Final Flashcards
Solo instrument against an orchestra & BC; has 3 movements
Concerto
Two or more solo instruments against an orchestra
Concerto Grosso
Music for an instrument alone (no orchestra)
Sonata
Show-off alone
Cadenza
Two or more lines of music
Polyphonic
One line of music
Monophonic
One line of music against another line of music
Counterpoint
All the lines of music play together
Homophonic
Warm-up for keyboard (organ & harpsichord)
Toccata
The most complex type of counterpoint with special rules
Fugue
Collection of movements (dances)
Suite
Music at the start of a concert/play/opera to get everyone to be quiet
Overture
A drama/play that is sung
Opera
Voice + BC (cello & harpsichord)
Recitative
Voice + Orchestra
Aria
Half recitative & half Aria
Arioso
Matthew, Mark, John, Luke (from 4 gospels) for the word/text
Passion
Mini oratorio
Cantata
Soprano who sing very high & fancy
Coloratura
Words of an opera
Libretti
Like an opera but not staged
Oratorio
Melody, chords, bass
Basso Continuo
Off balance, distorted, irregular (Refers to the art of the period)
Baroque
Era of reason
Neo-Classical
Joke, fast, meter of 3
Scherzo
A large scale of work for orchestra
Symphony
A melody repeated over and over BUT w/ other music in between
Rondo
Sonata Form
Exposition, recap, development, coda ending
A melody repeated over and over with changes in between
Theme and variations
Neo Classical composers
Mozart, Haydn, Bethoven (Transitional)
A symphony that tells a story
Program symphony
third movement of a symphony that has moderate tempo, meter of three and is a dance
Minuet
Top 2 Events of Neo-Classical
French revolution (1789-1799) and American revolution (1765-1783)
Neo-classical writer of words and his work
Jefferson - Declaration of Independence
Romantic composers
Chopin, , Tchaikovsky, Wagner
Period from 1800-1900
Romantic
Period from 800-1400
Midles Ages
Period from 1400-1600
Renaissance
Period from 1600-1750
Baroque
Period from 1750-1800
Neo-Classical
Period from 1900-2000
20th Century
Period from 1400-1600
Gothic
Names of the 2 instruments that were developed in the Neo-Classical period
Piano and clarinet
Name of a Neo-classical building and where it’s located
Monticello, Virginia USA
American Revolution
Started with 7 years war (French vs British)
British won and decided to tac the colonists to pay for war. Colonists decided to stand up and fight for independence and got help from the French.
French Revolution
The hierarchy was questioned by the enlightenment
July 14 - Versaille Day
King got beheaded
Napoleon came and took over in 1789
Baroque main composers
Bach and handel
Main keyboard instruments of the Baroque
Organ and harpsichord
Greatest oratorio in English
Messiah by Handle
Example of Basso Continuo
Flute (Melody), Cello (Bass), Harpsichord (Chords)
2 scientific achievements of the Baroque
Newton laws of physics and Galileo’s Observation as scientific method (went blind from looking at sun with a telescope)
Aria components
Voice (singing), orchestra, B.C., Beat and meter with a strong melody
Recitative
Voice (Singing), B.C., no orchestra, no meter and weak melody
Speed and slow down (stretching the beat)
Rubato
Song for voice and piano
Lieder
Study/exercise
Etude
A pulse
Beat
Quality of sound
Timber
Long and short sounds
Rhythm
Measure of beats in groups of 2’s and 3’s
Meter
Speed, how fast or how slow
Tempo
How high and how low (Vib/Sec)
Pitch
How loud and how soft
Dynamics
Group of recognizable pitches
Melody
Organized sound
Music
Power of music
Ethos
Men, monophonic, no meter, no beat, latin text
Chant, Gregorian Chant, Plain song (religious)
Polyphonic, 2 or more pitches at the same time
Organum
Instrument (viol), french text, latin text
Motet
Middles ages main event
The plague
(Middle Ages) French text, women (2), instrument (viol), secular
Ballad/Chanson
Rebirth of interest in the individual
Renaissance
Artists from the renaissance
Da Vinci (Mona Lisa), Rafael (Sculpture of David/Madonna), Angelo (Sistine chapel)
Service should be in the vernacular - Protestant Religion
Martin Luther
Printing press
Gutenberg
(Renaissance) Men and women, english text, fa-la-la-la, strong melody,
Madrigal
(Renaissance) Main religious music of the catholic church (polyphonic)
Mass
Catholic church trying to get people to come back
Counter reformation
Piccolo, recorder, flute, oboe, bassoon
Woodwind
Male soprano
Castrato
Da capo aria
Back to the top. ABA
A melody that equals a person, place or thing
Idee fixe
The day of wrath (idea fixe for the devil)
Dies Irae
Many memories that equal people, ideas, things
Leitmotivs
1/2 talk 1/2 sing
Sprechstimme
Music w/ a tone center
Atonal