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Immigration, Ethnicity & The American Experience > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Puritan Schism?

A

A split between two Puritan groups in the early 1600s-the Separatists and the non-Separatists.

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2
Q

What did the Separatists want?

A

No connection with the Church of England whatsoever

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3
Q

What did the non-Separatists want?

A

Wanted to reform the CofE by setting such an example that they would see the ‘City on the Hill’

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4
Q

Which colony did the Separatists create?

A

Plymouth Colony

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5
Q

Which colony did the non-Separatists create?

A

Massachusetts Bay Colony

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6
Q

Who led the non-Separatists?

A

John Winthrop

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7
Q

What was Arminianism?

A

The belief in 16th & 17th Century Christianity that not every aspect of one’s life was predetermined by God before birth.

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8
Q

Where was Arminianism popular?

A

Early 17th Century CofE

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9
Q

Who was Arminianism the anathema to?

A

Puritans

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10
Q

What is the first reason Arminianism was significant?

A

Because the appointment of bishops who supported Arminianism in the early 17th Century pushed many Puritans to leave for the U.S.

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11
Q

What was the second reason Arminianism was significant?

A

It reflects how important religion and doctrinal controversies could be as this one controversy in the CofE pushed many to emigrate thousands of miles.

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12
Q

What was City Upon a Hill?

A

A term from the bible which the governor of MA Bay Colony, John Winthrop used to describe his vision for the colony

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13
Q

What does City Upon a Hill mean?

A

It indicates Winthrop’s desire to make MA Bay Colony an example to those back in England of what religion and society could be like

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14
Q

What is the first reason why City Upon a Hill is significant?

A

It is significant because it laid out a vision for more immigrants to arrive and for their new society.

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15
Q

What is the second reason why City Upon a Hill is significant?

A

It is also significant because this term has become a staple of political speechwriting. JFK used it but more famously Reagan used the term to describe how he believed immigrants coming to America did so with the intention of becoming American & as such they should open their doors to them.

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16
Q

Who was Jacob Riis?

A

Jacob Riis was a Danish immigrant who was famous for his photographs of life in tenements

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17
Q

When was Jacob Riis taking his photos?

A

Late 19th Century

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18
Q

How did Riis take these photos?

A

He would do so by following NYC Police on their raids on tenement neighborhoods or by posing scenes of typical tenement life.

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19
Q

What is the first reason Jacob Riis is significant?

A

His photos led to a wider awareness of how immigrants in tenements lived

20
Q

What is the second reason Riis is significant?

A

Riis advocated for better conditions leading to the NY State Tenement House Act of 1901

21
Q

What were America Letters?

A

America Letters were letters written by immigrants back home about their lives in America

22
Q

What is the first reason America Letters were significant?

A

They are significant as an indicator of immigrant life, detailing details of nativism to what they ate

23
Q

What is the second reason America Letters were significant?

A

The letters that immigrants sent home urged their relatives to come to America and were significant pull factors

24
Q

Who were Padrones?

A

Padrones were older, Italian immigrant men in the 1870s would take children from families promising to train their children as musicians when in reality they were taking them for child labor

25
Q

What is the first reason Padrones were significant?

A

Padrones are a main reason to how many Italian immigrant children came over to the US

26
Q

What is the second reason Padrones were significant?

A

Newspaper interviews with children brought over by Padrones brought the public’s attention to the issue of Child Labor

27
Q

What was Slumming?

A

Slumming was where a typically higher class of people would visit poorer neighborhoods, such as Five Points, to see conditions

28
Q

What is the first reason Slumming is significant?

A

While mainly an act of amusement Slumming brought a greater awareness of the bad conditions immigrants lived in and led to better conditions

29
Q

What is the second reason Slumming is significant?

A

Slumming also provided immigrants with a potential revenue stream, allowing them to charge the ‘slummers’ for a tour and even an ‘immigrant meal’

30
Q

What was a ‘Bird of Passage’?

A

Immigrants, mainly S/E Europeans, who would come to the U.S. for work and then return to their homelands

31
Q

What is the first reason ‘birds of passage’ are significant?

A

They reflect an alternative to the traditional immigrant narrative of moving for a better life. In these cases they just desired the money

32
Q

What is a second reason for ‘birds of passage’ being significant?

A

This made it harder for Italian immigrant to assimilate into America as they had no intention of staying

33
Q

Who was Roger Williams?

A

Roger Williams was a Puritan minister exiled from the MA Bay Colony by John Winthrop for his ‘heresy’. He founded RI in 1636.

34
Q

Firstly, why was Roger Williams significant?

A

He would found the RI Colony in 1636 and then the first American Baptist congregation in 1638

35
Q

What is a second reason Roger Williams is significant?

A

Williams also represents the divisions with the Puritan congregations of America

36
Q

Who was Anne Hutchinson?

A

She was a popular Puritan in MA Bay Colony who led Bible Studies.

37
Q

Why was Anne Hutchinson controversial?

A

She accused many prominent Puritan ministers of not being true saints.

38
Q

What is one reason Anne Hutchinson was significant?

A

Hutchinson revealed the inability of the Puritans to cope with nonconformity

39
Q

What is another reason Anne Hutchinson was significant?

A

She was one of the first women proponents of religious freedom in America, laying out precedent for future colonies.

40
Q

What was Steerage?

A

Steerage was the lowest/cheapest class a passenger sailing to America could take. Often saw deplorable conditions aboard.

41
Q

What is one reason Steerage is important?

A

The lack of sanitary conditions meant many would either die on the ship (15%) or have to be detained at the Ellis Island hospital

42
Q

What is another reason Steerage is important?

A

The conditions in steerage, sickness and for women, sexual assault, was such an experience it discouraged many to return.

43
Q

What is Five Points?

A

An infamous immigrant neighborhood on the Lower East Side of New York

44
Q

Why was Five Points so popular amongst immigrants?

A

Despite the living conditions and crime it was an affordable neighborhood for those arriving in NY

45
Q

What is one reason Five Points was significant?

A

Five Points became the site of the

Immigration, Ethnicity & The American Experience (1 decks)

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