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Philosophy 3 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Visceral afferent nerve impulses reflexively cause somatic problems through the mechanism of anterior horn cell facilitation

A

Viscerosomatic reflex hypothesis

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2
Q

the subluxation can lead to lowered tissue resistance and compromise the body’s ability to adapt to microorganisms

A

Neurodystrophic/neuroimmune hypothesis

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3
Q

the subluxation can involve facilitation of lateral horn cells, leading to visceral dysfunction via altered sympathetic innervation

A

somatoautonomic/somatovisceral reflex hypothesis

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4
Q

distortion of the intervertebral foramen causes mechanical compression, stretch, traction, or torsion of spinal nerves or nerve roots with subsequent injury and dysfunction

A

nerve compression hypothesis

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5
Q

articular alterations and nociceptive signals from subluxated motion segments cause dysafferentation to the spinal cord, disrupting normal postural muscle tone, and reflexively disturbing other somatic functions as well

A

somatosomatic/somatomotor reflex hypothesis

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6
Q

Neurotrophic support can be adversely affected by the disruption of axoplasmic transport mechanisms

A

axoplasmic aberration hypothesis

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7
Q

Cervical subluxations can cause vascular insufficiency to the brain by direct arterial compression

A

vertebrobasilar arterial insufficiency hypothesis

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8
Q

Subluxations can affect mental state and the emotions

A

somatopsychic hypothesis

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9
Q

Mental stress can cause subluxations through postural changes, diaphragm tension, and other neurologic effects

A

psychogenic hypothesis

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10
Q

upper cervical misalignments can cause stress to the spinal cord

A

spinal cord compression/myelopathy hypothesis

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11
Q

Which structure/s is/are affected first by very slight amounts of compression of the contents of the intervertebral foramen?

A

veins and lymphatic vessels

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12
Q

The vertebrobasilar arterial insufficiency hypothesis is based on what proposed mechanism?

A

subluxations of the cervical segments can cause direct pressure on the vertebral arteries, obstructing the lumen of the vessels, and causing a loss of blood flow to the brain

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13
Q

The axoplasmic aberration hypothesis is the suggestion that ________?

A

axoplasmic transport may be altered in certain cases in which the spinal nerve roots are compressed or irritated by the intervertebral subluxation

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14
Q

Within the IVF there is a connective tissue structure which divides the IVF into compartments, and therefore limits the ability of other IVF components to avoid compression trauma. What is this structure?

A

transforaminal ligament

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15
Q

The neurodystrophic hypothesis is the concept that: _______

A

neural dysfunction lowers the resistance of the body to infectious agents

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16
Q

Why are veins and lymphatic vessels important structures in the trophic models of subluxation?

A

they are more quickly affected by compression than other IVF components

17
Q

One of Irvin Korr’s contributions to the knowledge base concerning the nature of the subluxation was his work in the area of:

A

axoplasmic transport and neurotrophic effects

18
Q

Which is one of the trophic models of subluxation complex?

A

intraneural microcirculation ischemia

19
Q

Sleep disturbances, emotional changes, and symptoms of altered cognitive function as a result of subluxation effects are among the effects explained by the ____ hypothesis

A

somatopsychic

20
Q

What is the name of the hypothesis that decreased cerebral blood flow due to several subluxation effects can cause “hibernation” of certain brain functions?

A

cerebral dysfunction theory

21
Q

Ischemic conditions affecting nerves tend to first cause ____

A

hyperirritability

22
Q

A patient experiences a recurrent spinal subluxation associated with an overuse inflammation of tendons at the elbow. What hypothesis explains the possible mechanism involved?

A

somatosomatic reflex

23
Q

A child with chronic relapsing ear infections experiences much better health, and a decrease in the frequency and severity of infections after receiving chiropractic care. What hypothesis is used to explain this experience?

A

neurodystrophic

24
Q

A patient experiences significant emotional stress that is found to cause a frequent recurrence of subluxations. What hypothesis applies to this situation?

A

psychogenic, or psychosomatic

25
Q

What level of care does Dr. Strand apparently consider to be the “ideal” in chiropractic practice?

A

Chiropractors attempt to restore normal structure and function by reducing, stabilizing, or correcting subluxation complexes; they also work with patients in preventing the occurrence or recurrence of subluxations

26
Q

How can chronic mental stress be a factor in the cause or perpetuation of subluxation complexes?

A

All of the above (refer to test if you care)

27
Q

The “Loeser Pain Hierarchy” illustrates what concept relating to subluxation?

A

“pain behavior” can persist after tissue healing has taken place

28
Q

What is a mechanism by which a person who has a major surgery might develop a subluxation complex afterwar?

A

More than one of the above (….refer to test again if you care)

29
Q

How can exercise help prevent subluxations?

A

All of the above (refer to test if you care)

30
Q

T/F A nerve undergoing compression stress may temporarily demonstrate reduced axoplasmic flow characteristics, while continuing to conduct impulses normally

A

True

31
Q

T/F A person with a job that involves repetitive motions or positions that are habitual will be less likely to develop subluxations than will a person whose work habits involve constantly varied activity

A

False

32
Q

T/F A long-time cigarette smoker may show evidence of an upper thoracic subluxation complex possibly through the mechanism of the viscerosomatic reflex

A

True

33
Q

T/F If a person has never suffered an accident or fall, it is not likely that the chiropractor will find evidence of subluxation complex in that person

A

False

34
Q

T/F The causes of subluxation include mechanical, chemical, and mental forms of stress

A

True

35
Q

T/F D.D. Palmer believed that the toxins in food, drink, and medications could cause spinal subluxations

A

True

36
Q

Gravity can be considered to be a continuous microtraumatic stress that can be a factor in causing subluxations

A

True

37
Q

The patient’s emotional state does not have an effect on the response to adjustments, or the ability to maintain correction

A

False

38
Q

Moderate general exercise is one factor that can help prevent the occurrence of subluxation complexes

A

True

39
Q

Chiropractic care has been reported to help certain patients with insomnia, and emotional disorders such as neuroses

A

True

Philosophy 3 (1 decks)

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