FINAL Flashcards
Autism
a mental condition, present from early childhood, characterized by difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts.
Down syndrome
Trisomy of chromosome 23 which produces a number of physical and mental abnormalities from a lower than average IQ, to lack of muscle tone,
CP
cerebral palsy
types of cerebral palsy, body
QUADRIPLEGIA, DIPLEGIA, HEMIPLEGIA
types of cerebral palsy, mind
spastic, DYSKINETIC, ATAXIC
quriplegia
all four limbs are affected, trunk face and back are also normally affected as well.
diplegia
Both legs are affected. The arms may be affected to a lesser extent.
hemiplegia
hemi(sphere)plegia, One side of the body (one arm and one leg) is affected.
spastic CP
The most common form of cerebral palsy
Muscles feel stiff and tight.
dyskinetic CP
Characterised by involuntary movements (i.e. out of a person’s control)
ataxic CP
Characterised by shaky movements
Affects balance and sense of positioning in space
SCI
Spinal cord injury: usually due to a acute severe accident in which the spinal cord is severed. 80 male 20 female. a majority of these problems occur from 16-30.
spina bifida
a portion of the neural tube fails to develop or close properly, causing defects in the spinal cord and in the bones of the spine.
types of SB
Occulta, Meningocele, Myelomeningocele.
SB Occulta
least severe form and many people who have it do not know they have it. can lead to increase change of herniated disks.
Meningocele
meninges push out forming a sac filled with fluid. sac doesn’t include the spinal cord
Myelomeningocele
sac includes the spinal cord. usually causes nerve damage
Laws
ADA, IDEA, IEP, RA
ADA
Americans with disabilities act: is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public.
IDEA
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: a four-part (A-D) piece of American legislation that ensures students with a disability are provided with Free Appropriate Public Education
IEP
individualized education Plan a written document that’s developed for each public school child who is eligible for special education. The IEP is created through a team effort and reviewed at least once a year.:
TREE
T: teaching
R: Rules/regulations
E: equipment
E: environment
leisure
Spontaneous, usually requires only 1 or 2 person, usually for fun and unorganized.
recreation
requires more people, has a set location, has more strict rules, score is usually kept but not controlling body.
sport
organized, controlled by a governing body, ranks are kept, teams practice more than they play.
ICF model parts
body function impairments, environmental factors,
personal factors, participation, activities
activities ICF
the skills the person that they posses or are affected due to the condition
participation
how the condition affects a person in things they participate in.
developmental approach
Assumes
All children develop the same way
Typically developing sequence is generalizable to children with disabilities.
Allows for comparison to typical dev. Peers.
functional approach
Chronological age Functional skills Data based teaching Utilizes partial participation Community based natural
Four paradigms in adapted physical activity
Facility- based paradigm, Service based paradigm, Support based paradigm, Empowerment and self determination paradigm
facility based paradigm
- Residential placement.
- Special schools.
- Problems conceptualized as residing in the individual… a victim or patient.
- Therapy was the treatment or correctives.
Service based paradigm
- Service provided to reduce institutionalization.
- Resource rooms in schools or sheltered workshops.
- Terms like mainstreaming, remedial, developmental, special, individualized.
- Adapted physical education was used as a special program.
Support based paradigm
- Inclusion became the term with supports to follow.
- No longer special classes, but a philosophical approach
- Adapted physical activity
Empowerment and self determination paradigm
No need for expert in charge
Personal decision-making, providing choice and teaching self-regulation
Universal design
Principle 1: Equitable Use Principle 2: Flexibility in Use Principle 3: Simple and Intuitive Use Principle 4: Perceptible Information Principle 5: Tolerance for Error Principle 6: Low Physical Effort Principle 7: Size and Space for Approach and Use
Intellectual disabilities
Before age 18
Limitation in social functioning
Limitations in adaptive behavior
Conceptual social practical skills
Primary reinforcer
Satisfies biological needs
Secondary reinforcer
conditional reinforcer if you do this you will get something else. money fame power strength.
Vicarious reinforcer
Observing the + or - consequences of someone else’s behaviors.
Premack principle
Using activities that one likes as a reinforcer for activities that they do not like
Rehab Act
prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs conducted by federal agencies,
