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Biology Final exam > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecology

A

the study of the “house”

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2
Q

Species

A

a group of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated

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3
Q

Biological Species Concept

A

members of the same species should have the opportunity to reproduce together

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4
Q

Isolating Properties of species (4)

A

pheromones
geography
habitats
behavior

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5
Q

Population

A

organisms of the same species occupying a particular place at a particular time

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6
Q

Community

A

all individuals of all species in a given area

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7
Q

Ecosystem

A

the community and its non-living components/surroundings

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8
Q

Biotic

A

living

-in a continuous cycle with its opposite

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9
Q

Abiotic

A

nonliving (atmosphere/water)

-in a continuous cycle with its opposite

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10
Q

population growth equation

A

N=rX+I-E-D

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11
Q

N=

A

final number

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12
Q

r=

A

reproductive potential

  • how quickly a species reproduces
  • give the species everything it needs to grow
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13
Q

X=

A

initial number

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14
Q

I=

A

immigration

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15
Q

E=

A

emmigration

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16
Q

D=

A

mortality factor

-keeps r from going over K

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17
Q

K=

A

carrying capacity

-number of individuals in a population that can be sustained indefinitely

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18
Q

Limiting Factors of K

A
  1. Density dependent
  2. Density independent
  3. Predation
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19
Q

Density Dependent Limiting Factors Examples

A

food, shelter, disease, and war

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20
Q

Density independent Limiting Factors Examples

A

temperatures, earthquakes, and natural disasters

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21
Q

Predation Limiting Factor

A

killing off a species predator to increase population of said species

22
Q

Survivorship Curve

A

measures what potential survivorship a person has at a certain point in the r life

23
Q

Reproductive Strategies

A

This can be either Opportunistic or Equilibrium; when a population chooses whether or not they will put their energy into mass production or not

24
Q

Opportunistic Strategy

A

Rats/Weeds (r)

  • many small young
  • rapid maturation
  • little paternal care
  • reproduce only once
  • small body sizes
  • poor adult survival
25
Q

Equlibrium

A

Elephants/people (K)

  • few large young
  • large body size
  • good adult survival
  • reproduce many times
  • intense paternal care
  • slow maturation
26
Q

Symbiosis

A

Interaction where 2 organisms are living together in some way

  • mutalism
  • Commensalism
27
Q

Mutualism

A

relationship that is beneficial to both parties

28
Q

Commensalism

A

relationship where one benefits and the other is uneffected

29
Q

Competition

A

Interaction with two species with very similar requirements

30
Q

Fundamental Niche

A

everything that is needed by a certain creature

31
Q

Realized Niche

A

everything that a creature gets after competition

32
Q

Niche

A

all the physical, chemical, and biological factors needed in a habitat and the roles played by a species

33
Q

Gause’s Principle/Competitive Exclusion

A

“complete competitors cannot exist”

-same species will always kill the other

34
Q

Niche Partitioning

A

species divide an area out so that they do not have to be competitive
-MacAurthur

35
Q

Predation

A

one creature killing another weaker creature

-makes the rest of weak species stronger

36
Q

Coevolution of Predator and Prey

A

over time, prey organisms should be getting better at defending themselves and predators should be better at capturing their prey

37
Q

Parasitism

A

a creature living inside of your body that does not want you to be killed immdiately

38
Q

Parasitoid

A

a creature that lays eggs inside a living body and lets the juices of the creature nourish its young

39
Q

Community Succession

A

communities predictably changing over time where one community takes place of the next

40
Q

Sere

A

a community within a sequence of community succession

41
Q

Climax Community

A

the community that will remain forever and will continue on if undisturbed

42
Q

Primary Community

A

the absolute beginning with nothing that takes eons to form (raw rock)

43
Q

Secondary Community

A

mature soil; takes about 100 years or so to form

44
Q

Island Biogeography

A

an island in the middle of the ocean is a bigger target for creatures depending on the size and roundedness

45
Q

Examples of Coevolution of pred and prey (4)

A
  1. Structural
  2. chemical
  3. coloration
  4. parasitism
46
Q

Chemical Secondary compounds (coevolution)

A

extra compounds meant for protection

IE Latex in a plant is poison

47
Q

Examples of Coloration in coevolution

A
  1. camouflage
  2. Counter Shading
  3. warning coloraiton
  4. mimicry
  5. Mullerian
  6. Batesian
48
Q

Mullerian (coevolution)

A

a group of organisms sharing the same coloration and defense

IE Buzzing= wasp, honey bee

49
Q

Batesian (coevolution)

A

harmless mimic resembling a harmful model

50
Q

What is a human’s survivorship curve?

A

chance of surviving whole life, then dropping quickly

51
Q

What is a bird’s survivorship curve?

A

rapidly decreasing

52
Q

What is a Oyster’s survivorship curve?

A

no chance of survival until it gets older then it will live for a long time

Biology Final exam (1 decks)

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