Final Flashcards
Route of the North African and West African gold trade and means of transportation before the introduction of camels
Trade went through gold producing areas, Fez, Carthrage, and Alexandria via use of horses and donkeys. (Coastline route)
Title of Queen Mother of Benin Kingdom
Oba
The enemy that Sundiata defeated before he could unite and form Mali Kingdom
Soumangouru, King of Susu
King Makers of Oyo and their leader
Prince Oranmiyan, power of king derived from religion
Initial difficulty faced by the Portuguese on their arrival in Africa in the 15th C
Lacked trade goods, slave raids, racism
Names of Forest States
Ife, Oyo, Asante, Benin
Trade system that depended on the Monsoon wind
Indian Ocean trading system
Source of the Gold traded by the Swahili through the Indian ocean
From forest and Savanna of West Africa
Articles of trade of both the trans Saharan and Indian Ocean trading system
Saharan-gold, ivory, moroccan red leather, slaves, textiles, kolanut, salt, date fruit, ostrich feather. Indian ocean- gold, ivory, resins, dye, skin, shells, textiles, slaves, cloves, animals, silkm, porcelain, beads, firearms, persian rugs, books, etc.
Religion of the Kings of Ghana
indigenous religion.
African state that appeared in European maps in the 14th C
kongo
African Prince who was installed as Bishop of Utica in 16th C
Prince Ndoadidiki Mbemba
What is Ajami
Arabic alphabet used for writing African languages, especially Hausa and Swahili
Names of three salt mines in West and central Sudan
Ghana, Mali, Kanem-Borno
Location of Sankore University
Timbaktu, Mali
The principal terminus of the world through which all trade from Middle-East and Asia passed to West Africa
Trans Saharan trading system
Name of means of transportation in the Indian Ocean trade
dhows
Queen who employed diplomacy and war to keep the Portuguese out of her state
Queen Nzinga
State that practices Matrilineal system of inheritance of Kingship in west Africa
Kongo
Ruler of Songhay that did not patronize Islam
Askia Muhammed Toure
Origin or starting point of Bantu Migrations
West Africa
Rebellious group that fought against the major state of west and central sudan
Tuareg/Mossi
Residence of Muslim traders in Ghana’s capital city
Capital was Kumbi Saleh
-divided into two (King’s & Muslim towns)
Responsibility for the building of a Hostel for Bornu students in Cairo in 16th C
Mai Idris Alooma
Reasons for quick spread of Islam in West and East Africa
trade, religion, learning centers, etc.
Four centers of Islamic learning in North and West Africa
Ngarzagamu, Kano, Kanem, Songhay
Adversaries in the battle of Tondibi 1592
Morocco
Swahili City states
Mogadisu, Barawa, Lamu,
Pemba
Which African group defeated the Boers of the Cape in the 18th C.
Xhosa
Significance of the Islands of Sao Tome and principe
used for establishing sugar plantations that became models for the American economies
Functions of Iyalode and Omu
Participate in public affairs over Igbo and Yoruba
rain making queens
rain making queens were above the Bantu
Female military corps in precolonial Africa and name
Gbeto- corp of women soldiers & guards of Dahomey
Estimated population of exported slaves through the Indian ocean/Mediterranean & Atlantic
slave trade
Indian ocean- 10 million. Atlantic- 12 million
Consequences of the slave trade
Depopulation of youths and able-bodied, dislocation of socio-economic development, corruption of values & debasement of formerly human african values, prolonged political crisis & conflicts halting state formation & unification of peoples, technological & scientific stagnation.
Estimated population of European slaves in Africa by 19th C
over 1-1.5 million
States that resisted participation in the Atlantic slave trade
Benin, Baga & Dahomey
Names of Hausa City States
Kanem-Borno & Darfur
Portuguese trading licenses in Africa
Cartaz
Swahili City called Fort Jesus
built by the portugese 1593, captured by oman arabs 1698, became a government prison 1895, declared a national monument 1958, museum built and opened 1960
Causes of demand for slaves in the Muslim World
used for labor, sex, & trade in africa & the islamic world
Date of Dutch establishment of provision station at the Cape
1652
Where Portuguese Christian evangelization succeeded in Africa
warri & kongo
Bantu states
Kongo, Lunda empire, Angola, Buganda, Karagwe, Uganda, Kanzania
Three crops domesticated in Africa
Pearl millet, sorghum (guinea corn), yam tubers
size of rainforest
about 1.4 million sq miles, only one fifth of African landmass
why Khosian is found in southernmost Africa
Their technology was particularly suited to exploiting the dry, semi-desert zones of Southern Africa.
4 writing systems of africa
Egyptian hieroglyphics, Ethiopian, vai, agami
characteristics of australopeticus
Bipedal, small brain, hands/fingers, developed for using tools, omnivorous, extinct about 1.5mya
4 hunter gatherer groups in central and southern africa.
Khoi and san of South Africa, twa and efe of central Africa
Origin of dominant language in the Austronesian language group
Developed from the language of Asian migrants from Borneo Indo
Exogamy practiced among which ethnic group
igbo acephalous society
“the death of an old man in Africa is like…”
a library burning, ahmadu hampate ba
first hominoid to migrate out of africa in to Asia and europe
homo erectus (ergaster)
vegetation with best soil in africa
montane
Fulani language group
Niger Congo West Atlantic
Xhosa language group
niger congo bantu
Kanuri language group
Nilo Saharan
Malagasy language group
Austronesian
Hausa language group
Afro-Asiatic
Role of agriculture in social organization
changed humans from nomadic to sedentary life
cause of migration from the Sahara region
spread of pastoralism and cultivation
three ethnic groups that had acephalous political system in Africa
massai, Fulani, galla boran
three weaknesses of oral tradition
Art is used to record historical events, art is used as a mnemonic device, art history- changes in styles and forms of art and visual culture
keeper of oral tradition in mali
mory kaite
Hypothesis that denies African creation of the great civilizations and engineering feats in ancient Africa.
Denigrated by Arab Muslims, denied by European racists/colonialists. Not much was written because African history relied greatly on oral tradition.
name of early promoter of african history
ahmadu hampate ba
Hamitic Hypothesis
Denies African History. Credits a race of white people with all the great achievements and developments of Pre-Colonial Africa. Believers say that African Americans didn’t contribute to history. Hamitic hypothesis states that artifacts were made by foreigners who came to Africa and not Africans themselves.
Acephalous Societies
Acephalous societies are made up of sedentary farmers/pastoralists whose families maintain virtual autonomy. Examples are the Igbo and Tiy of Nigeria, Tallahensi of Ghana, and the Kikuyu of Kenya. Igbo acephalous societies practiced exogamy.Acephalous cultivator societies are not static and changes are influenced by social development and external contact, at times leading to emergence of chiefs/title societies, and also social stratification (slavery).
Onwuka K. Dike
Onwuka K. Dike lived from 1917-1983. African history was criticized for scarcity of written documents and reliance on oral traditions. Dike pioneered and demonstrated the viability of written documents. Dike defended African history and was the main source or oral traditions.
Transhumance with examples
Transhumance is the African Pastoralist practice of constantly moving from one vegetation zone to another. Transhumance is influenced by search/need for pasture. Transhumance assisted crop production and moved cattle to certain societies without disease. Fulani, Massai, Beribeja, and Almer are examples.
Title of Queens of Meroe
Kadake
Africans in the government and society of Ancient Rome
Rome emerged as new power across the Mediterranean and waged three wars with Carthage & employed Berber king of Numidia
Status of Christianity in Axhum (Aksum) and how it got that status
Dessication, Berbers formed mini-states of Libya, Mauri, and Numidia. Gharamante roamed desert area and coastal population grew.
Role of Meroe in Egypt
Meroe conquered then ruled Egypt. Made many contributions in religion
Significance of Nabta Playa, Egypt in African history
earliest evidence of domestication of cattle
Origin and Development of Iron working in Africa
Developed independently in Africa over 2500 ya. Further aided sedentary life. iron used for making tools, etc. Forests & environment destroyed.
common problems shared by written sources and oral traditions
can be falsified or destroyed
Muslim invasion of Egypt
Boosted trade & economy. Slave trade affected population and political stability.
How Islam spread to South Africa
Islam spread to South Africa through trade in gold/slaves and muslim refugees
