Final Flashcards by Ilana Kramer

The goal of prosthodontic treatment is to _____

preserve what remains (support remaining teeth / provide substitute for missing teeth)

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In prosthodontics, if there is something “good” it needs to be ____

preserved and worked with

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Relationship of these 3 elements leads to proper estherics

facial compositon (macro)
dentofacial composition (mini)
dental composition (micro)

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Of esthetics..
micro -
mini -
maco -

micro - dental composition
mini - dentofacial composition
macro - facial composition

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Esthetic harmony is ____

harmony depends on equilibrium between distractive elements

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“frame and reference”
what 4 things can be used for the vertical reference lines?

What is “best”

bridge of nose
philtrum ** best
face midline
dental midline

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Face midline should match the ____

maxillary and mandibular midline

**MAX = MORE IMPORTANT bc these show more

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Dental midline: studies have shown that threshold for deviation is +___ and - ___

+2.2

-1.5

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What is the golden proportion

1 : 1.618

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In dentistry, is golden proportion optimal?

except for patients whose incisor length is increased after periodontal disease

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Young dentition has (increased/decreased) embrasures

increased

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Restorations with ___ embrasures are unattractive

decreased

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Some patients demand reduced embrasures seeking ____

perfectly even incisal edge

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Incisal angulation
____ agulation is acceptable
___ angulation is avoided

slight mesial angulation = acceptable

distal angulation = unacceptable

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Define lip line.

How can it be categorized?

upper lip

categorized as high, moderate, low

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Theoretical curved line drawn on maxillary anterior teeth edges that runs parallel to curvature of lower lip is called ____

smile line

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Smile line is more pronounced in ___

women

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What is the buccal corridor?

Do we want it or not want it?

dark triangles on side of lips

sign of beauty

no corridor = “mouth full of teeth”

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Dominance primarily referes to ___

two central incisors

largest tooth that shows highest in value (brightest and stands out the most)

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Embrasures

we look for consistency in these 3 categories

form
symmetry
progression

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Dental morpholoy

what 3 subcategories

contact areas
embrasures
texture

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Gingival morphology

what 3 subcategories

gingival tissue / facial factor
gingival health/contour
gingival zenith

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___ process of developing INTER and INTRA-ARCH relationship to establish crown contours and occlusal schemes

diagnostic waxing

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____ enables practitioner to establish optimal contour / occlusion of eventual proesthesis

diagnostic waxing

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___ helps explain intended procedure to patient

diagnostic waxing

____ very important tool for construction of provisional restorations

diagnostic waxing

Emergence profile is the zone around ___

tooth below crest of curvature

Natural teeth all have ___ emergence profile in the ___

straight emergence profile in the gingival third

Are emergence profiles convex or concave?

neither | straight

When making crowns we need to honor the ___

emergence profile

Implant fixtures integrate bone. | Does this ensure prosthodontic succes?

What other factors (beside integration into the bone) help implants ensure prosthodontic success?

requires SOFT TISSUE COMPLEX in harmony with ADJACENT TEETH

Implants | _____ line angle is the most important feature for anterior teeth

mesiobuccal line angle

Describe the hierarchy of dental esthetics

1. macro esthetics (facial) 2. mini esthetics (dento-facial) 3. micro esthetics (dental)

The golden proportion is ___ for dental esthetics. Why?

too strong because it made the central incisors too dominant esthetically

Describe the golden proportion in terms of an AB line divided by C

AB line divided by C Larger part (AC) ratio to smaller part (CB) is same ratio as the whole (AB) to larger part (AC)

Clinical recommendations for tooth proportions central - latera- canine-

central = 0.75-0.78 width/height lateral - 66% of central width canine - 84% of lateral width

Temoromandibular disorders are a common subgroup of ___

orofacial pain disorders

What are the 2 basic groups of TMD

myogenous TMD = muscle related Arthrogenious RMD = joint related

6 cardinal criteria to be considered when diagnosing TMD

1. pain 2. limitation of function 3. limitation of movement 4. physical changes 5. altered jaw relationships 6. TMJ sounds that have increased intensity/frequency

Etiology of TMD: TMD is a disease with ___

multifactorial etiology

Normal function + event = ______ this leads to TMD symptoms

physiological tolerance

Etiology factors of TMD can be categorized into what 3 groups?

1. predisposing factors 2. initiation factors 3. perpetuating factors

____ factors INCREASE the risk for TMD (systemic, occlusal, posterior tooth loss) these are not themsleves cause of TMD

predisposing factors

____ factors CAUSE TMD (trauma, parafunctional) direct cause of TMD

initiation factors

____ factors ENHANCE progression of TMD (behavioral, social, emotional stress) these factors interfere with hearing

perpetuating factors

Describe the occlusion condition as it relates to TMD

early in dentistry - convinced occlusion was most important factor in TMD now - researchers thing it plays little/no role in TMD no overwhelming evidence either way

Trauma to the ____ | This is the first thing to break because its' the weakest part of the mandible

neck of the condyle

Macro trauma is _____

any sudden force that can result in structural alterations direct blow to face

Micro trauma is ____

any small force that is repeated applied to structures over long period of time (bruxism or clenching)

How does increased emotional stress influence masticatory function?

Increase in muscle tonicity in head/neck region Increased level of non-functional muscle activity

Deep pain can produce a ____ (muscle response) represents a normal, healthy manner in which the body responds to injury

co-contraction

Use "tooth pain" as an example of "deep pain" describe what co-contraction is created

1. patient has tooth pain 2. reflects on cheek 3. causes patient to temporaily not open mouth fully 4. clinician needs to recognoze that the lack of opening is from tooth ache (not only from TMD

Parafunctional activities are ____ activities.

non-functional

Are para-functional activities good or bad

bad

What are the 2 types of parafunctional activities

diurnal activities | noctural activities

Examples of diurnal activiites Examples of noctural activities Is the patient aware that they are doing this?

patient is not aware that they are doing this diurnal activities - clenching, ginding, other oral habits (thumb sicking, finger biting, work related habits) nocturnal - clenching, bruxism

Orthopedic stability is when ___

When stable MI position of teeth is in harmony with musculoskeletal stable position of condyles in fossae

When orthopedic stability exists, functional forces can be applied to teeth and joints without ___

tissue injury

When orthopedic INSTABILITY occurs, condyles are maintained in musculoskeletal position by ___ While teeth are brought into contact ___

elevator muscles teeth in contact at only 1 contact = unstable occlusal position = condyle is in stable joint position

When does intracapsular disorder develop?

if condyles are not in stable position

2 factors determine if an intracapsular disorder will develop ___

1. degree of orthopedic instability | 2. amount of loading

Orthopedic instabilities with discrepancies of ___ are unlikely to be significant enough to create an intracapsular disorder

1-2mm

Activities of masticatory system ____ and parafunctional

functional (chewing, eating, swallowing)

SPLINT - removable or permanent? - what material? - fits over occlusal incisal surfaces of ____ - creates a ___ occlusal contact

removable hard acrylic over occlusal/incisal surface of teeth of ONE ARCH creates POSITIVE OCCLUSAL CONTACT with opposint arch

Examples of splints

bite guard night guard interocclusal appliance orthopedic appliance

You must first identify the _____, then select an appliance

major contributing factors of TMD

Occlusal appliances temporarily provide a ___

more orthopedically stable position

What are the 6 types of occlusal appliances

1. stabilization appliance 2. anterior positioning appliance 3. anterior bite plane 4. posterior bite plane 5. pivoting appliances 6. soft (resilient) appliances