Final Flashcards
Dispersion forces
occur between all molecules, only force between non-polar molecules
Dipole-dipole
net separation of charge
Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen bonded to F, O, N
Ion-Dipole
strong interactions between ions of opposite charge
Molarity (M)
moles solute/L solution
Molality (m)
moles solute/kg solvent
mole fraction (Xa)
moles of A/total moles
ΔT(fp) = ?
-Kfp * m(solute) * i
ΔT(bp) = ?
Kbp * m(solute) * i
P(solution) = ?
X(solvent) * P°(solvent)
i = ?
moles of particles in solution/moles of solute dissolved
Zero Order integrated rate law equation and graph
[A]t = -kt + [A]o
y-int: [A]
x-int: time
slope: -k
First Order integrated rate law equation and graph
ln([A]t/[A]o) = -kt
y-int: ln[A]
x-int: time
slope: -k
Second Order integrated rate law equation and graph
1/[A]t = kt + 1/[A]o
y-int: 1/[A]
x-int: time
slope: k
1st order half life
t(1/2) = 0.693/k
pH = ? (2 equations)
-log[H3O+]
pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
Ka * Kb = ?
[H3O+]{OH-] = 1.00*10^(-14)
pKa = ?
-log(Ka)
ΔS(system)° = ?
Σ[(nΔS(f)° products)] - Σ[(nΔS(f)° reactants)]
ΔG = ? (3 equations)
ΔG° + RTln(Q)
ΔH - TΔS(system)
-RTln(K)
E°(cell) = ?
E°(cathode) - E°(anode)
ΔG° = ?
-nFE°(cell)
E(cell) = ?
E°(cell) - (.0592/n)*log(Q)
ΔE = ? *binding energy
(Δm)*c^2
- m = mass (g)
- c = 3.00*10^8 meters/seconds
Ratio of Decay equation
ln[N(t)/N(0)] = -kt
Alpha decay
loss of (4,2)He *in the products
Beta decay
(0,-1)e
*in the products
Positron emission
(0,+1)e
*in the products
Electron capture
(0,-1)e
*in the reactants
Fission
Generates lighter atoms from heavier ones
Fusion
Generates heavier atoms from lighter ones
(2,1)H + (2,1)H –> (3,2)He + (1,0)n
Lewis acid
accepts lone pair
Lewis base
donates lone pair
A (amperes) = ?
Coulomb/seconds
Faraday’s Constant
96,485 Coulomb/mol of e-
If the N/Z ratio is too high, then…
beta decay
If the N/Z ratio is too low, then…
Positron emission or Electron capture
