final Flashcards
Clovis
The First King o the Franks to unite all of the Frankish Tribes under one ruler.
St. Benedict
Founder of the Benedictine Monastery at Monte Cassino and father of Western Monaticism
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period.
Charlamagne
King o the Franks, Lomards, and Emporer of the Romans. Expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire
Hegira
Muhammad’s departure from Mecca to Medina in AD 622, prompted by the opposition of the merchants of Mecca and marking the consolidation of the first Muslim community.
Feudal System
Feudalism was a combination of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries
Manorial System
Manorialism was an essential element of feudal society. It was the organizing principle of rural economy that originated in the Roman villa system of the Late Roman Empire, and was widely practiced in medieval western and parts of central Europe.
Cluny Monastic Reforms
The Cluniac Reforms (also called the Benedictine Reform) were a series of changes within medieval monasticism of the Western Church focused on restoring the traditional monastic life, encouraging art, and caring for the poor.
Cistercian order
A Cistercian is a member of the Cistercian Order, a religious order of monks and nuns.
Chivalric Romance
As a literary genre of high culture, romance or chivalric romance is a type of prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe.
Gothic Catherdreals
Gothic architecture is an architectural style that flourished in Europe during the High and Late Middle Ages. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture.
Mongols
The Mongols are an East-Central Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. They also live as minorities in other regions of China, as well as in Russia.
Magna Carta
Following further discussions with the barons and clerics led by Archbishop Langton, King John granted the Charter of Liberties, subsequently known as Magna Carta
Franciscan Friars
The Franciscans are a group of related mendicant religious orders within the Catholic Church, founded in 1209 by Francis of Assisi.
Scholastic Philosophy
Scholasticism is a method of critical thought which dominated teaching by the academics of medieval universities in Europe from about 1100 to 1700
Thomas Aquinas
Saint Thomas Aquinas OP was an Italian Dominican friar, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church. He was an immensely influential philosopher, theologian, and jurist in the tradition of scholasticism
Papal Inquisition
The Medieval Inquisition was a series of Inquisitions from around 1184, including the Episcopal Inquisition and later the Papal Inquisition.
Dante Allegheri
Durante degli Alighieri, simply called Dante, was a major Italian poet of the Late Middle Ages.
Mercantilism
Mercantilism was a type of national economic policy designed to maximize the trade of a nation and especially to maximize the accumulation of gold and silver.
Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system and an ideology based on private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit
Lay Investiture
The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was a conflict between church and state in medieval Europe. In the 11th and 12th centuries, a series of popes challenged the authority of European monarchies.
Avignon Papacy
The Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon rather than in Rome. The situation arose from the conflict between the papacy and the French crown
Anti-Semitism
Antisemitism is hostility to, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is generally considered to be a form of racism.
Erasmus
Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, known as Erasmus or Erasmus of Rotterdam, was a Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, social critic, teacher, and theologian. Erasmus was a classical scholar and wrote in a pure Latin style.
Suleiman The Magnificent
Suleiman I, commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in the West and Kanunî Sultan Süleyman in his realm, was the tenth and longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to his death in 1566.
Hundred Years War
The Hundred Years’ War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, rulers of the Kingdom of France, over the succession to the French throne.
Italian City-States
The Italian city-states. During the Renaissance, Italy was a collection of city-states, each with its own ruler—the Pope in Rome, the Medici family in Florence, the Doge in Venice, the Sforza family in Milan, the Este family in Ferrara,
Machiavelli
was an Italian diplomat, politician, historian, philosopher, humanist, and writer of the Renaissance period. He has often been called the father of modern political science.
Catholic Reformation
The Counter-Reformation, also called the Catholic Reformation or the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation,
Reconquista
The Reconquista is the period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula in the about 780 years between the Islamic conquest of Hispania in 711 and the fall of the last Islamic state in Iberia at Granada to the expanding Christian kingdoms in 1492.
Spanish Armada
he Spanish Armada was a Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from La Coruña in August 1588, under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia with the purpose of escorting an army from Flanders to invade England.
Thirty Year War
The Thirty Years’ War was a war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. One of the longest and most destructive conflicts in human history
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s pre-eminent dramatist.
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, more commonly Leonardo da Vinci or simply Leonardo, was an Italian Renaissance polymath whose areas of interest included invention, painting, sculpting, architecture
Michelangelo
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance born in the Republic of Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art
Catherine the Great
Catherine II, also known as Catherine the Great, born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, was Empress of Russia from 1762 until 1796, the country’s longest-ruling female leader
Estates-General
In France under the Old Regime, the Estates General or States-General was a legislative and consultative assembly of the different classes of French subjects.
Conciliar Movement
Conciliarism was a reform movement in the 14th-, 15th- and 16th-century Catholic Church which held that supreme authority in the Church resided with an Ecumenical council, apart from, or even against, the pope.
Black Death
The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1346 to 1353.
