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chemistry final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Something that dictates the ways in which we operate in our everyday lives is called?

A

Worldview

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2
Q

The Creation Mandate calls us to?

A

Use wise dominion over creation

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3
Q

Simplified representations that characterize a system or explain a phenomenon is known as?

A

Scientific Method

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4
Q

Chemists can only be found working in labs?

A

False

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5
Q

Chemistry is?

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass

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6
Q

Numerical data is also known as?

A

Quantitative

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7
Q

Science is?

A

The total collection of knowledge gained through the systematic observations of nature

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8
Q

What science probes nature simply to learn new things?

A

Pure science

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9
Q

In what type of experiment is only one condition varied at a time to isolate and measure its effects on the outcome?

A

Controlled

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10
Q

The data collected through an experiment is called?

A

Empirical

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11
Q

Anything that occupies space and has mass is called?

A

Matter

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12
Q

A nucleus contains protons and?

A

Neutrons

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13
Q

Changes that occur in a material without changing the identity of a material are?

A

Physical changes

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14
Q

Which are positively charged?

A

Protons

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15
Q

What mixtures consists of 2 or more materials?

A

Heterogeneous

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16
Q

What is more aligned with solids?

A

Definite shape

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17
Q

What do we call that constant motion of particles?

A

Brownian motion

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18
Q

The chemical changes that produce heat are?

A

Exothermic

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19
Q

What law states that all natural processes tend toward the highest entropy and minimum usable energy?

A

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

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20
Q

What state of matter could be the most common and is found on stars?

A

Plasma

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21
Q

The act of comparing an unknown quantity to a standard unit is known as?

A

Measurement

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22
Q

The base unit for measurement for the SI is the?

A

Meter

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23
Q

What us an assessment of the exactness of a measurement?

A

Precision

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24
Q

When adding and subtracting data, it must have the same units?

A

True

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25
Q

What compares the magnitude of the measurement error with the size of the measurement?

A

Percent error

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26
Q

Precision can change when multiplying and dividing data?

A

False

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27
Q

The number of - in the nucleus is called an atoms atomic number

A

Protons

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28
Q

Who developed a mathematical model of the atom?

A

Niels Bohr

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29
Q

What principle states that we cannot know both the energy and the momentum of an electron at the same time?

A

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

30
Q

What do we call the 4 numbers that represent the energy, momentum and probable location of an electron?

A

Quantum numbers

31
Q

Who was the first to develop an atomic model based on experimented evidence?

A

John Dalton

32
Q

The modern periodic table is credited to?

A

Mendeleev

33
Q

The vertical columns on the periodic table are called?

A

Family/Group

34
Q

The distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost electron is?

A

Atomic Radius

35
Q

Was the first chemist to quantify electronegativity?

A

Pauling

36
Q

What is colorless, odorless, and tasteless?

A

Hydrogen

37
Q

Which is a graphic description of how elements differ from one another?

A

Periodic table

38
Q

Who suggested that elements be arranged according to their atomic number?

A

Henry Mosley

39
Q

The elements produced by manmade nuclear reactions were called the?

A

Transuranium elements

40
Q

What type of ions have lost electrons to make them have positive charge?

A

Cations

41
Q

The energy required to remove the first electron from its outermost shell is the?

A

Electron Affinity

42
Q

The measure of the attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons is?

A

Electronegativity

43
Q

Which are soft metals that are very creative because of a single loosely held electron?

A

Alkali Metals

44
Q

Which element also forms its own group?

A

Hydrogen

45
Q

Which type of elements have characteristics that lie somewhere between metals and nonmetals?

A

Metalloids

46
Q

Which are named because they form salts when they react with other reactive metals?

A

Halogens

47
Q

What does the modern periodic law state?

A

The physical and chemical properties of the elements are the periodic function of their atomic number

48
Q

What are some of the uses of hydrogen?

A

Fuel and Bombs

49
Q

Which element has the strongest electronegativity?

A

Fluorine

50
Q

List 2 properties of the transition metals

A

Hard and Conductors

51
Q

What do we call elements that combine with oxygen?

A

Oxides

52
Q

What do we call elements that combine with sulfur?

A

Sulfides

53
Q

By obtaining a full valence shell, atoms maximize what?

A

Stability

54
Q

Atoms with fever than 4 valence electrons tend to?

A

Lose more electrons

55
Q

Covalent bonds are typically between two?

A

Nonmetals

56
Q

Delocalized electrons act as a - in metallic bonds

A

Glue

57
Q

Solid ionic compounds are - - of heat and electricity

A

Poor conductors

58
Q

Atoms naturally link with other atoms to form?

A

Chemical Bonds

59
Q

Which bonds are formed by sharing electrons?

A

Covalent

60
Q

Atoms that bond using delocalized electrons form?

A

Metallic Bonds

61
Q

What is the tendency of an object to from 2 localized regions of opposite character?

A

Polarity

62
Q

A single line is Lewis structure represents what?

A

A pair of electrons

63
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

The tendency of atoms attempting to gain enough electrons to fill their valence shell

64
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

A bond between a metal and nonmetal; usually steals an electron; has a high electronegativity

65
Q

List 2 elements that are diatomic?

A

Hydrogen and Fluorine

66
Q

What bonds involve 2 atoms in which one of them steals electrons from the other?

A

Ionic

67
Q

Sigma bonds are - than the combination os sigma and pi bonds?

A

Weaker

68
Q

There are exceptions to the?

A

Octet rule

69
Q

Anti bonding orbitals destabilize the?

A

Molecule

70
Q

When electrons are shared equally, the bond is called a?

A

Polar covalent bond

71
Q

What type of bond is pi bond?

A

Orbitals are connected side-to-side

chemistry final (1 decks)

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