Final Flashcards by Allie Justin Archuletta

Ronald Wells describes ‘Renaissance Humanism’ as….

Not so much a philosophy as a method of questioning authority by which a number of philosophic-both religious and secular - are possible

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Besides getting on the wrong side of King Henry VIII, Thomas Mow is remembered for….

Writing Utopia

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Several factors that may have contributed to the Renaissance in Italy were that it was a natural crossroad for trade, many of the cities were wealthy, and…

Educated Greek refugees came from Byzantium bringing Greek manuscripts and teaching them to read Greek

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Fill in the blank:

Waiting to a friend Pietro Aretino praised him by writing, “…the world has many kings but only one _____

Michelangelo

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Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer. Besides painting the Mona Lisa he also painted…

The Last Supper

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Many have criticized Nicolo Machiavelli’s The Prince claiming that in it

He claimed that the behavior of citizens would improve if social conditions improved.

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Through the Egyptians developed papyrus, Europeans would learn how to make a less expensive and less time consuming method of paper production. This new method of paper production is believe to have come from the ____, through the _______/

Chinese, Arabs of Spain

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Johan Gutenberg is best remembered for….

Movable type

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Erasmus is remembered for writing many books, including In Praise of Folly a satire of society, but a more important contribution of his was…

Gathering manuscripts and publishing a Greek New Testament

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What the Renaissance has left us was….

A respect for the individual and an appreciation of ancient sources

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Ideas and Names:

Cogent Ergo sum

Rene Descartes

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Ideas and Names:

Empiricism

Francis Bacon

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Ideas and Names:

The sun revolves around the Earth

Aristotle

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Ideas and Names:

The earth revolves around the sun

Copernicus

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Ideas and Names:

The man with the golden nose

Tycho Brahe

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The the Roman Empire pulled out of Europe it left the area open to invasions. Europeans faced invasions from the Norseman(Vikings), Hungarian tribes, Muslims, and….

The Byzantine Empire to the east

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Feudalism is defined as

A system for structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of lans in exchange for service or labor

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Though historians differ over who should be referred to as the first Holy Roman Emperor, Charlemagne or Otto, the “core” and largest territory within the Holy Roman Empire was…

Germany

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The Magna Carta

Limited the power of the king and protected certain rights of the nobility.

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The serfs (peasants) were…

About 90% of the population

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Trades guilds…

Set limints to the number of apprentices (students) craftsmen could have.

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Monks and monasteries….

Created orphanages, hospitals and schools

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Scholasticism can be described….

With Augustine’s words, “Faith seeking understanding”

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The Black Death

IS commonly believed to have come from central Asia riding in the fleas on rats.

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The Hundred Years War...

Egan as a struggle over who was the rightful ruler of France.

The tenth century monk Asser described Christian society using three categories. This three are ...

1. Those that Work 2. Those that Pray 3. Those that Fight And we added, those that made money (the rising merchant/middle class)

Before Mohammad the city of Mecca could be described as...

A conglomeration of polytheistic religions

Immanuel Kant defined "enlightenment" as

Man's emergence from his self-imposed nonage (adolescence)

Kant suggested a motto for the enlightenment

Spare Aude (Dare to know)

Causes of Rench revolution

1. The influence of the Enlightenment 2. France sent troops to American to help with their revolution 3. A weak and indecisive king 4. Financial difficulties due to war

While Robespierre announced that the "Revolution is over" he is also remembered for

The reign of terror

While unfair taxation resulted in American colonists demanding representation in parliament, in France it resulted in...

Class struggle

One of the outstanding beliefs of the Enlightenment thinkers was

The belief in progress

The tax that England imposed on the American colonies was to...

Help pay the debt for the Seven-Years war

The definition of Conservative and Liberal has changed over time. During the nineteenth century Conservatives were recognized as desiring social stability through monarchical rule. Conservatives believed in tradition and hierarchy to govern over a nation. While Liberals

Believed that each individual had inherent rights and every citizen should be able to work their way up in the social class of the nation

Causes of the Industrial Revolution included the availability of land and natural resources, available labor, capital and

A stable Government

Laissez-Faire

"Let it be". The government does not interfere in business

Adam Smith wrote...

The Wealth of Nations

Peterloo was the name given to

The leader of the Luddites that lead a revolt against the unfair working conditions

He supposed Karl Marc for much of his life and co-authored several writings with him

Friedrich Engels

Suffrage refers to

The right to vote in an election

Who wrote... "It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest. We address ourselves, not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to them of our own necessities but of their advantages."

Adam Smith

While socialism refers to state(public) ownership of common property, or state ownership of the means of production. Communism, in Marxist philosophy, refers to....

The end goal of complete social equality via economic quality

An important ingredient of America's concept of Manifest Destiny was

The belief in the superiority of American culture and virtues

Who most likely said, "Thus God is nothing else than human: he is, so to speak, the outward projection of a human's inward nature."

Ludwig Feuerbach

Ingredients of Western Civ

1. One part Ancient Greek 2. One part Ancient Roman 3. A little Christian yeast

Byzantine Empire: | Founding of New Rome

Constantine

Byzantine Empire: | Church & State

a. Not separate

Byzantine Empire: | What should you remember about the Emperor Justinian?

* Recovered land lost. --*Height of Byzantine Empire. * Hagia Sophia married Theodora * Justinian Code

Byzantine Empire: | Justinian Code

*Rewrite entire law code of ancient Rome

Byzantine Empire: | What should you know about the Empress Theodora?

a. Actress, became Christian, married Justinian, rags to riches, women.

Byzantine Empire: | Eastern Orthodoxy

a. No pope, bishops are equal

Byzantine Empire: | The Fourth Crusade (1200-1204)

a. Sacked Constantinople.

Byzantine Empire: Divided Church

Eastern Church vs. Western Roman Catholic Latin/Greek, authority of Church Pope, theology differ.

Byzantine Empire: Fall of Constantinople

a. 4th Crusade, Ottoman attack brought canons.

What has the Byzantine Empire done for you?

stopped spread of Muslim into West, Greek Manuscripts.

Islam | 1. What was Muhammad’s main complaint?

Polytheism

Islam | Century of Expansion (622-732

a. Tribes united under one religion.

Islam | 1. Limits to Expansion

a. Charles Martel, Byzantine Empire.

Islam | 1. Christians in Muslim Territories

Death-->Second-class citizens.

Islam | 1. Golden Age (786-1500)

* Translation movement, *unified | * crossroads of civilization

Islam | 1. Translation Movement

Greek Manuscripts to Arabic. philosophy and science

Islam | Silk Road

China to middle east and to everywhere

Islam | Ottoman Empire

Defeated Constantinople wall

Islam | Why the decline?

* mongol invasion * translation movement died out * WW1

Islam | What did the Islamic People contribute to Western Civilization

* Translations * algebra(zero) * RUGS * Chess-> Queen of Heaven

Middle Ages | 1. Dark Ages: Who turned out the lights?

*mogol invasion | collapse of roman *empire

Middle Ages | 1. Were these people superstitious?

*Yes, just like civs before them.

Middle Ages | 1. Why is Charlemagne important for European history?

a.United Europe, education, preserved stuff.

Middle Ages | 1. Define Feudalism

a. Serfs, Knights, Lords, Kings.

Middle Ages | 1. What held Europe together during the Middle Ages?

a. Church.

Middle Ages | 1. What was described as the “Backbone” of the Middle Ages?

a. Monastic movement.

Middle Ages | 1. What was the purpose of the Crusades?

a. Liberate Holy Land.

Middle Ages | 1. Define Scholasticism

* Schoolmen, | * Thomas Aquinas faith seeking understanding.

Middle Ages | 1. How long was the 100 Years War?

Like 115. Argument over who to be King of France.

Middle Ages | 1. What did the Middle Ages do for us?

a. Philosophy, education, preserving books, Magna Carta.