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Music history Again > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

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1
Q

Commonly accepted dates for the Baroque period are

A

1600-1750

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2
Q

The roots of the Baroque are in what country?

A

Italy

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3
Q

The musical style of the Renaissance came to be referred to as _______ or ______.

A

Prima practica, stile antico

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4
Q

The newer style of the Baroque was referred to as _______ or ______.

A

Seconda practica, stile moderno

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5
Q

A continuous bass line that accompanied the melody; it’s symbols were called _____.

A

Basso continuo; figured bass

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6
Q

Composers began to write ________ in order to exploit the individual capabilities of voices/instruments.

A

Idiomatically

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7
Q

Two important musical genres that came into existence around 1600; which country was each?

A

Opera in Florence, Oratorio in Rome

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8
Q

A large amount of Baroque music emphasizes “competition” between two groups - solo vs group, voices vs instrument, small group vs large

A

Concertato

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9
Q

The primary genre of vocal chamber music was the _______.

A

Solo cantata

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10
Q

A descending four-note bass line often denoted sorrow and is known as a _______.

A

Lament bass

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11
Q

“Agitated style”

A

Concitato

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12
Q

Music intended for large spaces such as basilicas and employing four or more choirs singing together echoing one another is known as the _______.

A

Colossal Baroque

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13
Q

Who perfected the da capo aria?

A

Alessandro Scarlatti

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14
Q

What are the two types of sonatas that emerged?

A

da chiesa (church) and da camera (chamber)

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15
Q

What is the instrumentation of a Baroque trio sonata?

A

2 melody instruments + basso continuo

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16
Q

The tempo pattern of a sinfonia (Italian overture):

A

Fast/slow/fast

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17
Q

The tempo pattern of a French overture:

A

Slow/fast/slow

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18
Q

An instrumental piece for ensemble in which one or more soloists both complemented and competed with an orchestra:

A

Sonata

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19
Q

Who pioneered the development of the sonata?

A

Rossi and Corelli

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20
Q

A collection of pieces in dance rhythms is a

A

Suite

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21
Q

Who developed the standard dances?

A

Froberger

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22
Q

What are the standard dances?

A

Allemande, Courante, Sarabande, and Gigue

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23
Q

An organ piece that introduced the congregational hymn by playing it through its entirety prior to singing

A

Chorale prelude

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24
Q

The composer who took the Italian concerted style to Dresden, Germany

A

Schütz

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25
Q

The composer who wrote the first significant opera

A

Monteverdi

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26
Q

The first composer to specify instrumentation and to employ dynamic markings in a musical score

A

Gabrieli

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27
Q

The first significant oratorios were composed by

A

Carissimi

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28
Q

The priest who composed hundreds of string concertos

A

Vivaldi

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29
Q

The name for the simple vocal style that characterized the earliest Baroque solo songs

A

Monody

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30
Q

A type of singing that is flexible and mimics the rhythms of speech

A

Recitative

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31
Q

The term for divided choir

A

Cori spezzati

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32
Q

The standard for single movements in sonatas and dance suites

A

Binary form

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33
Q

The small group of soloists in a concerto grosso

A

Concertino

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34
Q

Notes performed somewhere between legato and staccato

A

Spiccato

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35
Q

Alternate tuning of a stringed instrument

A

Scordatura

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36
Q

The most important French musician at the time of Louis XIV

A

Lully

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37
Q

A multi-movement piece composed to commemorate a birthday or a similar occasion

A

Ode

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38
Q

A male vocalist who sings in the alto range

A

Countertenor

39
Q

The idea that music conveys a single emotion resulted in this

A

Doctrine of Affections

40
Q

Where was opera first made available to the public?

A

1600 in Florence

41
Q

What was Monteverdi’s final opera?

A

“l’incoronazione di Poppea”

42
Q

What is the title and the composer of the first true opera?

A

“Dafne” by Jacopo Peri

43
Q

A dramatic work or play set to music with the lines of the actors sung rather than spoken

A

Opera

44
Q

The new Baroque style of vocal expression that dramatically mixed speech and song in a dramatic fashion was referred to by the Camerata as _______.

A

stile rappresentativo

45
Q

Who was the first composer to write idiomatically for instruments?

A

Giovanni Gabrieli

46
Q

Who created the stile concitato?

A

Monteverdi

47
Q

A bass line that insistently repeats is a

A

Basso ostinato

48
Q

What style employed distinctly separate units of voices and instruments to create vivid contrasts?

A

Concerted style

49
Q

Fiori musicali was the work of _______. What type of music is it?

A

Frescobaldi; organ

50
Q

Who was the most famous maker of prized violins in Baroque Italy?

A

Antonio Stradivari

51
Q

Who was the first composer to make his reputation strictly as a composer of instrumental music?

A

Corelli

52
Q

What are multiple stops on a string instrument?

A

Playing two or more notes simultaneously

53
Q

What musical genre was favored by Vivaldi?

A

Concerto (solo&grosso)

54
Q

What was the preferred form for Baroque sonata movement?

A

Binary form

55
Q

Who composed the mystery sonatas?

A

Biber

56
Q

A composition for organ which is based on a chorale melody but gives free rein to the composers imagination

A

Chorale Fantasia

57
Q

Johann Froberger composed almost exclusively for _______.

A

Keyboard

58
Q

Who was the greatest organ composer of his day in northern Germany?

A

Buxtehude

59
Q

Who injured himself while conducting and died from the injury?

A

Lully

60
Q

Who was known for the cantata française and what were they typically about?

A

Elizabeth Jacquet de la Gurre; Old Testament Heroes

61
Q

What genre created by Lully fused tragedy with ballet?

A

Tragédie lyrique

62
Q

An organization which Lully gained exclusive control over was the _______.

A

Académie royale de musique

63
Q

Ballet danced at the French court in which members of the court appeared alongside professional dancers?

A

Ballet de cour

64
Q

What important form is Louis Couperin remembered for?

A

Unmeasured prelude; opening piece without indications for rhythmic direction

65
Q

What is the title of the significant pedagogical manual by Francois Couperin?

A

“the art of playing the harpsichord”

66
Q

What Parisian family was known for lute playing and composition?

A

The Gaultiers

67
Q

A dotted note is made longer than written, while its complimentary short notes are made shorter

A

Overdotting

68
Q

What is Purcell’s best known work and his only fully sung opera?

A

“Dido and Aeneas”

69
Q

In English music, an ostinato bass line is referred to as

A

Ground bass

70
Q

An aria with distinctive characteristics such as parallel thirds. , a slow tempo, a lilting rhythm in compound meter, and harmony that changes slowly

A

Pastoral aria

71
Q

A sustained or repeated pitch played in the bass above which the harmony changes

A

Pedal point

72
Q

What type of tuning involves dividing the octave into twelve equal half steps?

A

Equal temperament

73
Q

What was the focus of composition for Bach during his years in Leipzig?

A

Cantatas/vocal music

74
Q

What is a sacred vocal genre that employs and text and/is of a pre-existing Lutheran hymn in all or several of its movements?

A

Chorale

75
Q

What is the philosophical, scientific, and political movement that dominated the 18th century thought?

A

The Age of Enlightenment

76
Q

When and where was the premier of Gluck’s “Orfeo ed Euridice”? What notable musical figure attended as a child?

A

Vienna, 1762; Mozart

77
Q

What work provided the first serious challenge to the reign of opera Seria?

A

John Gay’s “The Beggar’s Opera”

78
Q

Difference between a ballad and ballad opera?

A

Ballad/traditional strophic song

Ballad opera/comic opera that used retexted ballads and spoken dialogue

79
Q

A musical diversion between the acts of an opera or play

A

Intermezzo

80
Q

Who created reform opera/what were its goals?

A

Gluck; sought to combine Italian lyricism and the French intense desire for dramatic expression

81
Q

In what major European cities were public concerts performed in the mid-18th century?

A

London, Paris, Vienna

82
Q

Which city had the first public concerts and what were they called?

A

Paris; concert spirituel

83
Q

In what genre is Giovanni Sammartini significant?

A

Symphony

84
Q

What orchestra was referred to as an army of generals and who conducted it?

A

The Mannheim Orchestra; Johann Stamitz

85
Q

What was stamitz’s orchestra known for and what were they?

A

Mannheim crescendo- a gradual increase from soft to loud

Mannheim rocket- Triadic theme that bursts forth as a rising arpeggio

86
Q

An accompaniment pattern in which a triad is played successively in arpeggiated form on a keyboard is

A

Alberti Bass

87
Q

Johann Cristian Bach was known as the _______ Bach.

A

London

88
Q

What term is associated with CPE Bach’s style of playing with great sentiment and expressiveness?

A

Empfindsamer stil

89
Q

Bebung can only be accomplished on the ______.

A

Clavichord

90
Q

Smooth and graceful style; best represented in JC Bach’s works

A

Galant

91
Q

The Viennese School includes which composers?

A

Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, and Schubert

92
Q

The single greatest formal innovation of the Enlightenment is ______.

A

Sonata form

93
Q

The primary sections of sonata form are:

A

Exposition, development, recapitulation and sometimes a coda

94
Q

A form with an opening section which alternates with contrasting sections throughout the movement

A

Rondo form

Music history Again (4 decks)

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