Final Flashcards
Willsonianism
is based on pursuing the spread of democracy and internationalism in an attempt to achieve world peace
relies on morality
values are valid universally
Spanish American
America was itching to fight the damn Spaniards
Sinking of the USS Maine was the main event leading to the US interfering with the war
US viewed European powers in Latin America as a violation the the Monroe Doctrine
Conflict in Cuba negatively impacted US economic resources (sugar)
isolationism
US did not want to get involved in another war after the recovery from WWI
Didn’t work
Kellogg - Briand Pact
Agreement to outlaw war, first steps towards collective security
Signed in Paris in 1928
Open Door Notes
Open door notes to China from Secretary of State John Hay in 1899-1900
EO for trade with China and respect for China’s territorial integrity
The idea that keeping China open to trade is beneficial to the US and world economy
Zimmerman Telegram
An intercepted telegram between Germany and Mexico
Proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico
One of the factors that pulled the US into WWI
Marshall Plan
Effective in 1948
provided assistance restoring the economic infrastructure of Europe in the Post war
Aimed to contain communism from spreading into western europe
LON/ Collective security
Collective security created after WWI with the agenda of preventing another world war
Failed, but the idea eventually helped create the UNSC
Dollar Diplomacy
Diplomacy policy of President Taft towards Latin America and East Asia
Using US economic power by guaranteeing countries loans
Helped secure access to resources abroad
“A better way of imperialism”
Munich Agreement
A settlement in 1938 between Nazi Germany and Czechoslovakia allowing Germany to annex the German speaking areas along the border.
Taking the border areas was a strategic advantage to Germany because it allowed them to already occupy the harder terrain to gain, making it easy for Germany to gain complete control of Czechoslovakia
Pretty much Czechoslovakia gave up their fortified areas
Containment
Containing the spread of communism
Led to the Vietnam War, Korean War, the use of the atomic bomb in JP, economic support to western europe
Atomic Diplomacy
Refers to the attempt to use the threat of nuclear warfare to achieve diplomatic goals
Building stockpiles of nuclear weapons to scare countries into submission
Brought the US and USSR into many scary situations such as “13 days”
EXCOMM
JFK’s advisors to the NSC over “13 Days”
Executive committee of the NSC
How do these dots connect?
SEATO
Treaty signed between western powers and the PI and Thailand aimed at deterring communism
SE Asian powers feared losing their power due to communism
The US used SEATO as an excuse to postpone elections in Vietnam
CENTO
Central Treaty Organization: Formed in 1955 between Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, & UK
Promises of US military and economic aid (Later the US joined, conflicts with pro Israel groups)
One of the least successful Cold War treaties
Its goal was to contain communism
The democracy placed in Iran went to shit because of ties to communist powers
NATO
NATO was signed in 1949
Yet another treaty aimed at containing communism
A collective security agreement
Brinksmanship
The art or practice of pursuing a dangerous policy to the limits of safety before stopping
Resulted in the Cuban Missile Crisis
Red Scare
Rise of the CCP in China or the Russian revolution
Gathered up and deported individuals in the US with radical political views
Chinese Red Scare led to the suspension of clearances of people like Dr. Qian Xuesen
Yalta
Post war negotiations between FDR and Stalin
Originally viewed as a success in the US, later viewed as FDR selling out
Stalin agreed that the Polish government would expand to allow some pro London Polish to have a voice
Stalin also agreed on paper to hold elections
Stalin agreed to the layout of the UN
Stalin accepted that the USSR would have three seats (RU, Belarus, Ukraine)
Bay of pigs
Significance for US Foreign Policy:
Castro became very wary of further interference from the United States moving forward, and moved closer to the USSR militarily in order to have leverage against this possibility
Detente
A policy between the US and USSR aiming at decreasing the production of arms in order to prevent another missile crisis
Ended after the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan, which led to the United States boycott of the 1980 Olympics in Moscow
Lend Lease
Passed in 1941
Principal means for providing U.S. military aid to foreign nations during World War II
Authorized president to transfer arms or any other defense materials for which Congress appropriated money to “the government of any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States”
Act permitted the United States to support its war interests without being overextended in battle by allowing the transfer of supplies without compensation.
Lend-Lease also brought the United States one step closer to World War II by allowing the US to fund war efforts without contributing soldiers.
Four Policemen
Council proposed by FDR to guarantee world peace
Made up of US, UK. China, and Soviet Union
Would act as the “global police” and would be responsible for keeping order within their spheres of influence
Would lead to the formation of the United Nations
Roosevelt Corollary
Addition to the Monroe Doctrine articulated by Theodore Roosevelt after the Venezuela Crisis of 1902-03
Corollary states that the United States will intervene in conflicts between European countries and Latin American countries to enforce legitimate claims of the European powers
Consistent with Big Stick Diplomacy and used to justify US intervention throughout the Western Hemisphere
FDR renounced the policy in 1934 and instituted the Good Neighbor policy
