Final

Question 1

Two Components of Sexual selection

Answer 1

Intrasexual: Male-Male competition
Intersexual: Female choice

Question 2

Anisogamy

Answer 2

Obvious phenotypic differences between males and females

Question 3

3 bases for how females choose mates

Answer 3

1. Good resources
2. Sexy son
3. Good genes

Question 4

Polygyny

Answer 4

One male mates with 2+ females

ex. elephant seals

Question 5

Polyandry

Answer 5

One female mates with 2+ males

ex. sandpiper

Question 6

Monogamy

Answer 6

A consistent pair

Question 7

Serial Monogamy

Answer 7

A succession of a monogamy system

Question 8

Polygynandry

Answer 8

Females and males form many pair bonds

ex. badger

Question 9

Human Ovulatory cycle:

Follicular stage

Answer 9

Days 1-11

menstruation and thickening on the womb

Question 10

Human Ovulatory cycle:

Ovulation

Answer 10

Days 12-16

Ovum releases from ovary and travels to fallopian tube

Question 11

Human Ovulatory cycle:

Luteal Phase

Answer 11

Days 17-28
If fertilization doesn’t occur, corpus lute dissolves
Uterine line detaches leading to menstruation

Question 12

Extra-pair copulations and fertilization

Answer 12

A promiscuous mating behavior in monogamous species

mating outside of the pairing

Question 13

Sperm competition

Answer 13

The competitive process between spermatozoa of 2+ males

Question 14

Hidden Ovulation

Answer 14

Lack of any perceptible change in adult females when she is near ovulation

Question 15

Hormone

Answer 15

chemical messenger

Question 16

Testosterone

Answer 16

A steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics,
produced in testes

Question 17

Inhibin

Answer 17

gonadal hormone that inhibits secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 18

Leydig cells

Answer 18

Adjacent to seminiferous tubules in testicles,

produce testosterone in presence of luteinizing hormone

Question 19

hormones for females

Answer 19

responsible for energy production and reproductive system

Question 20

Estrogen

Answer 20

group of steroid hormones, promote the development and main

Question 21

Progesterone

Answer 21

steroid hormone released by corpus lute that stimulates the uterus for pregnancy

Question 22

Gestation

Answer 22

carrying of an embryo or fetus inside viviparous animals, occurs in uterus

Question 23

Conception

Answer 23

occurs in Fallopian tubes, linkes ovary to uterus

Question 24

Placenta

Answer 24

acts to provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, while removing carbon dioxide and other waste products

Question 25

Embryonic development

Answer 25

Zygote > Morula > Blastula > Gastrula

Question 26

Three types of germ lines

Answer 26

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

Question 27

Oxytocin

Answer 27

Peptide hormone, Induces smooth muscle contraction in uterus and mammary glands

Question 28

Male bonding

Answer 28

having sex before war

Question 29

Kin Selection

Answer 29

Evolution of “altruistic traits” due to enhancement of reproduction
-Coefficient of relatedness

Question 30

Inclusive Fitness

Answer 30

Overall contribution of an individual to the gene pool of the next generation is the same of
Own reproduction = direct component of fitness
Enhanced reproduction of related individuals = indirect component of fitness

Question 31

Sexual antagonistic hypothesis

Answer 31

A trait that increases the reproductive output of one sex but decreases the other

Question 32

Pathogen

Answer 32

Microorganisms that are capable of causing disease

Question 33

Immune system

Answer 33

the body’s defense against infectious organisms and other invaders

Question 34

Humoral Immunity

Answer 34

mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular fluids

ex. antibodies, complement proteins, and certain antimicrobial peptides

Question 35

Cell-mediated immunity

Answer 35

no antibodies, uses activation of phagocytes, antigen cytotoxic T-lymphnodes