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Foundations of counseling > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Counselors can help limit their legal involvement regarding counselor competency if they:

A

Operate within their scope of practice

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2
Q

Systems theory is based on the belief that:

A

A change to one part of a family system changes the other members of the family

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3
Q

The belief that one’s own culture is the standard by which other cultures are judged is called:

A

Ethnocentrism

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4
Q

Events and opportunities that are available, but not required, for graduate students:

A

Represent the hidden curriculum, and are often opportunities to enhance a student’s professional development

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5
Q

The term used to describe counselors own unresolved conflict from the past is:

A

Unfinished business

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6
Q

Involuntary clients are:

A

Clients who do not wish to participate in the counseling process but are mandated to do so

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7
Q

The MMPI is an example of what kind of test:

A

A test of psychopathology

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8
Q

The Five Factor (or Big Five) Theory of Personality includes:

A

Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experiences

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9
Q

The suggestions in the book to improve one’s own cultural competence include all of the following EXCEPT:

A

Watch television or Internet videos that include people from different cultures

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10
Q

About ____ of the world’s children/adolescents have a diagnosable mental disorder.

A

20%

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11
Q

Counselors who help clients with disabilities find jobs, are in what field of counseling?

A

Rehabilitation Counseling

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12
Q

Tracking the effectiveness of his/or her own interventions can help a counselor _______:

A

All of the above (Justify the need for additional funds for programming, understand the types of problems or clients with which s/he is most effective, determine whether s/he needs additional training or education to work with certain problems or populations)

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13
Q

Counseling modalities…

A

(refer to page 284-285)

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14
Q

Which of the following statements is true about the current status of career counseling?

A

All of the above

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15
Q

The 20 roles of the counselor listed in the chapter include all of the following except:

A

Counselor as disciplinarian

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16
Q

Students that are passive learners….

A

do only the minimum of what is expected, sit quietly and take notes during class can be labeled as disengaged or unprepared. Deprives them the opportunity to test their ideas in public but deprives others of their knowledge and ideas.

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17
Q

The term psychotherapy is today used to describe:

A

A generic term for the entire spectrum of change theories and techniques

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18
Q

Which of the following is true of graduate students/graduate education?

A

All of the above

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19
Q

The center for school counseling has identified the following priorities as important except what?

A

Most important topics for future research:
Identifying the best practices
Documenting effectiveness
Understanding how research can affect change in the field
Identifying the most effective educational and supervisory approaches for training

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20
Q

The relationship between the counselor and client during assessment is:

A

Is as critically important to the assessment process as it is during any point in the counseling relationship

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21
Q

Students from underrepresented groups may find their programs lack cultural diversity, how can they improve this?

A

Be aware of the pressures, reach out to other minority students, don’t take on so much responsibility, cultivate a dual identity, find a mentor, build cross-cultural alliances, graduate and get a job.

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22
Q

Process addictions:

A

Involve being addicted to repetitive engagement in a particular process, such as watching Internet pornography, playing online games, or gambling

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23
Q

Adult developmental models include what principles?

A

Self-directed learning approach?

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24
Q

Recent changes in healthcare mean that counselors:

A

Must follow mandates regarding length and type of treatment they use, if they wish to get reimbursed by Managed Care companies for their work

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25
Q

Using research to make informed choices about the effectiveness of a counselor’s own practice or program (responding to internal pressure) is an example of:

A

A proactive approach

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26
Q

The statement assessment is treatment means:

A

The process of assessment, if done correctly, can start the client on a path toward healing and growth

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27
Q

Research shows that therapists who have participated in their own counseling at some point in their careers typically have:

A

A better understanding of their own interpersonal functioning

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28
Q

An example of a type of counseling specialization based on an intervention or technique is _____

A

Play therapy

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29
Q

Counselors who are feelers rather than thinkers may have the strength of being empathetic, but may struggle with:

A

Being objective

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30
Q

When it comes to the role of ethics and law, _____:

A

Some decisions a counselor might make are legally permissible but ethically unsound

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31
Q

Couples counseling is most useful when _________:

A

Both members want to solve relationship problems

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32
Q

According to FERPA, school counselors:

A

All of the above

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33
Q

In the first phase of counseling the overarching purpose is to:

A

Establish the counseling relationship

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34
Q

In order to be effective, counselors

A

Must make deliberate and intentional decisions to understand and confront, and then work to eliminate the stereotypes they hold

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35
Q

Career counseling is considered a fundamental component of counseling because

A

All of the above

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36
Q

Carl Rogers’ core conditions include:

A

All of the above (congruence, unconditional positive regard, empathy)

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37
Q

The so-called Big Three mistakes in testing involve ignoring (or failing to accurately assess):

A

Severe mental disorders, substance abuse, and violence/self-harm

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38
Q

Psychodynamic theories are based on the belief:

A

Clients must understand the conflicting forces within them and recognize the influence of their past in order to live more consciously

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39
Q

The 20/20: Vision for the Future of Counseling is premised on the belief that:

A

Sharing a common professional identity is critical for counselors

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40
Q

Which of the following statements is/are true about evaluating research?

A

All of the above (It is important to know who funded the study, It is important to know who were the subjects, It is important to know how many people participated)

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41
Q

In general, research shows counselors like all of the following characteristics of their jobs EXCEPT:

A

Feeling responsible for people’s lives

42
Q

The counseling environment typically used for clients who are immediately suicidal or homicidal is:

A

Inpatient unit

43
Q

Some of the strategies for determining the quality of information on websites include all of the following EXCEPT _____:

A

Make sure there are lots of links to lots of other websites included

44
Q

The three broad areas of focus for school counselors, according to the ASCA national standards, include all of the following EXCEPT:

A

Moral Development

45
Q

The belief that outer circumstances control people’s behavior is:

A

Reactivity

46
Q

When counselors are hired by prosecutors or defendants to provide input on legal cases, they are operating in the role of: _____:

A

Expert witness

47
Q

The now discredited theory of understanding people by reading the bumps on their head is called:

A

Phrenology

48
Q

An elevator speech is:

A

A short talk about your research and practice interests, future goals
(named after the kind of speech you could give someone you shared an elevator ride with)

49
Q

Counselors in the role of group leader typically operate in which of the following settings

A

All of the above (Schools, mental health agencies, rehabilitation centers)

50
Q

A needs assessment (context evaluation) is used to _____

A

All of the above (Help organizations make informed choices about the use of resources, help set institutional priorities, help develop appropriate action plans for implementation of counseling programs)

51
Q

Which of the following is an example of a counselor in the role of consultant?

A

A rehabilitation counselor helps school administrators select appropriate assistive technology for a student with a disability

52
Q

The “helper therapy principle” is the idea that both the helper, as well as the client, benefit from the counseling relationship. In general, this theory is _____

A

Based on a body of research that says counselors’ own psychological well-being improves from their counseling practice

53
Q

For a counselor, which of the following is or are effective methods to demonstrate leadership at work?

A

All of the above

54
Q

The division of the ACA that aligns with counselors who want to work with physical and cognitive disabilities is:

A

American Rehabilitation Counseling Association

55
Q

Research shows that the four predominant emotions in counseling students are the same core emotions that are typically part of the change process for clients. Specifically, these four emotions are _____:

A

Happy, sad, angry, fearful

56
Q

Counselor self-disclosure:

A

Is used sparingly, and only if it helps the client

57
Q

Feedback given to others is most helpful when:

A

It is directed at a behavior the receiver can do something about

58
Q

All of the following are components of wellness that are part of a wellness approach to counseling as described in the chapter EXCEPT _____

A

Verbal wellness

59
Q

The counseling specialty that has been identified as most readily adapting to an electronic format is _____

A

Career Counseling

60
Q

Social wellness is important because:

A

All of the above (Social interaction combats isolation and loneliness, low levels of social support are correlated with many different types of mental disorders, social support is an important buffer against stress)

61
Q

The advocacy competencies required of school counselors is:

A

All of the above

62
Q

A private practice?

A

It takes a minimum of 3-5 years to build a business? (refer to pages 303-305)

63
Q

Effective counseling?

A

….

64
Q

At present, the type of therapy that has more research being conducted about its effectiveness than any other theoretical approach (and is therefore sometimes called the “Blue Chip Growth Selection” of theories is _____

A

Cognitive Theory

65
Q

Which of the following statements is or are true about minority groups and mental health?

A

All of the above

66
Q

There is increasing attention paid to eclectic/integrative counseling because _____

A

All of the above (No single theory works for all clients and problems, no single theory has emerged as superior to others, common factors are better predictors of outcome than any particular theory)

67
Q

In developing your own Personal Wellness Plan, the most effective strategy is to take data from a wellness assessment and then _____

A

Analyze the data and create goals for a limited number of high priority areas for which you are motivated to make lifestyle changes

68
Q

The primary purpose behind Kleinman’s questions to help clients communicate their understanding of the problem is _____

A

To remind counselors to assess the role that culture plays in an individual’s understanding of the problem

69
Q

When counselors learn to think like researchers, they:

A

Adopt an investigative and inquisitive approach about their clients and the best ways to help them

70
Q

The preferred term, as recognized by the ASCA, for counselors who work in school settings is:

A

Professional School Counselor

71
Q

School counselors are licensed or certified by:

A

The Department of Education

72
Q

A proactive approach to attempting to behave in the highest ethical manner is called _____

A

Aspirational ethics

73
Q

One of the benefits the counseling relationship has over talking with friends or family members is:

A

……

74
Q

The best personality type, as measured by the MBTI, for a counselor is:

A

None of the above are better than any others

75
Q

In order to give informed consent, a client must have all of the following EXCEPT:

A

Appropriate Goals

76
Q

Which of the following is or are an appropriate strategy to help a counselor find the effectiveness of their counseling?

A

All of the above (A school counselor tracks the number of times students in her anger management group get in fights on the playground before and after an intervention, a rehabilitation counselor tracks his clients self-efficacy about finding a job before and after an intervention, a mental health counselor tracks her clients self-reported depression level at regular intervals throughout treatment)

77
Q

The unhealthy belief that all technology is good for you is called:

A

Technophilia

78
Q

Which of the following statements is or are true about lifelong learning?

A

Getting advanced training beyond the university degree is important for counselor who wish to specialize

79
Q

Which of these statements is most accurate when describing the religious/spiritual life of Americans?

A

The religious/spiritual life of Americans can best be described as diverse and extremely fluid.

80
Q

All of the following have been identified as imported personality traits for counselors to possess to be effective EXCEPT:

A

An extroverted personality

81
Q

When counselors conduct an assessment interview, they typically include:

A

All of the above

82
Q

Among the ACA assessment competencies required of all counselors is _____

A

A working knowledge of statistical concepts in testing

83
Q

A holistic approach to wellness counseling means understanding that:

A

All of the above

84
Q

The feminist responses to developmental models generally argue:

A

All of the above (The male-normative approach to the models is inappropriate for women, women typically define themselves through connections and relationships, making the goal of independence and autonomy inappropriate, for women, the loss of connectedness implied in autonomy can translate to a loss of sense of self)

85
Q

Some of the modern day influences of Carl Rogers include:

A

All of the above (Play therapy, an application of Rogerian conditions to children, motivational interviewing, a person-centered approach that focuses on client ambivalence, the introduction of relationship-enhancing skills (empathy, congruence) as the basic skills taught in all counseling programs)

86
Q

“What makes you think your boss is out to get you?” is an example of:

A

An open question

87
Q

All of these are important principles of cognitive therapy EXCEPT:

A

Understanding an individual’s early childhood experiences is important to uncovering the reasons for their current behaviors

88
Q

Definitions of professional identity typically highlight all of these themes EXCEPT:

A

Rejection of all previous professional roles

89
Q

One of the important “take home” messages from the examples of how counselors might engage in their own research is _____

A

Research into one’s own counseling need not be complex, but requires an investigative approach to assessing the outcomes of one’s counseling

90
Q

The division of the ACA that most closely aligns with counselors who specialize in testing is:

A

Association for Assessment in Counseling and Education

91
Q

Crisis counseling is:

A

the most pragmatic and action oriented form of helping.

92
Q

The counseling environment where clients receive intensive ‘round the clock care is:

A

Inpatient unit

93
Q

The healthcare strategy aimed at keeping people from getting sick, rather than trying to cure them after they have a disease, is called _____

A

Primary Prevention

94
Q

In the research study highlighted in this chapter’s Informed by Research, you learned that practicing school counselors, practicing mental health counselors, and counseling faculty in the study all:

A

Had very favorable perceptions of the relevance of all of the core curricular experiences for counselors

95
Q

The two most important ways that counselors demonstrate the effectiveness of their counseling are _____:

A

Using interventions that have been validated by others and conducting one’s own research

96
Q

The ethical principle that can best be summed up as “above all do no harm” is:

A

Nonmaleficence

97
Q

The term, coined by Goleman, for being able to recognize and accept your own feelings is:

A

Emotional Intelligence

98
Q

The belief that people inherently wish for things to remain the same, to maintain the status quo, is:

A

Homeostasis

99
Q

Research results that are statistically significant tell the reader:

A

That the findings in the research represent a significant departure from what could be considered by chance alone

100
Q

The examples of advocacy, in the chapter, have which of the following elements in common?

A

They have a personal commitment to enhancing the lives of others

101
Q

Multiculturalism has been called “THE FOURTH FORCE” in counseling, building on the three existing forces of:

A

psychodynamic, behavioral, and humanistic counseling

Foundations of counseling (1 decks)

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