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Renal Quizzam 1 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are the complications of pyelonephriits?

A
  • Xanthogranulomatous Pyelnephritis
  • Papillary NEcrosis
  • emphysematous pyelo
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2
Q

Having sickle cell puts you at risk for what renal injuries?

A

FSGN, Renal Papillary Necrosis,

Renal medullary carcinoma

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3
Q

Patient on amphotericin B sees a psychiatrist and wants to be prescribed lithium. WHy no?

A

No! because could cause RTA1

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4
Q

Don’t give contrast to what type of pts?

A

CKD DMs as contrast AKI is most common

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5
Q

Small cystic dilations of medullary collecting ducts discovered incidentally?

A

Medullary Sponge Kidney

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6
Q

Most common genetic cause of ESRD in children?

A

Nephronophthisis

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7
Q

Pt inability to concentrate urine, has small kidneys

A

Medullary cystic kidney disease

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8
Q

Cartilage formation over large cysts in kidneys. No fibrosis

A

Multicystic renal dysplasia

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9
Q

Pt gets ESRD while undergoing dialysis. What is she at risk for getting?

A

Calcium Oxalate crystasl and RCC

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10
Q

Common yellow corticol tumor.

A

Renal papillary adenoma

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11
Q

Large tan brown with central stellate scar. abundant mitochondria

A

Oncotyoma

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12
Q

The most common RCC is what gene?

A

VHL for clear cell

MET for papillary

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13
Q

Type B intercalated cell of collecting duct

A

Chromophobe carcinoma

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14
Q

You see a tumor with epithelial, stromal, and blastemal cells. What is the most critical prognostic element?

A

Presence of diffuse anaplasia

This is Wilms Tumor

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15
Q

Most common place of ureter obstruction?

A

Ureteropelvic junction;
followed by:
- iliac vessels (pelvic inlet)
- where they enter bladder.

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16
Q

What’s an IgG4 related idiopathic disease that fibrose the retroperitoneum.

A

Sclerosing retroperitoneal fibrosis!

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17
Q

mast cell mediated

A

interstitial Hunners disease. chornic pelvic pain.

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18
Q

Chronic E. Coli infection creates foamy macrophages which….?

A

Cause michaelis guttman bodies –> Malakoplakia

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19
Q

Brunn nest transitional ephtelium

A

Cystitis cystica and cystitis granularis (when it turns cuboidal).

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20
Q

Shed tubular cells that implant and reproduce in teh uroepithelium

A

Nephrogenic adenoma

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21
Q

Children bladder cancers?
Adults baldder cancers?
Most common?

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma
Adults: Leiomyosarcoma
Noninvasive papillary tumors

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22
Q

What is balanoposthitis?

A

Nonspecific infection of foreskin

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23
Q

Koilocytosis and hyperplasia with sessile or pedunculated red papillary excrescences is from what strains? Is this benign or malignant?

BOwenoid and BOwen

A

HPV 6, 11; condyloma acuminatum; benign

HPV 16 - malignant

BOwenoid resolves on it’s own
Bowen precursor

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24
Q

Epididymitis and orhcitis is more than likely what infectious agent?

A

Gram (-) rods

UTIs

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25
Middle aged man has a painless mass in his scrotum. Bx reveals an autoimmuen spermatic tubule granuloma. What if this was caused by gonorrhea?
Granulomatous orchitis. Suppurative orchitis
26
Pt without vaccination presents with bilateral enlargement of salivary glands and pain in scrotum
Mumps orchitis
27
If a pt has obliterative endarteritis you can suspect
Syphilis
28
Cancers in the upper pole of the epididymis are malignant or benign?
Benign adenomatoid tumors
29
Pt presents with AMS and breathing difficulties. Further physican exam reveals mass in testicle. What labs do you think?
Choriocarcinoma spreads hematogenously to brain and lung. high hCG. Sheets and cords appearance
30
Pt with a mass in testicles. On bx, yellow and mucinous. It isthe most common tumor in boys less than 3.. What morph finding is diagnostic
Yolk sac tumor high AFP, Schiller-Duval bodies
31
Pt presents with high hCG and normal AFP. the mass is painful
Embryonal carcinoma
32
High ALP, painless. Most common testicular tumor. What do you do with it?
Seminoma | Excellent prognosis after radical orchiectomy
33
The most common testicular cancer in older men.
Metz from Hodgkin lymphoma: Tericular lymphoma
34
Pt has incresaed PSA and ALP. DRE reveals a hard prostate. What genetic mutations are involved? Where does it metz?
Prostatic adenocarcinoma Glutathione S Transfersae GSTP1 TMPRSS2, most common acquired blood --> bone
35
You see U waves on EKG, what's the electrolyte abnormality
Hypokalemia
36
A pt has low RBF and GFR, which diuretic will still work?
loop do not work well: Thiazide
37
What is the mechanism of vaptans? tolvaptan? | When do you use these?
Blocks ADH hormone receptor in CD (prevents aquaporins), decreases water reabsorption Tolvaptan: V2 selective hypervolemia, euvolemia hyponatremia
38
Pt eats a bunch of licorice. what happens?
Increases systolic blood pressure by potentiating aldosterone effects
39
A patient being treated for bipolar is given an effective therapy. What is the pt at risk for
Nephrogenic DI If pts has nephrogenic diabetes, give thiazide; unless it's caused by Li+, then give amiloride.
40
Arterial pressure is determiend by what?
Cardiac output * Peripheral Resistance
41
Trousseau's sign and Chvostek sign makes you think what
Hypocalcemia
42
What is a unique reabosprotino electrolyte?
MOst of Mg is reabsorbed in TAL
43
What channel doesn't degrade properly in Liddle syndrome?
ENaC
44
How to you treat the RTAs? RTA 1 RTA 2 RTA3
RTA1: - often causes kidney stones bc of the alkali envirnoment; use sodium bicarbonate to treat acidotic blood and alkalinic urine. - Watch for low K+ and treat this. RTA2: - POtassium citrate RTA4: - reduce K+
45
Pt with uncomplciated cystitis. What do you give them? Pyelo?
Cystitis 1. Nitrofurantoin, sulfa, or fosfomycin ``` Pyelo: 1. Fluoros 2. TMP SMX 3. aztreonam Comp pyelo 1. Ceftriaxone ``` Prostatitis TMP SMX
46
Phenazopytidine would be used when? Side effect?
Anesthesia of the genitalia during peeing | Makes pee orange
47
How do you treat the bone defects associated with chronic kidney disease
Calcitriol decreases the increase in PTH that you get
48
azotemia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis
OBSTRUCTION
49
False positives in hematuria
Myoglobin alkaline urine (proteus) Pts who take Vit C
50
APOl1 gene
Hypertensive nephrosclorosis podocyte mutation
51
Syphilis can cause what glomerular nephroapthy
membranous glomerulonephritis
52
Autoregulation is impaired. what is the pt doing
taking nsaids
53
hemoglobin in a urine sample can be causedby
HUS, burns nephritis hemolysis
54
Pt with asymptomatic hematuria has a family hx
Thin basment membrane disease
55
GFR Categories G1-G5 albumin in pee A1-A3
``` G1: >90 G2 60-90 G3a 45 G3b 30 G4 15 -30 G5 <15 ``` A1 Less tahn 30, normal A2 30-300 increaed A3 over 300
56
A pt is having bone defects in chronic renal failure. What CKD stage is she at? What otehr sx does she ahve in this stage? WHat sx will she get in the next stage?
Stage 3; twitches, hiccups, cramps Acidosis and hyperkalemia stage 4 SEnsory> motor defects LE > UE
57
A pt with myelomeningocele or spinal cord trauma
Neurogenic bladder
58
What type of carcinoma obstructs ureters at UPJ or UVJ?
Transitional cell CA
59
How do you define and stage acute renal injury? What about CKD?
By the rate of rise serum creatine GFR
60
If they have gross hematuria what do you gotta watch out for?
IgA and SCD
61
Tx of septic shock
Vasopressor

Renal Quizzam 1 (2 decks)

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