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Surgical techniques > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

I Period

A

Primaeval times - 19th century: only removal of injured parts

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2
Q

II Period

A

From discovery of narcosis (1846) - 1960: removal of injured parts and their reconstruction, sepsis, antisepsis, blood groups and development of intensive therapy

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3
Q

III Period

A

From 1960-now

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4
Q

Hippocrates

A

5th century BC: founder of rational empiric therapy

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5
Q

Joseph Priestly

A

discovered laughing gas (N20/nitrous oxide)

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6
Q

Humphry Davy

A

determined nitrous oxide for surgical anesthesia

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7
Q

William Morton

A

American dentist who first publicly demonstrated the use of inhaled ether as a surgical anesthetic in 1846

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8
Q

Ether day

A

16th of october, 1846: first public demonstration of surgical inervention in which patient was narcotized by ether

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9
Q

Oliver Holmes

A

Introduced the conception of anesthesia in 1847

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10
Q

Ignác Semmelweis

A

In 1847 introduced compulsory hand washing with chlorinated lime to prevent Puerperal fever (death decreased from 30 to 1%). He recognized that: the corpuscles from the dead body could enter into the blood stream (ex. Kolletschka)

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11
Q

János Balassa

A

the first in hungary to apply ether narcosis

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12
Q

Louis Pastaur

A

Germ theory 1860, he also assumed that microscopic particles, which are originated from the surrounding tissues cause wound infection and pus formation

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13
Q

Joseph Lister

A

Based on Pasteur: Introduced the disinfecting theory found the carbolic acid (phenol) injection into wound to kill septic germs. Also on instruments, bandages, operative area and into the air. 1867

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14
Q

Charles McBurney

A

He determined the area of greatest abdominal pain which is the exact place of the typical muscle guarding.(McBurney´s point) 1889

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15
Q

Wilhelm Röntgen

A

Discovered x-ray in 1895

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16
Q

William Halsted

A

Developed surgical rubber gloves 1896

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17
Q

Hunter

A

Surgical mask

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18
Q

Landsteiner

A

Pathologist who discovered Blood groups and described the ABO and Rh systems

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19
Q

Alexis Carrel

A

Technique for the end-to-end anastomosis of blood vessels 1902

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20
Q

Georg Kelling

A

The word “laparoscopy” was used by him which is a Greek word which means soft tissue inspection 1902

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21
Q

Hümér Hütl

A

Victor Fischer was the inventor of the first surgical stapler that was used by Humer. Petz designed the device further 1907

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22
Q

William T. Bovie

A

Electrocautery

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23
Q

Janos Veres

A

Hungarian Pulmonologist . In order to prevent injuries of the lung while getting through the thoracic wall, Veres used his own spring loaded needle to create safely an artificial pneumothorax which was a technique for treatment of the tuberculosis at that time. - now used to create pneumoperitoneum. 1938

24
Q

Andrash Nemeth

A

first kidney transplantation in Szeged 1962

25
Q

Erich Mühe

A

performed first laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1985

26
Q

Friedrich-wilhelm Mohr

A

Using the Da Vinci surgical robot performed the first robotically assisted cardiac bypass.

27
Q

NOTES

A

Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery - 2004

28
Q

Operating complex

A

consist of locker rooms, scrub-up area, preparing rooms and operating theatres

29
Q

Sterilization

A

Removal of viable microorganisms. Autoclave, gas sterilization, ethylene oxide, cold sterilization and irradiation

30
Q

Disinfection

A

Reduction of the number of viable microorganisms. Low temperature steam, and chemical disinfectants (phenols, chloride derivatives, alcohols, and quaternary ammonium compounds)

31
Q

Preparation of the skin area. Most common disinfectants

A

70% isopropanol, 0.5% chlorhexidine (a quaternary ammonium compound) and 70% povidone-iodine

32
Q

Surgical instrument material

A

usually made of stainless steel - Chromium and vanadium alloys

33
Q

Categorization of surgical instruments

A
  1. Cutting and dissecting instruments
  2. Grasping instruments
  3. Instruments used for hemostasis
  4. Retracting instruments
  5. Tissue unifying instruments and materials
  6. Special instruments
34
Q

Cutting and dissecting instruments

A 
Scalpels
Scissors
Hemostats used to prepare the tissues (Péan, and mosquito, abdominal Péan)
Dissectors
Diathermy pencil 
Amputation knife
Saws
Raspatories
35
Q

Grasping instruments

A 
Forceps
Towel clamps
Vascular clamps (kocher ,Lumnizer, Péan, mosquito, Abdominal Péan)
Needle holders
Organ holders
Sponge holders
36
Q

Instruments used for hemostasis

A

Vascular clamps (Péan, Mosquito, abdominal Péan, Kocher, Lumnitzer, Satinsky, Bulldog)
Electrocautery knife
Ligation needles (Deschamp ligation needle)
Directing probes (Payr probe)
Argon beam coagulator

37
Q

Retracting instruments

A 
Hand-held:
Skin hook
Rake
Roux
Langenbeck
Visceral and abdominal wall retractor

Self-retaining:
Weitlaner self-retaining retractor
Gosset self-retaining retractor

38
Q

Tissue unifying instruments and materials (Wound-closing)

A 
Surgical needles
suture materials
neddle holder
Staplers
Clips 
Adhesive tapes
39
Q

Criteria for an ideal needle

A
  • Made of stainless steel which causes minimal tissue reaction
  • Should be as thin as possible (but not affect the strength)
  • Can be fixed and directed in a stable manner on the needle holder
  • Can direct the suture material with a suitable assurance and minimum tissue injury
  • Should be sharp enough to pass through the tissue (with minimum tissue resistance)
  • Should be stiff enough to resist bending but at the same time it should be flexible enough not to break
  • should be sterile (and easily sterilizable)
40
Q

Types of circular needle

A

Taper-point
Taper-cutting
Blunt taper

41
Q

Types of cutting needle

A

Conventional cutting
Reversed cutting
Spatula-shaped cutting

42
Q

Sir Moynihan´s criteria for an ideal suture material

A

Suitable for any surgical intervention, easy handling, high tensile strength, knot security, monofilamentous structure, causing minimal tissue reaction, having a definable absorbancy time, easy to resteralize and cheep

43
Q

Threads are classified according to:

A

the origin of material (natural or synthetic)
the structure (mono- or multifilament)
absorbability (absorbable or nonabsorbable)

44
Q

wound

A

a circumscribed injury which is due to an external force and can involve any tissue or organ

45
Q

Puncture wound

A

Vulnus punctum (possibility of anaerobic infection, injury to blood vessels and nerves)

46
Q

Incised wound

A

Vulnus Scissum (best healing, no shattering)

47
Q

Cut wound

A

Vulnus Caesum (similar to incised but include additional force. Degree of shattering is big)

48
Q

Crush Wound

A

Vulnus contusum (open or closed)

49
Q

Torn wound

A

Vulnus Lacerum

50
Q

Shot wound

A

Vulnus sclopetarium

51
Q

Bite wound

A

Vulnus morsum

52
Q

Pringle Maneuver

A

compression of the vessels at porta hepatis (hepatodoudenal ligament)

53
Q

Tourniquet

A

is a constricting or compressing device, specifically a bandage, used to control venous and arterial circulation to an extremity for a period of time

54
Q

Bone wax composition

A

beeswax, almond oil and alicyclic acid

55
Q

Hümér Hültl

A

plaid an important role in the spread of the antiseptic surgery in hungary

Surgical techniques (1 decks)

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