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Cardiology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

non-DHP are prescribed the MOST for what

what are they?

A

Rate Control in A Fib

Diltiazem & verapamil

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2
Q

Dihydropryridines are prescribed the MOST for what

what are they?

A

Amplodipine & nifedapine

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3
Q

Chronic low vitamin K induces calcification

A

CAD

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4
Q

Safest Drug Class for HTN in whites

A

Diuretics

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5
Q

Safest Drug Class for HTN in african americans

A

CCB-amlopdipine

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6
Q

Potassium Sparing

A

Spironolactone

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7
Q

Potassium Depleating

A

HCTZ and LISINOPRIL

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8
Q

Most common S/E of lisinopril

A

Cough

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9
Q

Alternatives to BB in ND care for Rate control in a-fib:

A

Parasympathetic improvement with acetylcholine.

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10
Q

Nitro Contraindication

A

COPD and R MI

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11
Q

Steps for MI in office

A 
Call 911
Aspirin
02 if pulse ox <92%
Start IV line
Maybe nitro
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12
Q

HFrEF

A

Systolic Heart failure, MI, Ischemia, Ischemic cardiomyopathy

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13
Q

HFpEF

A

Diastolic Heartfailure

fibrosis, stiff rigidity of walls, filling is impared

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14
Q

Fibrosis

A

Selenium

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15
Q

What is effective at reversing diastolic HF

A

Coq10

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16
Q

Which drugs can cause HF most commonly

A

Chemotherapy drugs

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17
Q

Hakasumo cardiomyopathy

A

HF from severe stress and ballooning.

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18
Q

MC for LHF:

A

Ischemic MI

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19
Q

MC for RHF

A

LHF

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20
Q

Reduced EF in systolic:

A

Echo

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21
Q

DX for DVT

A

D-DImer and CT Angiography

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22
Q

How long do you monitor a DVT for

A

3-6 months

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23
Q

positive ionotrop, increased contractility of heart used for a fib and systolic heart failure

A

Digoxin

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24
Q

natural positive ionotrope used for systolic heart failure

A

Taurene

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25
Q

Natural Beta Blockers used in tachyarrhytmias

A

Lycopus and leonorus:

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26
Q

3 L’s for systolic heart failure:

A

Lasix, lanoxin, lying down

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27
Q

Ach protocol:

A

• : induces skeletal muscle contraction and inhibits cardiac muscle contraction
o Indications: Tachycardia, Afib, PVC and PACS
o Always give with panthothene ( frequent pvcs or elevated TG) or pantothenic acid

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28
Q

Best for Vasodilation

A

L-Arginine

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29
Q

Natural HMG Coa reductase inhibitor

A

RYR

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30
Q

3’gs of Platlet aggregation inhibiton Natural Anti-coagulants, decrease platlet aggregation

A

Gingko, Garlic, Ginseng:

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31
Q

6 Things that Decrease Platlet aggregation

A

Fish oil, ginkgo, garlic, natookinase, aspirin and Plavix

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32
Q

3 things that optimize blood visocity

A

Nattokinase, prolytic enzymes, ginko:

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33
Q

Natural Calcium Channel Blocker:

A

Magnesium

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34
Q

lowers Bp, improves circulation, reduces cholesterol absorption

A

Caynne Pepper

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35
Q

best for decreasing elevated triglycerides

A

Pantethine:

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36
Q

Post MI Meds:

A

BALL

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37
Q

Post Stent:

A

• Plavix, statin, Ace, Beta Blocker

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38
Q

Diebetics:

A

ALL

39
Q

Natural Treatments for bronchiectasis

A

NAC, Nebulized hypertonic saline, bromelain, proteolytic enzymes

40
Q

First line Antibiotic for pneumonia

A

azithromycin

41
Q

• Patients with other risks or antibiotics use in the past 3 months:

A

z-pack and amoxicillin

42
Q

Acute Asthma attack formula

A

• ephedra capsicum and lobelia

43
Q

Herbs contraindicated in HTN

A

Glycerrhrhiza, ephedra

44
Q

Stronger antibiotic for pneumonia

A

Stronger

45
Q

Good For Asthma

inhibits airway hyperresponsiveness, improves FEV1

A

Butterbur

46
Q

Goof for Asthma

reduces eosophils and can improve FEV1

A

Ginko:

47
Q

improves asthma symptoms

A

Tylophora

48
Q

ASTHMA AGGRIVATORS

A

ACE-I AND L-ARGININE

49
Q

3 c’s for valvular dz

A

convllaria, cactus and cratataeguss

50
Q
  • Epinephrine:

* Adults, children, IM IV

A
  • Adults: .3-.5
  • Children: .05-.2
  • IM: 1:1,000
  • IV: 1:10,000
51
Q

A flutter-

A

saw tooth

52
Q

A fib-

A

no p wave

53
Q

V fib:

A

no true qrs rapid discharges

54
Q

Torsade de points

A

and small

55
Q

1st degree heart block:

A

: prolonged PR interval >.20 seconds, no drop in QRS (if R is far from p you have a first degree)

56
Q

2nd degree Type I

A

Type 1: Wenkebach: “longer longer longer drop”

57
Q

2nd degree type 2

A

Type 2: There no lengthening but sudden dropped beats,, if some “p’s don’t get through then you have morbitz two

58
Q

3rd degree heart block

A

prolonged PR interval no correlation between p wave a QRS if “ps and q’s don’t agree then you have a third degree

59
Q

Right Bundle Branch block

A

RsR’, rabbit ear

60
Q

CURB-65:

A

Pneumonia hospitalization

confusion to person place and time, BUN > 19mg/dl, Respirations >30, Blood pressure <90/60, >65

61
Q

Fev1/FVC:

A

obstructive(

62
Q

FEF25-75

A

early airway obstruction, measures the small airways, <60%

63
Q

FROM JANE

A

endocartitis, fever, roth spots, osler nodes, murmur, janeway lesion lesons, anemina, nail bed hemorrhage, embolism

64
Q

Jones Criteria

A

rheumatic heart disease, 2 major or2 minor and one major

Major: migratory polyarthritis, carditis and valvulitis, cns involvement, subacute

Minor: arthralgia, fever, increased, prolonged PR on EKG

65
Q

Aortic Stenosis hemodynamically compromised when

A
66
Q

Mitral regurg hemodynamically compromised when

A

rule of 55

67
Q

Systolic Heart failure Ejection fraction

A

<40

68
Q

Diastolic HF:

A

> 50-65

69
Q

Rales (crackles):

A

bronchitis, pneumonia, fibrosis CHF

70
Q

Rhonchi or wheezes

A

asthma, bronchitis(clears with cough) CHF

71
Q

Rubs

A

Pleurisy

72
Q

Bronchophy(99) or Whispered pect (1,2,3):

A

Consolidation

73
Q

Egophony: eee-Aa

A

consolidation

74
Q

Meds that cause orthostasis

A

ace, nitrates, b-blockers, arbs, ca blockers

75
Q

TEE

A

Left Atrial appendage in A fib

76
Q

TTE

A

Mitral regurg, aortic stenosis CHF

77
Q

CHAD

A 
Should I anti-coagulate
        Chf (1)
	HTN (1)
	Age >75 (1)
	DM(1)
	Stroke/TIA(2)
	=0(aspirin 81-325mg), 1(aspirin or couadin), 2(coudamadin INr 2-3)
78
Q

CHADVASC:

A 
CHF
	HTN (1)
	Age >75 (2)
	DM(1)
	Stroke/TIA(2)
	Vacular DZ: PAD, MI, Aorta calci) *1)
	Age 65-75 (1)
	Sex F (1)
	0 truly no risk, 1 aspirin, 2, Coumadin INR 2-3)
79
Q

HASBLED

A 
Bleed risk
HTN
Abnl renal or liver fxn
Stroke
Bleeding past
Labile INR
>65
drugs or alcohol

each gets 1 point if >3 anticoagulate with caution

80
Q

Best or HTN with anxiety

A

Rauwolfia

81
Q

Loop and Thiazides are?

A

Potassium depleting
Hypomagnesemia
Hyperuricemia
Hyperglycemia

82
Q

COPD TX

A 
o	bronchodilate (ephedra, belladonna, lobelia),
o	 rescue inhaler, 
o	expectorants (lobelia, ephemdra, lomatia, NAC), 
o	antitussives (tessalon perls, codeine
83
Q

PAD TX

A

• Tx arterial PAD
o check homocysteine (want <7)
if high, supp w folate and arginine and g-tocopherol
o Rutin- flavonoids- inc. capillary permeability
o Ginkgo- improves vascularization, antioxidant, reduces platelet aggregation
o Ruscus- anti-inflamm., diminishes vascular permeability
o Vasodilation: crataegus, magnesium, L-arginine
o Chelation

84
Q

Lp(a)

A

carotid atherosclerosis and early mi risk, cerebral infarction

85
Q

ApoA1:

A

best predictor of early MI in young men

86
Q

LP-PLA2:

A

best marker for CAD in diabetics and post menopausal women

87
Q

CRP

A

men with high CRP have 3x incidence of MI

88
Q

THR

A

220-age-resting x.6+resting

89
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

prevent blindness, large arteries

90
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa

A

• Segmental inflammation & necrosis of medium sized muscular arteries
tx with high dose prednisone

91
Q

Tx for PAD

A

o check homocysteine (want <7)
♣ if high, supp w folate and arginine and g-tocopherol
o Rutin- flavonoids- inc. capillary permeability
o Ginkgo- improves vascularization, antioxidant, reduces platelet aggregation
o Ruscus- anti-inflamm., diminishes vascular permeability
o Vasodilation: crataegus, magnesium, L-arginine
Chelation

92
Q

Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Dz)

A

• small and med. arteries and veins, NOT coronary arteries

Smokers

93
Q

Tx for PVD

A

• Horse chestnut (Aesculus)
o reduces capillary permeability and edema, improves circulation, improves venous tone
o 600-700 mg seed extract
o Drug Int: Warfarin, Coumarin: alfalfa, celery, chamomile, fenugreek, red clover etc.
• Ayurvedic herbs: Arjuna bark, Coleus, Guggul
o Dec: TC, LDL, TGs, Inc: HDL, inhibit platelet agg.
• Witch Hazel (Hamamelis Virginiana)
o Anti-inflamm. Astringent, hemostatic
o Rub into lower extremities

Cardiology (8 decks)

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