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English Comp 2: Final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Define “Thesis”

A

A specific statement that can control and direct your paper.

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2
Q

What are the 5 Questions in the “Thesis Test”?

A
  1. Is the thesis a complete idea?
  2. Is your thesis compatible with your purpose?
  3. Is the thesis clear and specific?
  4. Will the thesis lead to a paper of an appropriate length?
  5. Is your thesis supportable?
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3
Q

Define “Unity”

A
  • Every sentence in the paragraph develops a single idea stated in the topic sentence.
  • Oneness of thought and purpose
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4
Q

What are the 3 Ways to Make Sure Your Sentence Has Unity?

A
  1. Do not put unrelated ideas into the same sentence
  2. Make sure the relationship between the ideas is immediately clear
  3. Do not introduce so many details that the central thought of the sentence is obscured
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5
Q

Define “Coherence”

A

The details are in such good order and the relationships between the details are so clear that the resulting paragraph is easy to understand.

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6
Q

How to Make a Paragraph Coherent:

A
  1. Arrange your details in definite order
  2. Use continuity devices to help your ideas flow smoothly from one sentence to the next (pronoun references, repetition, and transitional expressions)
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7
Q

What is a “Concept”?

A

An idea or process under study.

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8
Q

Forecasting

A

Info given at the beginning of a paper indicating what is to come.

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9
Q

Framing

A

When something mentioned at the beginning is reintroduced at the end.

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10
Q

Good writing is mainly the result of…

A

… carful planning and hard work.

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11
Q

What are the 4 Steps to the Writing Process?

A
  1. FOCUS on a subject and what to say about it
  2. WRITE a rough draft without interruption
  3. REWRITE
  4. EDIT
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12
Q

A writer should only begin writing after he has…

A

Gathered an abundance of specific information and supporting material on the subject. He should focus on a subject, gather information, and organize it before he starts.

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13
Q

The writer should take short breaks during the writing of his rough draft to give his mind a break.

A

FALSE

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14
Q

The writer should stop and correct garbled sentences or incorrect spellings during the course of writing his rough draft.

A

FALSE

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15
Q

Trying to build one sentence at a time is like…

A

… a builder trying to build one wall at a time.

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16
Q

What is the difference between Rewriting and Editing?

A

Editing is examining everything that has been rewritten in minute detail.

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17
Q

In the rewriting stage, a writer may want to make an…

A

… outline.

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18
Q

In the editing stage, a writer should eliminate what?

A

jargon, triteness, and wordiness

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19
Q

What is a Paragraph?

A

A group of sentences developing one topic.

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20
Q

Good paragraphs are…

A

… arranged.

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21
Q

A topic sentence states the…

A

… main idea of a paragraph.

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22
Q

A topic sentence is usually the…

A

… first sentence in the paragraph.

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23
Q

The topic sentence can also be…

A

… at the end of the paragraph, within the paragraph, or left unspoken.

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24
Q

What are Some Common Paragraph Development Techniques?

A
  1. Telling Incidents
  2. Giving Reasons
  3. Definition
  4. Statistics/Facts
  5. Examples
  6. Comparison & Contrast
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25
Q

Development by reasons can be arranged by…

A

… least to most important.

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26
Q

Comparison is…

A

… describing the similarities.

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27
Q

Contrasting is…

A

… describing the differences.

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28
Q

A writer should not combine a variety of paragraph development techniques within one paragraph.

A

FALSE

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29
Q

What is a Paraphrase?

A

Your own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form. It is more detailed than a summary, which concisely on a single main idea.

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30
Q

6 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing

A
  1. Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning
  2. Set the original aside, write your paraphrase on a notecard
  3. Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material
  4. Compare yours to the original to ensure you expressed the essential information
  5. Use quotation marks for any direct quotes
  6. Record the source
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31
Q

What is a Summary?

A

Restating the essential idea of a longer piece of writing.

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32
Q

A summary emphasizes the important ideas and deletes the details.

A

TRUE

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33
Q

What is an Argument?

A

Writing that tries to persuade the reader.

34
Q

Why is it important to know how to write a well-reasoned argument?

A
  1. To defeat an opposing view
  2. To strengthen other’s confidence in what they believe
  3. Encourage people to take a stand on an issue
35
Q

Your argument topic should be:

A
  1. Arguable
  2. Of interest to you and others
  3. Something about which you already have some knowledge
36
Q

To be arguable, the topic must have…

A

… an opposing view.

37
Q

What classifies as unarguable?

A
  • Facts

- Expression of personal feelings

38
Q

Do more than assert your point of view but also…

A

… acknowledge others.

39
Q

6 Types of Reasons and Support for an Argument

A
  1. Facts
  2. Statistics
  3. Authorities
  4. Anecdotes
  5. Scenarios
  6. Cases
40
Q

When preparing for an argument, you should…

A
  1. Select a subject
  2. Make a clear thesis
  3. Analyze your audience
41
Q

Facts should be…

A

… accurate, complete, and trustworthy.

42
Q

Statistics should be…

A

… authoritative and reputable.

43
Q

Respected authorities can…

A

… add to a writer’s credibility.

44
Q

An Anecdote is…

A

… a brief story that tells about actual events.

45
Q

A Scenario is…

A

… a narrative that describes something that might happen.

46
Q

Cases summarize…

A

… observations and people.

47
Q

What is Counterarguing?

A

Acknowledging an opponents concern by either accommodating or refuting the argument.

48
Q

When you acknowledge your opponent:

A
  • You mention an objection to your argument
49
Q

When you refute an argument you…

A

… completely disagree.

50
Q

When you accommodate an argument you…

A

… see their point but don’t believe it is a strong enough argument.

51
Q

Evaluation of Evidence (Logical Fallacies)

A
  1. Is the evidence accurate?
  2. Is the evidence relevant?
  3. Is the evidence sufficient?
  4. Is the language clear?
  5. Is the reasoning logical?
52
Q

Define “Logical Fallacy”

A

Writing that has a flaw or slip in the reasoning process

53
Q

Post hoc Reasoning

A

Confusing chronology with causality

54
Q

Oversimplification of the Cause

A

People often oversimplify when they do not fully understand the issue.

55
Q

Either-Or Reasoning

A

Presents an argument as though there are only two sides to a question so that you have to pick one of the sides as being correct.

56
Q

False Analogy

A

Because two things are alike in one or several ways, they are alike in some other regard.

57
Q

Begging the question

A

Circular reasoning. The author “begs” the audience to grant at the outset that which is actually at stake.

58
Q

Non Sequitir

A

It does not follow. When one statement is not logically connected to another.

59
Q

5 Types of Irrelevant Evidence

A
  1. Appeal to Tradition - appeal to traditions, customs, and heritage of a group
  2. False Use of Authority - when the expert used actually is not an expert in that field
  3. Appeal to Popularity - when it is suggested that the majority agrees and you would be alone to disagree
  4. Ad Hominem Attack - personal attack on a person’s character rather than on his position
  5. Red Herring - when an irrelevant issue is raised to distract from the central issue
60
Q

3 Types of Insufficient Evidence

A
  1. Hasty Generalization - when the writer asserts a thesis based on a single reason or isolated example
  2. Sweeping Generalization - when the writer asserts that the thesis applies to all instances instead of some
  3. Overgeneralization - when the writer fails to qualify the thesis and asserts that it is true rather than it may be true
61
Q

The 5 C’s

A 
Correct
Consistent
Concise
Clear
Coherent
62
Q

Correct

A

Misuse of a word or fact can destroy a writer’s credibility

63
Q

Consistent in:

A
  • voice
  • person
  • style
64
Q

Concise DOES NOT mean “short”. It means…

A

… saying what needs to be said in as few words as possible.

65
Q

Clear

A

Precise, grammatically correct

66
Q

Coherent

A

Present your information in a logical sequence that flows smoothly from beginning to end.

67
Q

1st Person

A

Singular: I
Plural: We

68
Q

2nd Person

A

Singular: You
Plural: You

69
Q

3rd Person

A

Singular: He/She/It
Plural: They

70
Q

Eliminate wordiness from your writing. Say what you mean in as few words as possible without sacrificing clarity or expressiveness.

A

TRUE

71
Q

Redundancy

A

A specific kind of wordiness, redundancy is the needless repetition of words or ideas.

72
Q

What is an Expletive?

A

An expletive is a word that does not function grammatically in a sentence but plays an important rhetorical role.

73
Q

Expletives help to get a sentence smoothly underway.

A

TRUE

74
Q

“There” and “it” are common expletives.

A

TRUE

75
Q

Introduction: Length

A

The length of the introduction varies with the length of the composition.

76
Q

Introduction: Content

A

The purpose of the introduction is to capture your readers’ attention and to lead them into your subject. Begin the introduction with a good attention-getter.

77
Q

The Conclusion

A
  1. Do not just stop after writing the body of your composition. Round out the piece and leave your reader with a sense that you are finished
  2. For the topic sentence of your concluding paragraph, use a modified version of your original statement of purpose or thesis sentence.
78
Q

What are the key elements in the debate on capital punishment?

A

???

79
Q

What are the key elements in the debate on abortion?

A

???

80
Q

What are the 5 flaws in Judith Jarvis’ analogy of the dying violinist?

A
  1. A violinist is a stranger/a fetus is not. A fetus is a blood relative of the mother.
  2. The woman is bedridden for 9 months/not typically bedridden in pregnancy.
  3. The woman is linked against her will, whereas pregnancy is generally not forced on a woman (except in the case of rape or incest)
  4. The violinist’s need for the woman is not something she is responsible for, whereas in pregnancy she is responsible for her unborn child.
  5. The woman can unhook herself, but abortion requires the assistance of a 2nd party to remove the fetus.

English Comp 2: Final (1 decks)

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