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Therio > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Day 24 Bovine Pregnancy Diagnosis

A

Embryo starts appearing, the ultrasound will have embryo on bottom of gestational sac

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2
Q

Guitar pick

A

Day 18

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3
Q

What is secreted from the hypothalamus?

A

GnRH

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4
Q

What is the first barrier to ascending infection in female?

A

Vulva

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5
Q

What is the second barrier to ascending infection in female?

A

Vaginovestibular junction

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6
Q

What is the final barrier to ascending infection in female?

A

Cervix

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7
Q

What is included in the spermatic cord?

A

Blood supply, nerve, masseter, dd

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8
Q

Accessory sex gland in dog?

A

Prostate

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9
Q

What species has no uterine countercurrent exchange system?

A

Mare

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10
Q

How long does spermatogenesis take in the bull?

A

61 days

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11
Q

Which species has the most variable gestational length?

A

Mare because mare can undergo embryonic diapause

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12
Q

What breed is most likely to prolapse prepuce after a tear?

A

Bos Indicus, more skin

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13
Q

Penile hematoma

A

12 days after prolapse only conservative treatment (50% chance to return to service)
If catch early, sx repair and better chance return to service

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14
Q

If perform speculum exam on mare in diestrus?

A

Cervix tight and high

Estrus would be low and on the floor

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15
Q

What is the clinical sig of the preputial diverticulum in the boar?

A

Can ejaculate into it, a lot of pheromones, trigger cyclicity in cows

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16
Q

If you need to test an aggressive mare for pregnancy, so need a blood test what do you want to look for?

A

Relaxin levels

Progesterone is also high in non-pregnant animals so not ideal

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17
Q

Does the bitch’s temp drop prior to parturition?

A

Yes, check it at least twice daily

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18
Q

What day do you want to detect twins in a mare?

A

Day 12-14. Prior to attachment (need to crush prior to day 16, banamine right before crush)

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19
Q

If you detect EED past day 38 in mare, when would you expect her to come back into heat?

A

100-120 days because endometrial cups secrete eCG they need to go away which takes 120 D

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20
Q

What is eCG?

A

Produced by endometrial cups, goes to ovary and causes it to make more CL aka more P4

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21
Q

What to do with third degree perineal laceration in mare?

A

Don’t fix right away bc dirty. Laceration is from vagina to rectum. Sx to reconstruct.

Grade two wait to suture as well

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22
Q

Day of LH surge in dog

A

Progesterone levels will be 2. Ovulation 2-3 days later. Then 2-3 more days to mature to secondary oocyte and get fertilized

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23
Q

If a bitch is fully cornified but not accepting the male what stage of the cycle is she in?

A

Proestrus behaviorally but estrus histo

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24
Q

What are some ways we can manipulated the mare to breed earlier?

A

Increase day length/light
Start in November-December (before winter solstice on Dec 21st)
Increases chances of earlier fertile ovulation

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25
Q

Besides photostimulation what is another way to stimulate mare to breed earlier?

A

Deslorelin: does not work, synchronizes (GnRH agonist)

Dopamine agonists: Domperidone, Sulpuride

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26
Q

If there is a drought recently, and you have group of cow that have been fed hay, some have abortions, etiology?

A

Nitrates: take ocular fluid to test for

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27
Q

What causes epididymitis in mature rams?

A

Brucellosis ovis

Immature rams: ram lamb epididymitis

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28
Q

If you suspect lepto in Cattle what are your next steps?

A

Urine: feather collect it, furosemide then on second midstream

Dark field microscopy

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29
Q

Most common cause of viral abortions in the US?

A

IBR (bovine herpes virus)

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30
Q

Most common bacterial origin of abortion in mare

A

Streptococcus zooepidemicus

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31
Q

Can BVD cause abortion at any stage?

A

Yes. If affects preg cow at 120-150 Days of gestation you get a PI calf

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32
Q

If you give the multivalent vaccine “cattle master” what component causes abortions?

A

IBR (not BVD)

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33
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of CEH pyometra complex in the bitch:

A

Downregulation of estrogen receptors doesn’t happen! Estrogen stimulates progesterone secretion=a lot of fluid accumulation

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34
Q

Which one of the following species of Leptospira is host adapted and most commonly found in the USA

A

L. interrogans hardjo-prajitno

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35
Q

Equine viral arthritis is transmitted by what routes

A

Aerosol
Venereal
Fomites
Aborted fetus/placenta

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36
Q

A bitch with cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex can present with what signs

A

PU/PD
Lethargy
Leukocytosis

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37
Q

A stallion presents with scrotal swelling with raised plaques over skin of thorax. Top DDx?

A

Trypanosoma equiperidum

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38
Q

A dog with Brucella canis may present with these signs:

A

Testicular atrophy
Uveitis
Discospondylitis

39
Q

What is true of the most common cause of neoplasia in the equine penis

A

It is scc
It is sarcoids
Predisposed in geldings
Unpigmented

40
Q

You are presented with a dam which normally produces nice healthy offspring. Today she produces a litter of puppies that are crying, producing greenish stool, and showing abdominal pain. You suspect fading puppy syndrome. What can confirm the in utero infection with canine herpes virus in these puppies?

A

Intranuclear inclusion bodies (INIB) on histopath

41
Q

In what situation does mortality rate for CHV become close to 100% for the puppy?

A

Dam exposed 1 week after parturition

42
Q

What is the causative agent of CEH-pyometra complex?

A

E. Coli

The P4 is not elevated, OHE is not tx of choice

43
Q

Uterine inertia in bitch is most commonly secondary to what

A

Exhaustion of uterus after prolonged contractions

44
Q

When does eclampsia most commonly occur?

A

2 weeks post partum

45
Q

Presentation of subinvolution of placental sites (SIPS):

A

Occurs because trophoblastic cells don’t shut down
Bitches are not systemically ill
Incidence is highest in primiparous bitches
Bitches present with prolonged vaginal discharge
SIPS can be 8 weeks in chronic case

46
Q

When does canine metritis usually occur?

A

7 days post partum

47
Q

What is consistent with canine metritis on vaginal cytology?

A

Degenerative neutrophils

48
Q

Normal post partum vaginal hemorrhage can last how long in the bitch?

A

6 weeks

49
Q

Which acute phase proteins that increase due to embryonic trophoblastic cell invasion of the endometrium?

A

C reactive protein

Fibrinogen

50
Q

At what part of gestation does relaxin begin to rise

A

20-30 days

51
Q

What does PGF2alpha treat in mare?

A

Post mating induced endometritis
Endometrosis
Pyometra

Not a treatment for metritis!

52
Q

What is correct regarding mare pregnancy and parturition?

A

Dysmature foals are immature foals associated with placentititis

53
Q

What is the number one cause of abortion in the mare?

A

Twinning

54
Q

True about contagious equine metritis:

A

Venereal Disease caused by T. equigenitalis
Stallions are asymptomatic, but carrier state is not limited to stallions
Samples for culture are to be taken from urethral fossa, sinus, urethra, distal penis and prepuce and pre-ejaculatory fluid in the stallion and should be taken from clitoral fossa, sinuses, cervix and uterus in mare
The causative agent is kept in Amies transport prior to being culture in chocolate blood agar

55
Q

Case: you are presented with a mare that aborted her fetus on the 6th month of her gestation. You examine her placenta and notice that the chorionic surface is brown, sticky, mud-like and mucoid at the junction between the body and the horn. The cervical star has no remarkable lesions. How will you proceed?

A

Gram stain, followed by culture on chocolate blood agar

Nocardioform Actinomycetes (Crossiella equi and Amycolatopis)

No treatment

56
Q

What is more common in goats than sheep?

A

Sperm granuloma

57
Q

What is more common in sheep than goats?

A

Ringwomb

58
Q

A farmer presents to you a lamb with arthrogryposis that was born about 3 hours ago. Which of the following is not going to be on your differential list?

A

Borders disease virus
Mosquito transmitted virus “cache valley disease”
Culicoides transmitted virus “blue tongue”
Plant toxicity “locoweed, broomweed, verbatim californium”

59
Q

Which of the following is the most likely causative agent of aborted swine fetus with splenic infarction and necrosis of tonsillar tissue?

A

Hog cholera, classical swine fever

60
Q

Which of the following is most likely in a hog house where most of the first parity guilts deliver mummified fetuses?

A

PPV

61
Q

What causes palpably firm orchitis in swine?

A

Brucella suis

62
Q

Reportable diseases of swine?

A

Hog cholera

Psuedorabies, Aujeskys disease, mad itch

63
Q

What accessory gland can you palpate in the bull

A

BG

64
Q

What is correct about dystocia in a mare?

A

Usually, it’s the result of abnormal fetal posture

65
Q

16% of the time draft horses give birth the fetus in in caudolongitudinal presentation

A

True

66
Q

T/F: it is more difficult to correct fetal position in cow rather than mare

A

F

67
Q

MC testicular tumor in stallion

A

Seminoma

68
Q

Which stage does progesterone begin to rise in the bitch?

A

Proestrus

69
Q

When are you most likely to see numerous follicles in a mare

A

Fall transition, spring transition

70
Q

What is the most important cause of abortions in equines

A

EHV1

71
Q

When do fetal lungs develop in foal?

A

Last 5 days of gestation

72
Q

What day of gestation does the mare have to be in to give oxytocin to induce parturition?

A

330 days gestation

73
Q

Drug of choice for parturition in mares

A

Oxytocin

74
Q

Fetal mummification most commonly associated with what

A

Twins

75
Q

In BOTH mummification and maceration in equine:

A

The mare is not systemically ill

76
Q

Appearance of abnormally high Number of distal protoplasmic droplets on the midpiece of stallion spermatozoa is suggestive of:

A

Excessive breeding activity

77
Q

Uterine prolapse in the mare usually occurs:

A

Immediately following parturition

78
Q

Packaging semen for freezing, preferred method:

A

Narrow diameter and thin walled container

79
Q

Fetal mummification and maceration most likely to occur in:

A

The cow

80
Q

Retained fetal membranes in the mare:

A

Repeat small doses of oxytocin at 2 hour intervals

81
Q

Uterine involution in cow occurs

A

30 days

82
Q

EHV1 abortion:

A

Uncomplicated delivery, excess fluid in peritoneal and pleural space, no retained fetal membranes

83
Q

Optimal time to flush uterus in a mare for embryo transfer:

A

7 days post ovulation

84
Q

Tone and tubularity of genital tract in cow, most pronounced:

A

During estrus

85
Q

Parturition in mare is dependent upon:

A

Maturity of fetus

86
Q

End of stage 1 of parturition indicated by:

A

Chorioallantois rupture

87
Q

First membranes to appear at the vulva in the mare or cow during eutocia

A

Amnion

88
Q

Regarding bacterial abortion, which of the following statements are true?

A

The stomach content of the fetus may contain the organism responsible for the abortion

89
Q

Parameter most influenced by season in the stallion:

A

Breeding behavior

90
Q

Management of pregnancy in the cow is dependent upon progesterone produced by the:

A

CL throughout gestation

91
Q

1 cause of organic anestrus

A

Pregnancy

92
Q

In using milk progesterone levels are most useful for

A

Determining the status of non-pregnant cow

93
Q

Fetal membrane slip in the cattle can be done to detect pregnancy:

A

From 30 days post-breeding until the end of gestation

94
Q

Which best describes estrus in cows:

A

Estrus <24 Hours, ovulation occurs in 10hours so after end of estrus

Therio (1 decks)

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