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Final Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolite

A

Compound found in metabolism

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2
Q

ATP synthase

A

Enzyme used for producing ATP

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3
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Very high cholesterol at birth

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4
Q

Anabolism

A

Build up of biomolecules

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5
Q

Catabolism

A

Breakdown of biomolecules

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6
Q

Gout

A

Excess uric acid in joints

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7
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

Body breaks down own proteins

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8
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

Can’t metabolize phenylalanine

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9
Q

Albinism

A

Can’t convert tyrosine to melanin

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10
Q

Lesch-nyhan syndrome

A

Self mutilation

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11
Q

Tay sachs disease

A

Error in lipid metabolism

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12
Q

Glyoxysomes

A

Organelle found in plants

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13
Q

Lipases

A

Enzyme to break down triglycerides

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14
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electron

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15
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of electron

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16
Q

Decarboxylation

A

Removal of CO2

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17
Q

Dehydration

A

Removal of water

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18
Q

Hydration

A

Addition of water

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19
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Exchange of phosphate

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20
Q

Isomerization

A

Change conformation not formula

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21
Q

Redox

A

Exchange of electrons

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22
Q

Hydrogenation

A

Addition of H2 to double bond

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23
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breaks double bond and adds H and OH

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24
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Single simple sugar

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25
Oligosaccharide
Short chain of simple sugars
26
Polysaccharide
Long chain of simple sugars
27
Isomer
Same chemical formula, different structures
28
Enantiomer
Mirror image
29
Entropy
Randomness
30
Enthalpy
Heat energy
31
Gibb’s free energy
G
32
Diastereomer
Non mirror images
33
Sucrose
Glucose and fructose
34
Glucose
Dextrose
35
Fructose
Fruit sugar
36
Lactose
Glucose and galactose
37
Xylose
Five carbon sugar
38
Maltose
Glucose alpha bond
39
Cellulose
Glucose beta plant
40
Cellobiose
Glucose beta
41
Starch
Glucose alpha link plant
42
Glycogen
Glucose alpha link animals
43
Forms of starch
Amylose and amylopectin
44
Amylose
Straight chain polymer
45
Amylopectin
Branched chain polymer
46
Bonds that hold monosaccharides together
Glycosidic bonds
47
Type of reaction for kinase
Phosphorylation and phosphate
48
Type of reaction for dehydrogenase
Dehydrogenation NAD and FAD
49
Step one and three of glycolysis
Phosphorylation Kinase ATP
50
Step two of glycolysis
Isomerization | Isomerase
51
Gluconeogenesis
Pyruvate to oxaloacetate to phosphoenal pyruvate 1-3 irreversible: need phosphotase to reverse
52
When and why is lactate produced in muscles ?
When energy production is required faster than our bodies can deliver oxygen Pyruvate is reduced to lactate to break down glucose So high levels of lactate are produced
53
Overall Rxn of pyruvate before TCA cycle
Oxidative decarboxylation to produce acetyl CoA
54
ATP difference for glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis uses ATP to regenerate glucose so there is a loss of energy
55
Glucose:pyruvate
1:2
56
Step six of glycolysis
Phosphorylation and redox rxn | Kinase and dehydrogenase
57
Step nine of glycolysis
Dehydration
58
Steps 3 and 6 of TCA cycle occur where?
Intermediate space
59
Step 1 rxn of TCA
Condensation
60
Step 2 rxn of TCA
Isomerization
61
Step 4 rxn TCA
Decarboxylation
62
Step 7 rxn TCA
Hydration
63
Two mechanistic theories for electron transport
Chemiosmotic coupling: high H causes to enter ATPase and produce ATP Conformational coupling
64
Step one B oxidation
Fatty acid reacts with CoA to produce acyl CoA Flows through outer membrane
65
Step 2 B oxidation
Splits apart in intermembrane Acyl reacts with carnitine to produce acylcarnitine Flows into matrix
66
Step 3 B oxidation
Splits apart | Acyl reacts with CoA to produce AcylCoA
67
Common product of fatty acid anabolism
Palmitic acid
68
Product of even numbered FA breakdown
Acetyl CoA
69
Product of odd numbered FA
Propionyl CoA
70
Overall purpose of steps 5-8 TCA
Reproduce oxaloacetate

AgBiochem (1 decks)

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