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Aviation Weather > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the change of state of ice into vapor?

A

Sublimation

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2
Q

What is the amount of pressure change that occurs over a given horizontal distance?

A

Pressure Gradient

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3
Q

What type of uplift occurs as air is lifted over a mountain barrier?

A

Orographic

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4
Q

What is an apparent force created by the rotation of the earth?

A

Coriolis

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5
Q

Wind aloft that blows parallel to the isobars or contours

A

Geostrophic

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6
Q

Clouds with the greatest vertical growth:

A

Cumulonimbus

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7
Q

The max pressure that water vapor would exert if the air were saturated

A

Saturation Vapor Pressure

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8
Q

A descending layer of dry air can form this phenomenon

A

Subsidence inversion

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9
Q

Wispy, high clouds

A

Cirrus

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10
Q

The process by which a parcel expands and cools or compresses and warms with no interchange of heat with its surroundings:

A

Adiabatic

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11
Q

A fog that commonly forms on clear nights, with light or calm winds:

A

Radiation fog

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12
Q

Clockwise shift in wind direction as you climb out of the boundary layer:

A

Veering

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13
Q

A measurement of meteorological conditions between the ground and some higher level in the atmosphere:

A

Sounding

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14
Q

These particles serve as surfaces on which water vapor may condense:

A

Condensation Nuclei

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15
Q

Relative humidity is typically the highest during the early hours of the morning just after sunrise. T/F

A

True

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16
Q

The Coriolis force makes objects in motion appear to curve to the east in either the northern or Southern Hemisphere. T/F

A

False

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17
Q

Valleys are more susceptible to radiation fog than are hilltops. T/F

A

True

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18
Q

When the air is saturated an increase in air temp will cause condensation to occur. T/F

A

False

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19
Q

Closer the contours on a constant pressure chart, the faster the wind speed at that level. F/T

A

True

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20
Q

The Coriolis force is zero at the equator. T/F

A

True

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21
Q

Latent heat is released during evaporation. T/F

A

False

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22
Q

Air is normally rising above a region of surface high pressure. T/F

A

False

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23
Q

Warming a parcel of air above the temperature of the environment around it will tend to make the atmosphere more unstable. T/F

A

True

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24
Q

Near the earth’s surface at the same temperature and level in the atmosphere, warm humid air is less dense than warm dry air. T/F

A

True

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25
Q

Dew is most likely to form on clear, windy nights. T/F

A

False

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26
Q

Air flow around a high pressure is anticyclonic. T/F

A

True

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27
Q

The process of water changing from a liquid to a vapor is called:

A

Evaporation

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28
Q

The temp the air must be cooled for saturation to occur is called the: Temperature.

A

Dew-point

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29
Q

A: Uses wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperature to obtain relative humidity.

A

Psychrometer

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30
Q

Clouds with a lens shape that often form over and downwind of the mountains are called:

A

Lenticular

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31
Q

If an air parcel if given a push upward and it falls back to its original position, the atmosphere is said to be:

A

Stable

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32
Q

What are used to measure wind speed at automated weather observation systems?

A

Anemometer

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33
Q

Another name for “water seeking” condensation nuclei is:

A

Hygroscopic

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34
Q

A change in: And/or a change in: Will result in a change in relative humidity.

A

Temperature, water vapor

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35
Q

Fog that forms as relatively warm air moves over a colder surface is called:

A

Advection fog

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36
Q

A low cloud that produces steady precipitation is called:

A

Nimbostratus

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37
Q

When the atmosphere is absolutely unstable the environmental lapse rate is: The dry adiabatic rate.

A

Less than

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38
Q

Air is in hydrostatic equilibrium when the upward pressure gradient force is balanced by the downward:

A

Force of Gravity

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39
Q

When the air temperature increases, the saturation vapor pressure:

A

Increases

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40
Q

The Coriolis force is strongest when the wind speed is: and the latitude is:

A

High, high

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41
Q

Is a dry parcel is lifted 6,000’ into the atmosphere, it will be:

A

18 degrees cooler than what is was before it was lifted.

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42
Q

The rate at which the air temp changes inside a rising or descending parcel of saturated air is called the

A

Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate

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43
Q

An instrument that is used to measure cloud base height above the ground:

A

Ceilometer

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44
Q

These two conditions, working together, will make the atmosphere the most stable:

A

Warm the surface and cool the air aloft

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45
Q

The temperature-dew point spread is 8 degrees C what is the estimated height of the cumulus cloud bottoms above the surface?

A

3,200’ AGL

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46
Q

Given the following METAR:

KFTW 111914Z 250007G22KT 3SM R16/5500VP6000FT +RA BR BKN023 BKN 040 OVC070 18/16 A2982 RMK A02 PK WND 27044/1900 WSHFT 1857

A

Wind shifted at 1857Z

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47
Q

Given the following METAR:
KAPA 121453Z 34006KT 4SM RA BR BKN006 OVC015 07/06 A3045 RMK A02 SLP299
What is the height of the cloud ceiling?

A

600’ AGL

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48
Q

Given the following METAR:
KCRH 111915Z AUTO 12018KT 2 1/2SM BR BKN021 BKN026 BKN030 25/24 A2990 RMK A01
What is true?

A

The visibility is 2 1/2 SM

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49
Q

Given the following METAR
KCOS 121454Z 36013G22KT 9SM BKN018 08/06 A3042 RMK PK WND 36030/1426
What is the observed peak wind?

A

30 knots at 1426Z

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50
Q

The transfer of energy through molecule motion:

A

Conduction

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51
Q

A condition caused by a lack of oxygen to the brain:

A

Hypoxia

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52
Q

An elongated high-pressure area:

A

Ridge

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53
Q

Energy transferred by electromagnetic waves:

A

Radiation

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54
Q

Gas that strongly absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the stratosphere:

A

Ozone

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55
Q

A measure of the average speed of the air molecules:

A

Temperature

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56
Q

Lines of equal pressure:

A

Isobar

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57
Q

Temperature scale that begins at absolute zero:

A

Kelvin

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58
Q

The transfer of heat that depends upon the movement of air:

A

Convection

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59
Q

Protects instruments from direct sunlight and weather elements:

A

Stevenson screen

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60
Q

What percent does each of the following gases occupy in a volume of air:
Nitrogen:
Oxygen:

A

78%, 21%

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61
Q

The primary source of energy for the earth’s atmosphere is the:

A

Sun

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62
Q

The atmospheric boundary that separates the stratosphere from the mesosphere is the:

A

Stratopause

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63
Q

An elongated region of low pressure is called a:

A

Trough

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64
Q

Water vapor is gas. T/F

A

True

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65
Q

A change in air density can bring about a change in air pressure. T/F

A

True

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66
Q

In a standard atmosphere about half of our atmosphere is below 22,000’ MSL. T/F

A

True

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67
Q

Air is a good conductor of heat. T/F

A

False

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68
Q

Water warms and cools more slowly than land. T/F

A

True

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69
Q

The standard atmosphere cools at a rate of 3 degrees C per 1,000-foot increase in altitude. T/F

A

False

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70
Q

At a constant pressure, cold air is more dense than warm air:

A

False

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71
Q

METARS are issued 5 times per day. T/F

A

False

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72
Q

On a constant pressure chart, higher heights are associated with lower temperatures and lower pressures. T/F

A

True

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73
Q

Surface analysis charts are issued every 3 hours. T/F

A

True

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74
Q

METAR wind direction is reported referenced from magnetic north. T/F

A

False

75
Q

Airflow rotates clockwise around an area of high pressure. T/F

A

True

76
Q

Air density normally:

A

Decreases with increasing height

77
Q

A force exerted on a unit area describes air is:

A

Pressure

78
Q

The: Affects radio transmissions on earth.

A

Ionosphere

79
Q

As the average speed of air molecules decreases, the temp of the air:

A

Decreases

80
Q

Because the moon has no atmosphere it can only cool by:

A

Radiation

81
Q

Water vapor and carbon dioxide are effective absorbers of:

A

Infrared radiation

82
Q

In clear weather the air next to the ground is usually: than the air above during the night, and: than the air above during the day.

A

Colder, warmer

83
Q

A pilot flies from a region of cold air into a region of warm air. In the warm air the aircraft is indicating the same altitude as it did in the cold air, yet the aircraft’s true altitude would be:

A

Higher than indicated altitude

84
Q

Given the METAR:
KHWO 051753Z 17015G19KT 10SM FEW047 33/23 A2990 RMK A02 SLP126
What is the altimeter setting?

A

29.90” Hg

85
Q

Given the METAR:
KHWO 051753Z 17015G19KT 10SM FEW047 33/23 A2990 RMK A02 SLP126
What is the sea level pressure in millibars?

A

1012.6mb

86
Q

Given the METAR:
K1J0 051758Z AUTO 18017G32KT 10SM 30/23 A2961 RMK A02 PK WND 15022/1743 SLP987
What is the sea level pressure in millibars?

A

998.7 mb

87
Q

Given the METAR:
K1J0 051758Z AUTO 18017G32KT 10SM 30/23 A2961 RMK A02 PK WND 15022/1743 SLP987
What is the peak wind reported?

A

33 knots from 150 degrees true

88
Q

What is the sea level pressure in inches of mercury if the airport lies at an elevation of 5,885’?
KAPA 221753Z 20011KT 10SM CLR 02/M09 A3001 RMK A02 SLP206 T00221094 10022 21106 50004

A

30.01” hg

89
Q

Short waves are upper level disturbances that can provide the necessary spark to kick off a mid-latitude cyclone. T/F

A

True

90
Q

The 500 mb level is higher behind the cold front than in the warmer air ahead. T/F

A

False

91
Q

The mid-latitude cyclone derives its energy from:

A
  • the rising of warm air, sinking of cold air
  • condensation
  • wind
92
Q

What causes a surface low pressure system to strengthen?

A

More divergence aloft than convergence at the surface

93
Q

The upper level winds associated with a surface mid-latitude cyclone generally causes the storms to move in which direction?

A

Northeast

94
Q

Cloud bases are reported on METAR reports as:

A

Height above ground level

95
Q

Marginal VFR is defined as:

A

Visibility 3-5 SM and cloud ceiling 1000’-3000’

96
Q

VFR (as weather flying category) is considered:

A

> 5 SM visibility and >3000’ cloud ceiling

97
Q

Which cloud layer would not be considered a ceiling?

A

SCT

98
Q

Based on the METAR what is the ceiling?

KRUT 101656Z AUTO 33012G16KT 6SM FEW005 SCT010 BKN024 OVC048 01/M01

A

2400’

99
Q

Based on the METAR what weather flying category currently exists?
KRUT 101656Z AUTO 33012G16KT 6SM FEW005 SCT010 BKN024 OVC048 01/M01 A3007

A

MVFR

100
Q

On an IR satellite image, brighter white areas represent:

A

Solids with high tops

101
Q

Which scenario is more conductive for radiation fog formation?

A

Around sunset after a clear day

102
Q

Which cloud type is more likely to prevent VFR flight from your local airport?

A

Stratus

103
Q

Saturated air cools faster than dry air when there is a source of lifting. T/F

A

False

104
Q

What type of fog is common around the San-Francisco Bay Area?

A

Advection fog

105
Q

What type of fog is referred to as “valley fog”

A

Advection fog

106
Q

This cloud type is characterized by the Latin root for “Heap”

A

Cumulus

107
Q

Alto-cumulus standing lenticular (ACSL) clouds are indicative of:

A

A stable atmosphere and strong winds aloft

108
Q

Frost commonly forms on large portions of the aircraft structure first. T/F

A

False

109
Q

What conditions are necessary for the formation of frost?

A

Dew point below zero and a surface temp below the dew point

110
Q

What is true regarding frost?

A

All frost must be removed from an aircraft prior to flight.

111
Q

Generally speaking an aircraft descending into the boundary layer can expect the winds to:

A

Decrease and back

112
Q

Geostrophic balance is achieved when the Pressure Gradient Force is balanced with:

A

The Coriolis Force

113
Q

Winds around a low-pressure region generally flow:

A

Counterclockwise

114
Q

In a winds aloft forecast, wind speed is omitted if the forecast level is within 3000’ of the station elevation. T/F

A

False

115
Q

Terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAFs) cover a distance of:

A

5 SM from the center of the airport

116
Q

Standard TAFs are valid for: Hours with some international locations valid for : Hours.

A

24,30

117
Q

TAFs are issued how many times per day?

A

4

118
Q

TAFs are issued at what times?

A

0000Z/0600Z/1200Z/1800Z

119
Q

During the summer the polar jet stream moves further south and the subtropical jet stream moves further north. T/F

A

True

120
Q

During the summer, the subtropical jet stream strengthens as it moves further north. T/F

A

False

121
Q

Which jet stream forms where the Polar and Ferrel cell meet.

A

Polar jet stream

122
Q

Higher temps on the south side of the polar front, as compared to the colder temps to the north side of the polar front lead to:

A

Higher heights and heights pressure aloft

123
Q

Which weather product is best to observe the location and intensity of the jet stream?

A

300 mb constant pressure charts

124
Q

The flow of air aloft parallel to the contour lines is known as:

A

Geostrophic balance

125
Q

Jet stream generally occur in which layer/boundary of the atmosphere?

A

Tropopause

126
Q

The polar jet stream occurs at a higher altitude than the subtropical jet stream. T/F

A

False

127
Q

As air moves north the earth’s circumferences decreases. This causes the wind speed to increase due to:

A

Conservation of angular momentum

128
Q

Jet streams in the Southern Hemisphere flow from East to West. T/F

A

False

129
Q

The cloud that forms along the leading edge of a cold surface gust front in a multicell thunderstorm is called a:

A

Shelf cloud

130
Q

Funnel clouds are a result of:

A

Intense low pressure immediately below the base of the cloud

131
Q

Occasionally a supercell thunderstorm can produce an updraft so strong that it can penetrate the tropopause. Known as:

A

Overshooting top

132
Q

Electrical charges are carried from the base of the cloud towards the ground by:

A

Stepped leader

133
Q

This is the positive charge of a surface reaching up towards the bottom of the thunderstorm.

A

Positive streamer

134
Q

The development of thunderstorms requires:

A

Unstable air
Relatively high humidity
Source of lifting

135
Q

The proceeds in which the friction of falling precipitation draws in drier air from outsider of the cloud is known as:

A

Entrainment

136
Q

During the life cycle of a thunderstorm which stage os characterized predominantly by:

A

Dissipating

137
Q

Which weather characteristics signals the mature stage of a thunderstorm?

A

The start of rain at the surface
Growth rate of the cloud is at a maximum
Strong turbulence in the cloud

138
Q

Fast flowing current of air concentrated in a narrow band:

A

Jet Stream

139
Q

Pressure systems found near latitude 30 degrees:

A

Subtropical highs

140
Q

Air mass responsible for hot, dry summer weather over portions of Arizona and New Mexico:

A

CT

141
Q

Lines of equal air temp:

A

Isotherms

142
Q

Atmospheric events that occur on a global scale:

A

Macroscale

143
Q

Semi-permanent pressure system associated with the polar front:

A

Subpolar low

144
Q

Winds observed behind the polar front in the polar cell:

A

North easterlies

145
Q

The thermally indirect cell:

A

Ferrel cell

146
Q

The coldest of all air masses:

A

CA

147
Q

Embedded thunderstorms are often associated with this phenomenon:

A

Occluded Front

148
Q

Another name for longwaves:

A

Rossby waves

149
Q

The development or strengthening of a mid latitude cyclonic storm system:

A

Cyclogenesis

150
Q

Boundary separating northeast trade winds in the northern hemisphere with the southeast trade winds of the Southern Hemisphere:

A

ITCZ

151
Q

The rising of warm air over cold air:

A

Overrunning

152
Q

This process is the most efficient means of precipitation production:

A

Ice crystal process

153
Q

The presence of this precipitation type at the surface is an indication of freezing rain aloft:

A

Sleet

154
Q

The polar jet stream is normally observed at a higher altitude than the subtropical jet stream. T/F

A

False

155
Q

At the surface during the passage of a cold-type occluded front the coldest air is observed ahead of the advancing front. T/F

A

False

156
Q

The trade winds flow from the northeast to the southwest in the northern hemisphere. T/F

A

True

157
Q

Continental polar air masses in the United States are observed only in winter. T/F

A

False

158
Q

The tropopause is higher at the equator than at the poles. T/F

A

True

159
Q

Occluded fronts may form as a cold front over takes a warm front. T/F

A

True

160
Q

Warm fronts generally move faster than cold fronts. T/F

A

False

161
Q

The polar jet stream moves farther south in the summer. T/F

A

False

162
Q

The eastern slope of the Rockies can be a region of cyclogenesis. T/F

A

True

163
Q

A dust devil is a good example of a mesoscale event in the atmosphere. T/F

A

False

164
Q

On a surface weather map, a cold front is depicted with a blue line and triangles pointing toward the cold air. T/F

A

False

165
Q

The rising of warm air and the sinking of cold air provide energy for a developing mid latitude cyclone. T/F

A

True

166
Q

A back door cold front moving through Colorado would most likely be moving from east to west. T/F

A

True

167
Q

The slope of a typical warm front is usually much steeper (more vertical) thank that of a cold front. T/F

A

False

168
Q

The 300 mb Constant Pressure Chart is often used in determining the location of the jet stream. T/F

A

True

169
Q

The frontal surface of a cold or warm front always tilts towards the warm air mass as you move up in the atmosphere. T/F

A

False

170
Q

Precipitation that falls into a very dry atmosphere below a cloud and evaporates before reaching the surface is called:

A

Virga

171
Q

A: Rain gauge is commonly used to measure precipitation amounts at AWOS and ASOS automated weather stations.

A

Tipping bucket

172
Q

The general circulation model that accounts for the rotation of the earth is called the: Model

A

Three cell

173
Q

The jet stream situated at the tropopause near the polar front is called the:

A

Polar jet

174
Q

:are responsible for the existence if the major deserts of the world observed near 30degree latitude.

A

Subtropical highs

175
Q

The pressure ahead of a cold front: and then rapidly: after the front has passed.

A

Falls,rises

176
Q

The: Conveyor belt results from air passing under the warm front where it picks up moisture then rises in the heart of the low-pressure region.

A

Warm

177
Q

Lake-effect snows are:

A

Localized snowstorms that form on the downwind side of a lake.

178
Q

What is not considered a semi-permanent high or low pressure?

A

Siberian High

179
Q

In the conveyor belt model of rising and descending air, one would expect the dry conveyor belt airstream to be located:

A

Behind the surface of a cold front

180
Q

The horse latitudes are the result of:

A

The subtropical highs

181
Q

If an upper level trough is located to the west of a surface mid latitude cyclone, the surface storm will probably move toward the:

A

Northeast

182
Q

Typically winter mP air masses along the Atlantic coast of North America are less common than mP air masses along the Pacific coast mainly due to the fact that:

A

The prevailing winds aloft are westerly

183
Q

The three-cell model of general circulation, areas of surface low pressure are found near:

A

The equator and 60degree latitude

184
Q

When a low pressure system is “vertically stacked” the system will gradually:

A

Dissipate

Aviation Weather (1 decks)

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