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Human Sexuality > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Sex

A

Biological XX or XY

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2
Q

Gender

A

socially constructed roles

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3
Q

evolution

A

change in allele frequencies in a population acoss generations

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4
Q

population

A

a group of organisms that belong to the same species

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5
Q

species

A

a group of populations whose individuals have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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6
Q

3 requirements for natural selection

A
  1. genetic variability
  2. heritability
  3. differential reproductive success
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7
Q

fitness

A

measure of genes

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8
Q

3 types of fitness

A
  1. direct (genes passed on via reproduction- # offspring)
  2. indirect (genes contributed by helping related individuals)
  3. inclusive (sum of direct and indirect)
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9
Q

4 mechanisms for evolution

A

adaptation
genetic drift
gene flow
mutation

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10
Q

adaptation

A

an evolutionary process where a population becomes better suited for its habitat

  • natural selection
  • survival of the fittest
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11
Q

gene flow

A

any movement of genes from one population to another

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12
Q

mutation

A

a random change in DNA

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13
Q

female external anatomy

A

clitoris, anus, urethra, labia minora and majora, vaginal opening

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14
Q

female internal anatomy

A

bladder, fallopian tubes, ovary, anus, rectum, uterus, vagina, cervix

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15
Q

menstruation cycle

A 
beginning of cycle
ovum starts to mature 
lining begins to thicken to prepare for pregnancy 
release of mature ovum (ovulation)
ovum travels to uterus 
beginning of next cycle
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16
Q

when did circumcision begin?

A

late 1800s in the sexually repressive Victorian Era

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17
Q

genetic drift

A

change in allele frequency due to random sampling & chance

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18
Q

when did circumcision start to peak?

A

1970s

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19
Q

what does the foreskin protect?

A

urinary opening

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20
Q

what does the foreskin contain?

A

immunologically active cells

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21
Q

natural infant penis

A

fused to glans
tight outlet
overhang

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22
Q

intact penis

A

foreskin covers glans
foreskin is pulled away from glans prior to removal
causes abrasions to glans since skin is attached

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23
Q

what do babies feel and remember?

A

pain

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24
Q

what did the AAP recommend using in 1999 for pain relief?

A

procedural analgesia

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25
Q

medical benefits of circumcision

A 
reduction in UTIs
reduciton in penile cancer
easier to clean
reduction in cervical cancer 
reduction in STDs and HIV
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26
Q

what does circumcision remove?

A

most sensitive parts of the penis

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27
Q

mating theory Bateman (1948)

A

reported a stronger relationship between mating and reproductive success in male fruit flies compared w females

28
Q

regarding reproduction, what are males limited by?

A

of females he can convince to mate w him

29
Q

regarding reproduction, what are females limited by?

A

of eggs or offspring she can have

30
Q

sexual selection

A

occurs when (1) males compete against themselves for access to females (intrasexual selection) and try to attract females w flashy colors or behaviors (intersexual selection)

31
Q

Masters and Johnson Research 1950s

A

excitement / arousal
plateau
orgasm
resolution

32
Q

excitement phase

A 
vasocongestion
thickening vaginal walls
uterus raising 
vagina lengthening
nipple erection
sex flush
33
Q

plateau phase

A

outer 1/3 of vaginal wall swells
breasts enlarge
sex flush increases
HR and BP increase

34
Q

orgasmic phase

A

release of muscle tension
0.8s contractions
pelvic thrusting

35
Q

resolution phase

A

body returns to normal state

36
Q

2 types of orgasms

A

vaginal

clitoral

37
Q

male excitement phase

A

same as females

urethra diameter doubles

38
Q

male plateau phase

A

no loss of erection

increase in testes size (50%)

39
Q

male orgasmic phase

A

ejaculatory inevitability
0.8 muscle contractions
perspiration

40
Q

male resolution phase

A

nearly 50% of all erection is lost
body returns to normal state
20min-2hrs

41
Q

male refractory period

A

increases w age

cannot be re-stimulated to ejaculation

42
Q

2009

A

APA concluded that conversion therapies are ineffective

43
Q

homophobia

A

antagonistic feeling and behaviors toward homosexuality

44
Q

heterosexism

A

social norm

45
Q

bisexuality

A

more common in women

46
Q

pansexual

A

attraction to any sex or gender

known as “gender-blind”

47
Q

where does the word “lesbian” come from?

A

Greek island of Lesbos

48
Q

gaydar

A

ability to identify a person’s sexual orientation

49
Q

pre-natal hormone theory

A

more androgens (male sex hormone) will be attracted to females –known as gynephilic

less androgens will be more attracted to men – known as androphilic

50
Q

congenital hormone hyperplasia

A

results in exposure of female fetus to high levels of androgens

51
Q

does homosexuality appear to be a product of childhood events?

A

no, self-reports of homosexual feelings do

52
Q

how many regions do men have regarding their sexual orientation?

A

4

53
Q

who was Magnus Hirschfield and what did he do?

A

he was a gay jewish doctor/sexologist

he found the world’s first gay rights organization in Berlin, Germany in 1897

54
Q

what happened after World War II?

A

gay activism moved to US

55
Q

what began the modern gay movement?

A

a riot outside the Stonewall Inn in New York’s Greenwich Village in 1969

56
Q

in which 3 countries are gay discrimination most notable?

A

Africa
South Asia
Middle East

57
Q

biphobia

A

negative attitudes toward bisexual people

58
Q

bisexual erasure

A

denying or ignoring their existence

59
Q

paraphilic disorders

A

paraphilia that causes distress to the individual or may lead to harm in others

60
Q

examples of paraphilia

A 
exhibitionism 
fetishism
frotteurism
pedophilia
sexual masochism
sexual sadism 
transvestic fetishism
voyeurism
61
Q

bestiality

A

sexual acts w an animal

62
Q

zoophile

A

romantic relationship w an animal (not harmed)

63
Q

STI

A

when a bacterium enters a person’s body during a sexual encounter

64
Q

gonorrhea

A

causes a pest like discharge
oozing pus
mutating @ a very fast rate
signs of emerging antibiotic resistance

65
Q

chlamydia

A 
infects the urethra
travels the digestive tract
watery discharge and burning sensation 
people who have this are asymptomatic 
treatment: arythromyacin
66
Q

syphilis

A

wartlike infection in penis

body spots

67
Q

herpes

A

virus

painful blisters/sores that discharge when broken

Human Sexuality (1 decks)

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