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AgBiochem > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolite

A

Compound found in metabolism

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2
Q

ATP synthase

A

Enzyme used for producing ATP

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3
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Very high cholesterol at birth

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4
Q

Anabolism

A

Build up of biomolecules

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5
Q

Catabolism

A

Breakdown of biomolecules

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6
Q

Gout

A

Excess uric acid in joints

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7
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

Body breaks down own proteins

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8
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

Can’t metabolize phenylalanine

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9
Q

Albinism

A

Can’t convert tyrosine to melanin

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10
Q

Lesch-nyhan syndrome

A

Self mutilation

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11
Q

Tay sachs disease

A

Error in lipid metabolism

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12
Q

Glyoxysomes

A

Organelle found in plants

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13
Q

Lipases

A

Enzyme to break down triglycerides

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14
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electron

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15
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of electron

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16
Q

Decarboxylation

A

Removal of CO2

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17
Q

Dehydration

A

Removal of water

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18
Q

Hydration

A

Addition of water

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19
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Exchange of phosphate

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20
Q

Isomerization

A

Change conformation not formula

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21
Q

Redox

A

Exchange of electrons

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22
Q

Hydrogenation

A

Addition of H2 to double bond

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23
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breaks double bond and adds H and OH

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24
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Single simple sugar

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25
Q

Oligosaccharide

A

Short chain of simple sugars

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26
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Long chain of simple sugars

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27
Q

Isomer

A

Same chemical formula, different structures

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28
Q

Enantiomer

A

Mirror image

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29
Q

Entropy

A

Randomness

30
Q

Enthalpy

A

Heat energy

31
Q

Gibb’s free energy

32
Q

Diastereomer

A

Non mirror images

33
Q

Sucrose

A

Glucose and fructose

34
Q

Glucose

35
Q

Fructose

A

Fruit sugar

36
Q

Lactose

A

Glucose and galactose

37
Q

Xylose

A

Five carbon sugar

38
Q

Maltose

A

Glucose alpha bond

39
Q

Cellulose

A

Glucose beta plant

40
Q

Cellobiose

A

Glucose beta

41
Q

Starch

A

Glucose alpha link plant

42
Q

Glycogen

A

Glucose alpha link animals

43
Q

Forms of starch

A

Amylose and amylopectin

44
Q

Amylose

A

Straight chain polymer

45
Q

Amylopectin

A

Branched chain polymer

46
Q

Bonds that hold monosaccharides together

A

Glycosidic bonds

47
Q

Type of reaction for kinase

A

Phosphorylation and phosphate

48
Q

Type of reaction for dehydrogenase

A

Dehydrogenation NAD and FAD

49
Q

Step one and three of glycolysis

A

Phosphorylation
Kinase
ATP

50
Q

Step two of glycolysis

A

Isomerization

Isomerase

51
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

Pyruvate to oxaloacetate to phosphoenal pyruvate

1-3 irreversible: need phosphotase to reverse

52
Q

When and why is lactate produced in muscles ?

A

When energy production is required faster than our bodies can deliver oxygen
Pyruvate is reduced to lactate to break down glucose
So high levels of lactate are produced

53
Q

Overall Rxn of pyruvate before TCA cycle

A

Oxidative decarboxylation to produce acetyl CoA

54
Q

ATP difference for glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

A

Gluconeogenesis uses ATP to regenerate glucose so there is a loss of energy

55
Q

Glucose:pyruvate

56
Q

Step six of glycolysis

A

Phosphorylation and redox rxn

Kinase and dehydrogenase

57
Q

Step nine of glycolysis

A

Dehydration

58
Q

Steps 3 and 6 of TCA cycle occur where?

A

Intermediate space

59
Q

Step 1 rxn of TCA

A

Condensation

60
Q

Step 2 rxn of TCA

A

Isomerization

61
Q

Step 4 rxn TCA

A

Decarboxylation

62
Q

Step 7 rxn TCA

63
Q

Two mechanistic theories for electron transport

A

Chemiosmotic coupling: high H causes to enter ATPase and produce ATP

Conformational coupling

64
Q

Step one B oxidation

A

Fatty acid reacts with CoA to produce acyl CoA

Flows through outer membrane

65
Q

Step 2 B oxidation

A

Splits apart in intermembrane
Acyl reacts with carnitine to produce acylcarnitine
Flows into matrix

66
Q

Step 3 B oxidation

A

Splits apart

Acyl reacts with CoA to produce AcylCoA

67
Q

Common product of fatty acid anabolism

A

Palmitic acid

68
Q

Product of even numbered FA breakdown

A

Acetyl CoA

69
Q

Product of odd numbered FA

A

Propionyl CoA

70
Q

Overall purpose of steps 5-8 TCA

A

Reproduce oxaloacetate

AgBiochem (1 decks)

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