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FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

what loop has the best absopriton

A

bumetanide

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2
Q

WHICH LOOP HAS THE LONGES HALF LIFE

A

TORSEMIDE

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3
Q

what do you need to monitor with loop

A

hypoK Cr Mg WEIGHT

No more than 1 lb a day

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4
Q

only loop without a sulfa structure

A

ethacrynic acid

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5
Q

where do thiazides work

A

inhibit NaCl reabsorption in the DCT

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6
Q

which SE do Thiazides have that loops don’t

A

inhances Ca reabsoription which can lead to Ca renal stones

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7
Q

thiazide aDE

A

high serum glucose
high lipedemia
hyperCa
hyperurecemia

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8
Q

Which Thiazde does not cause hyperlipedemia

A

indapidmide

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9
Q

which diuretic can be used for osteoporosis

A

thiazides

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10
Q

which hyprlipid drug is CI in pts with a TG>400

A

bile

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11
Q

which BAS has the least drug binding

A

colesevelam

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12
Q

what is the limiting dose for Niacin

A

2g

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13
Q

what kind of drug is chlorthalidone

A

Thiazide diuretic

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14
Q

Aldosterone antagonist should nto be taken with

A

NSAIDS will lose effect

ACEI ARB or renin inhibitor : hyperkalemia

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15
Q

less steroid effects are seen with this aldosterone antagonis

A

eplerenone

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16
Q

mannitol is only given

A

IV

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17
Q

which diuretic would we use for a pt with Cr<30

A

LOOP

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18
Q

how does trimterene work?

A

distal tubule Na reasorbtion inhibitor and K sparing

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19
Q

what are the ADE of trimeterene

A

RENAL STONES
hyper K
metrabolic acidosis

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20
Q

what do you need to do inorder to use mannitol

A

make sure you have good renal function and give test dose in pts with pulmonary edema

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21
Q

two aDH agonists and how they are used

A

vasopression and desmopression

bed wetting
diabetes insipidous
esophageal variceal bleeding

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22
Q

MOA of ADH agonists

A

causes vasoconstriction and increases H20 permeability

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23
Q

name the ADH antagonists and how they are used

A

Conivaptan -IV ONLY
tolvaptan - PO ONLY

used for euvolemic pts with hyponatremia

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24
Q

how do SLG2 inhibitors work for HTN

A

block NA glucose transporter
indicated for DM
increased UTI

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25
what is CI w/ nitrates
PDE5 inhibitors
26
best beta blocker for HTN and HF or angina prophylaxis
metorpolol succinate atenelol is also cardioselective carvedilol
27
which CCB result in greatest amount of vasodilation
pines amlodopine nidfedipine
28
which CCB can be used in HF
diltizem and verapimil b/c of the negative inotropic effects
29
ADE of CCB
pereferal edema seen more in pines than verabimil
30
when would you use ranolazine
when you ranolazine out of options for angina reduced late Na current that facilitates Ca entry via Na/C exchanger leading to decreaed contractility
31
main ADR w/ ranaolazine
QT prolongation | qt watch
32
when would you want to avoid spironolactone or eplerenone in HF
sCR>2 | or in a pt with K >5
33
how do ACE's work and what is their suffex
what a PRIL they inhibit ACE in the lungs inhibiting the conversion of angeostensin 2 reduces cardiac remodeling inhibit the breakdown of bradykinen leading to cough
34
indications for ACE
CHF DM HTN-risk ofr stepp BP drop
35
All ACEs are prodrugs except for
lisinopril | captopril
36
ACE CI in
pregnancy!!! | bilateral stenosis
37
ACE should be used with caution in
renal issues, | SBP<80
38
how should ACE be taken
not with food unless it's enalipril or lisinopril
39
caution with lisinipril
liver function
40
why would we use a ACE over ARB
ACE>ARB in decreasing mortality if you can't get well join the dark side (sartan)
41
name all the ARBS
cadesartan irbesartan lorsartan valsartan
42
how long should you wait after stopping ACEI before tarting ARB
6 weeks
43
how do ARBS work
selectively block angiotensin type II
44
when are ARBS CI
2nd and 3rd trimester pregnancy | caution in SB<80, Low Na, and poor renal funx
45
what would you want to monitor on a pt taking an ARB
BP, Cr, K
46
neprolysin inhibitor/ARB
sacubitril/valsartan ERNESTO HFrEF after using ACE/ARB/ BB and MRA (aldosterone antagonist) wait 36 hrs before using ernesto \ CI with ACEO
47
what is hydralizine used for
HFrEF as an add on works as a vasodilator for systolic dysfunction
48
digoxins effect on AP
shortens duration
49
effect os erythromyocin and tetracyclin on digoxin
decrease bioavilability
50
effects of cyclosporin on digoxin
increases
51
dig levels should be
<2ng/ml | if greater than 6 than mortality is high
52
normal half life od digoxin
1.6-2 sayd
53
alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists what are they and what are the indications
doxazosin, terazosin and prazosin not 1st line because showed higher risk for CVD HF than thiazides ZOSIN
54
why would you want to steer clear of a alpha 1 adrenergic agonist zosin in elderly women
because they cause stress incontinence floppy iris syndrome?
55
what are we worried about with prazosin specifically
first dose can cause syncope especially with BB avoid at night can induce HF
56
what are the ADE of hydralizine
``` reflex tachy fluid retention lupus syndrome makes anginea worse HA flushing ```
57
what is minidroxil indicated for ?
rogaine! mainly for severe HTN with severe renal insufficiency because this drug is hepatically eleminated usually used with a diuretic
58
who should we avoid minidroxil in?
makes angina worse avoid in CAD can also induce pericardial effusion
59
what is the suffex for SGLT2 inhibitors
FLOZIN
60
what BB is recommended for HTN in pregnant pts
labetalol
61
What are some ADE sepecific to dihydropyridines
gingival hyperplasia | pedal edema
62
what CCB can be used in hypertensive emergencies
clevidipine IV
63
clevidipine IS CI in
soy or egg allergy or dyslipidemia
64
this drug inhibits funny currents prolonging diastole and reducing HR
ivabradine funny IVA
65
ADE of ivabradine
prolonged QT afibb heart block brady
66
DRUGS for decompensated HF
nitroprusside dobutamine dopamine nesiritde
67
potent vasodialator that can be used in HTN emergencies of in decomp HF
nitroprusside
68
cyanide toxicity is associated with this cardio med
nitroprusside
69
what do you have to monitor with a pt on nitroprusside
thiocynate levels
70
B1 agonists
dobutamine used for decompensated HF increased contractility, HR, and CO, but also increases oxygen demand so can only be used short term
71
how does dopamine work for decompensated HF
activates D2 receptros which leads to dilation activates B1 in the heart can be used to increase renal blood flow or for SHOCK
72
how does nesiritide help pts with decompensated HF
binds to vascular smooth muscle and leads to increased cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation
73
when would we use nesirited
onlu in pts with acute decompensated HF who were unresponsive to nitro may increase mortality and should be last line
74
ADR os nesiritide
hypotension hypersensitiviy renal damage
75
what is aliskrin
direct renin inhibitor
76
when is aliskrin CI
in pregnant pts in pts with DM in pts taking ACE or ARB
77
drugs for HTN emergencies
nitroprusside fenoldopam phentolamine nitroglycerin
78
how does fenoldopam work
selective D1 agonist and alpha2 agonist: vasodilator and increases renal blood flow could be good for renal insufficiency
79
phentolamine MOA and indications
used for HTN emergencies

Pharm II (16 decks)

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