Final

Question 1

What is SARA Title III?

Answer 1

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (1986 under Reagan): This act amended the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), commonly known as Superfund.

A free-standing law, the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA) was commonly known as SARA Title III. Its purpose is to encourage and support emergency planning efforts at the state and local levels and to provide the public and local governments with information concerning potential chemical hazards present in their communities.

Question 2

EPCRA (1986):

Answer 2

Purpose:
To encourage and support emergency planning for responding to chemical accidents.

To provide local governments and the public information about possible chemical hazards in their communities.

Question 3

CAMEO

Answer 3

CAMEOis computer software primarily used:For chemical emergency planningFor chemical response; and For regulatory compliance (e.g., SARA Title III (EPCRA), OPA, RCRA). CAMEO is a suite and MARPLOT, CAMEO, and ALOHA are included in it.

CAMEO is a system of software applications used to plan for and respond to chemical emergencies. Developed by EPA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to assist front-line chemical emergency planners and responders, CAMEO can access, store, and evaluate information critical for developing emergency plans.

CAMEO Answers These Questions:
What hazards are at this site?Where is the hazard located?What is the chemical?What specific hazard(s) does it present?How can the hazard be mitigated?

Question 4

ALOHA

Answer 4

ALOHA stands for Areal Locations of Hazardous AtmospheresALOHA is an air dispersion model to evaluate hazardous chemical release scenarios and predict dispersion.

Estimates impact distances from releases of hazardous substancesUsing toxicological and physical properties of released chemicalUsing real-time conditionsPlots the predicted affected area, as well as concentrations at important locationsProvides estimates, not precise answers

Answers these questions: What is the release rate forming the cloud?What is the danger from release of the chemical?What areas downwind may be affected?

Question 5

MARPLOT

Answer 5

MARPLOT® is the mapping program for the CAMEO® software suite, which is used widely to plan for and respond to chemical emergencies.

MARPLOT’s easy-to-use GIS interface allows you to add objects to a map, as well as view and edit data associated with the objects. You can choose between several background basemap images, and you can customize your map further with annotations and online layers from Web Mapping Services. You can also interact with the map in other ways, such as getting population estimates within an area. MARPLOT can be run by itself as a general mapping program. It can also be used interactively with programs in the CAMEO suite to display ALOHA® threat zone estimates on the map or to link map objects to database records in CAMEOfm.

Question 6

Define Evacuation

Answer 6

To move citizens from a place of relative danger to a place of relative safety, via a route that does not pose significant danger.

Question 7

What three types of populations cannot evacuate alone and need to be planned for?

Answer 7

1.Movement of residents who do not own or have access to private vehicles
2.Movement of residents with special needs
3.Movement of institutionalized populations
Prisons/jailsHospitals/Assisted living facilities/nursing homesSchools

Question 8

What are MEF and non-MEF? ARP?

Answer 8

During a COOP, these need to be established. MEF are Mission Essential Functions: Functions that enable an organization to provide vital services, exercise civil authority, maintain safety and well-being of general populace, and sustain industrial and economic base in an emergency.

Non-MEF: Non-Mission Essential Functions, Functions that, although important to the Agency’s mission, can be temporarily postponed or delayed in the interest of efficiency during a crisis situation.

ARP: Alternate Relocation Point, The alternate facility to which the MEF personnel relocate to continue their MEF in the event primary facility(ies) threatened or incapacitated

Question 9

What is the operational objective of a COOP?

Answer 9

Relocate with or without warning to an alternate relocation point (ARP). Be operational within 12 hours. Be able to sustain operations for up to 30 days

Question 10

Levels of Emergency for a nuclear powerplant

Answer 10

Notification of Unusual Event:Potential for degraded safety level. No release of radioactive material.

Alert: Actual or potential substantive degradation of safety level. Releases are expected to be limited to small fractions of EPA exposure levels.

Site Area Emergency: Actual or likely major failures of protection functions. Release of radioactive material is not expected to exceed EPA limits except near the site boundary.

General Emergency: Actual or imminent core degradation or melting with potential loss of containment integrity. Radiation release will exceed EPS exposure guidelines offsite, beyond the immediate area.

Question 11

What is an emergency planning zone (EPZ) and how big are they? How about Ingestion Planning Zone (IPZ)?

Answer 11

EPZ: Extends 10 miles in radius of the NPP. Primary concern is exposure to and inhalation of airborne radioactive contamination.

IPZ: Extends 50 miles in radius around the NPP. Primary concern is the ingestion of food and liquid that is contaminated by radioactivity.

Question 12

For every $1 spent in mitigation and preparedness, how much is saved in response?

Answer 12

$6, making the overall savings $5.

Question 13

What is the logistics facility located near but not inside an effected disaster area?

Answer 13

Logistics Staging Area. All Logistics Staging Areas (LSAs) are staffed and coordinated from the SLRC. (Personnel mobilization and demobilization. LSA staff equipment caches. Plans and coordination of LSA activites)

Question 14

Recovery VS reconstruction

Answer 14

Reconstruction is a phase where damaged and destroyed establishments are built back. Recovery is when people are able to return to normal functions such as people back in jobs and children back in schools.

Question 15

What is the relationship between cost of recovery options and how long they take?

Answer 15

The more money spent upfront means a shorter recovery time. This can be necessary for business because if they take too long to recover they may never actually recover.

Question 16

NFPA Plackard

Answer 16

Blue is health hazard, Red is flammable, Yellow is instability (explosion, violent chemical change), and White is a special hazard (radiation, corrosive, acidic, etc)

The diamond is divided into four colored quadrants,[image] each with a rating number inside of it, and that number indicates the degree of risk associated with the material. The higher the number, the higher the risk!

Plackard identification system instituted by the National Fire Protection Association. The NFPA 704 Diamond is a concise system for identifying the hazards asso[image]ciated with specific materials. This placard would be found on a fixed facility.

Question 17

What is a preliminary damage assessment?

Answer 17

It’s local, state, and federal
(PDA justifies Presidential Declaration, focuses assistance efforts, direction.

It is the last verification step and thus the gateway to a presidential declaration for aid.

“The Preliminary Damage Assessment (PDA) is a joint assessment used to determine the magnitude and impact of an event’s damage. A FEMA/State team will usually visit local applicants and view their damage first-hand to assess the scope of damage and estimate repair costs. The State uses the results of the PDA to determine if the situation is beyond the combined capabilities of the State and local resources and to verify the need for supplemental Federal assistance. The PDA also identifies any unmet needs that may require immediate attention. (FEMA, 2010)”

Question 18

What does FEMA consider when granting a disaster declaration?

Answer 18

How extensive is the damage.
What is the nature of the damage.
What is the impact of these losses on people, businesses, government.
What state, local, and nonprofit resources are already available.
What kind and amount of insurance will cover the losses.
What is the context in terms of other recent disasters in the state.
What is the danger to health, life, and safety.
What federal assistance is available that does not require a declaration.