Final Flashcards
Essay: Advantages of using visual aids
- Enhance a speaker’s credibility
- Improve a speaker’s persuasiveness
- Help a speaker combat stage fright
- Increase the interest of a speaker’s information
Essay: Difference between passive and active agreement in a persuasive speech
Difference is to gain immediate action you want the audience to be convinced to do something with but with the passive agreement they simply have to agree with but not necessarily be encouraged to do anything about it
Essay: Why persuasive speaking is usually more difficult than informative speaking
- inform:The aim of an informative speech is to communicate information clearly and accurately.
- persuade:Change some opinion, attitude, or behavior of an audience.
Types of visual aids
- Objects and models
- Photographs and drawings
- Graphs: line, pie, and bar
- Charts
- Video
- Powerpoint
Types of visual aids
- Objects and models
- Photographs and drawings
- Graphs
- Charts
- Video
- Powerpoint
What is the primary purpose of audience centeredness
To gain response
The tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being
Egocentrism
Paying close attention to message that affect them directly
Egocentrism
Analysis that focuses on factors such as age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, group membership and racial, ethnic, or cultural background
Demographic Audience Analysis
Demographic Audience Analysis should always avoid what
Sterotyping
What two analysis need to be combined
Situational and Demographic Audience Analysis
Analysis is that focus on factors such as size of audience, the physical setting for the speech, in the disposition of the audience towards the topic, speaker, and the occasion
Situational Audience Analysis
What are the three types of graphs?
Line, pie, and bar
Which graph is best for illustrating statistical trend
Line
Which graph is well suited for demonstrating distribution patterns?
Pie
Which graph is effective for showing comparisons between two or more items
Bar
Which graph is effective for showing comparisons between two or more items
Bar
Tips for using powerpoint
- Prepare in advance
- Keep it simple
- Large enough
- Limit amount of text
- Fonts effectively
- Color effectively
- Use images strategically
Know why persuasive speaking is more difficult than other types of speaking
its hard to change people’s beliefs
Reasons why persuasive speaking is more difficult than other types
- Often deal with controversial topics
- They involve attitudes, values, and beliefs
The mental five and take between speaker and listener during a persuasive speech
Mental Dialogue
Speeches commited by memory/ delivered word by word
Mental Dialogue
The portion of audience the speaker most wants to persuade
Tagery audience
Three issues to address when dealing with a question of policy: need, plan, praticality
- Need for the change.
- Offer a specific plan—policy—that will solve the need.
- Show their plan is workable and will solve the need without creating new problems.
Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
- To gain the attention of the audience.
- To show the need for a change.
- To satisfy the sense of need by presenting a plan that will remedy the need.
- To visualize the benefits and practicality of the plan.
- To urge the audience to take action in support of the plan.
Organizational patterns for persuasive speeches
- Problem solution order
- Problem cause solution order
- Comparative advantages
Refers to how an audience regards a speaker’s sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well being of the audience
Competence
Refers to how an audience regards a speaker’s sincerity, trustworthiness, and well being of the audience
Character
Credibility is the audience’s perception of the speaker before the speech begins.
Initial
Credibility is produced by everything a speaker says and does during the speech.
Derived
Credibility is the audience’s perception of the speaker at the end of the speech
Terminal
Assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable.
Bandwagon Fallacy
Introduces an irrelevant issue in order to divert attention from the subject under discussion.
Red Herring Fallacy
- Ethos
- Logos
- Pathos
- Credibility
- Logical Appeal
- Emotional Appeal
Meaning is precise, literal, and objective
Denotative
Meaning is more variable, figurative, and subjective
Connotative
Using language clearly
- immediately comprehensible
- use familiar words
- use concrete words
- eliminate linguistic clutter
Using language vividly
- Use imagery
- Use rhythm
Using language accurately
- vital when using numbers
- Improving vocabulary
Repeating the initial consonant sound in close or adjoining words.
Alliteration
Juxtaposing contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure.
Antithesis
Repetition of initial consonant sounds
Alliteration
A balancing of two opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses.
Antithesis
Identify types of special occasions for speeches
- weddings
- funerals
- dedications
What is the purpose of occasional speeches
To make it special and memorable/ fulfill special needs of the occasion
Speeches of presentation
- brief
- why received
- discuss achievements
- praising other competitors
Speeches of acceptance
- thank people giving it
- acknowledge people who helped
Commemorative speeches
- pay tribute
- inspire audience
- use creative and subtle language
