes epididymitis in mature rams?
Brucellosis ovis Immature rams: ram lamb epididymitis
28
If you suspect lepto in Cattle what are your next steps?
Urine: feather collect it, furosemide then on second midstream Dark field microscopy
29
Most common cause of viral abortions in the US?
IBR (bovine herpes virus)
30
Most common bacterial origin of abortion in mare
Streptococcus zooepidemicus
31
Can BVD cause abortion at any stage?
Yes. If affects preg cow at 120-150 Days of gestation you get a PI calf
32
If you give the multivalent vaccine “cattle master” what component causes abortions?
IBR (not BVD)
33
Describe the pathophysiology of CEH pyometra complex in the bitch:
Downregulation of estrogen receptors doesn’t happen! Estrogen stimulates progesterone secretion=a lot of fluid accumulation
34
Which one of the following species of Leptospira is host adapted and most commonly found in the USA
L. interrogans hardjo-prajitno
35
Equine viral arthritis is transmitted by what routes
Aerosol Venereal Fomites Aborted fetus/placenta
36
A bitch with cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex can present with what signs
PU/PD Lethargy Leukocytosis
37
A stallion presents with scrotal swelling with raised plaques over skin of thorax. Top DDx?
Trypanosoma equiperidum
38
A dog with Brucella canis may present with these signs:
Testicular atrophy Uveitis Discospondylitis
39
What is true of the most common cause of neoplasia in the equine penis
It is scc It is sarcoids Predisposed in geldings Unpigmented
40
You are presented with a dam which normally produces nice healthy offspring. Today she produces a litter of puppies that are crying, producing greenish stool, and showing abdominal pain. You suspect fading puppy syndrome. What can confirm the in utero infection with canine herpes virus in these puppies?
Intranuclear inclusion bodies (INIB) on histopath
41
In what situation does mortality rate for CHV become close to 100% for the puppy?
Dam exposed 1 week after parturition
42
What is the causative agent of CEH-pyometra complex?
E. Coli The P4 is not elevated, OHE is not tx of choice
43
Uterine inertia in bitch is most commonly secondary to what
Exhaustion of uterus after prolonged contractions
44
When does eclampsia most commonly occur?
2 weeks post partum
45
Presentation of subinvolution of placental sites (SIPS):
Occurs because trophoblastic cells don’t shut down Bitches are not systemically ill Incidence is highest in primiparous bitches Bitches present with prolonged vaginal discharge SIPS can be 8 weeks in chronic case
46
When does canine metritis usually occur?
7 days post partum
47
What is consistent with canine metritis on vaginal cytology?
Degenerative neutrophils
48
Normal post partum vaginal hemorrhage can last how long in the bitch?
6 weeks
49
Which acute phase proteins that increase due to embryonic trophoblastic cell invasion of the endometrium?
C reactive protein | Fibrinogen
50
At what part of gestation does relaxin begin to rise
20-30 days
51
What does PGF2alpha treat in mare?
Post mating induced endometritis Endometrosis Pyometra Not a treatment for metritis!
52
What is correct regarding mare pregnancy and parturition?
Dysmature foals are immature foals associated with placentititis
53
What is the number one cause of abortion in the mare?
Twinning
54
True about contagious equine metritis:
Venereal Disease caused by T. equigenitalis Stallions are asymptomatic, but carrier state is not limited to stallions Samples for culture are to be taken from urethral fossa, sinus, urethra, distal penis and prepuce and pre-ejaculatory fluid in the stallion and should be taken from clitoral fossa, sinuses, cervix and uterus in mare The causative agent is kept in Amies transport prior to being culture in chocolate blood agar
55
Case: you are presented with a mare that aborted her fetus on the 6th month of her gestation. You examine her placenta and notice that the chorionic surface is brown, sticky, mud-like and mucoid at the junction between the body and the horn. The cervical star has no remarkable lesions. How will you proceed?
Gram stain, followed by culture on chocolate blood agar Nocardioform Actinomycetes (Crossiella equi and Amycolatopis) No treatment
56
What is more common in goats than sheep?
Sperm granuloma
57
What is more common in sheep than goats?
Ringwomb
58
A farmer presents to you a lamb with arthrogryposis that was born about 3 hours ago. Which of the following is not going to be on your differential list?
Borders disease virus Mosquito transmitted virus “cache valley disease” Culicoides transmitted virus “blue tongue” Plant toxicity “locoweed, broomweed, verbatim californium”
59
Which of the following is the most likely causative agent of aborted swine fetus with splenic infarction and necrosis of tonsillar tissue?
Hog cholera, classical swine fever
60
Which of the following is most likely in a hog house where most of the first parity guilts deliver mummified fetuses?
PPV
61
What causes palpably firm orchitis in swine?
Brucella suis
62
Reportable diseases of swine?
Hog cholera | Psuedorabies, Aujeskys disease, mad itch
63
What accessory gland can you palpate in the bull
BG
64
What is correct about dystocia in a mare?
Usually, it’s the result of abnormal fetal posture
65
16% of the time draft horses give birth the fetus in in caudolongitudinal presentation
True
66
T/F: it is more difficult to correct fetal position in cow rather than mare
F
67
MC testicular tumor in stallion
Seminoma
68
Which stage does progesterone begin to rise in the bitch?
Proestrus
69
When are you most likely to see numerous follicles in a mare
Fall transition, spring transition
70
What is the most important cause of abortions in equines
EHV1
71
When do fetal lungs develop in foal?
Last 5 days of gestation
72
What day of gestation does the mare have to be in to give oxytocin to induce parturition?
330 days gestation
73
Drug of choice for parturition in mares
Oxytocin
74
Fetal mummification most commonly associated with what
Twins
75
In BOTH mummification and maceration in equine:
The mare is not systemically ill
76
Appearance of abnormally high Number of distal protoplasmic droplets on the midpiece of stallion spermatozoa is suggestive of:
Excessive breeding activity
77
Uterine prolapse in the mare usually occurs:
Immediately following parturition
78
Packaging semen for freezing, preferred method:
Narrow diameter and thin walled container
79
Fetal mummification and maceration most likely to occur in:
The cow
80
Retained fetal membranes in the mare:
Repeat small doses of oxytocin at 2 hour intervals
81
Uterine involution in cow occurs
30 days
82
EHV1 abortion:
Uncomplicated delivery, excess fluid in peritoneal and pleural space, no retained fetal membranes
83
Optimal time to flush uterus in a mare for embryo transfer:
7 days post ovulation
84
Tone and tubularity of genital tract in cow, most pronounced:
During estrus
85
Parturition in mare is dependent upon:
Maturity of fetus
86
End of stage 1 of parturition indicated by:
Chorioallantois rupture
87
First membranes to appear at the vulva in the mare or cow during eutocia
Amnion
88
Regarding bacterial abortion, which of the following statements are true?
The stomach content of the fetus may contain the organism responsible for the abortion
89
Parameter most influenced by season in the stallion:
Breeding behavior
90
Management of pregnancy in the cow is dependent upon progesterone produced by the:
CL throughout gestation
91
#1 cause of organic anestrus
Pregnancy
92
In using milk progesterone levels are most useful for
Determining the status of non-pregnant cow
93
Fetal membrane slip in the cattle can be done to detect pregnancy:
From 30 days post-breeding until the end of gestation
94
Which best describes estrus in cows:
Estrus <24 Hours, ovulation occurs in 10hours so after end of estrus

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