final Flashcards
What part of the cell cycle is division of genetic information
Mitosis
what phase does replication of organelles occur?
G1 phase
if a cell is in G0 phase, does it reenter the cell cycle whenever it wants too?
false
During what phase does kinetochore microtubules attach to the kinetochore?
Prometaphase
All cells are able to divide through their entire life span? t/f?
false
Pick two that work together to regulate cetain phases of the cell cycle?
Quiescence, Cyclins, Cyclin dependent kinases, CIP
Cyclins and Cycling dependent kinases
The restriction point does which of the following jobs?
Prevents progression to DNA synthesis
During what phase does the nucleolus disappear?
Prophase
Human papollimavirus deactivates which two tumor suppressor genes?
P53 and BRCA1
if a cell becomes damaged, and if DNA is altered or damaged, what stage is it most likely stopped at to fix it?
G1
Cdc25c may be inhibited by what tumor suppressor protein? ( their are two)
RB AND TP53
Which cyclin will kinases CDK1 to transition from G2 to M?
Cyclin B
T/F A senescent cells is permanently stuck in G0.
T
T/F Cells are killed off but are replaced at the same time to maintain homeostasis.
T
What theory allows for limitless replication?
Stem Cell Theory
If a cancer follows ___, it is more likely to be resistant to drugs.
Stem Cell Theory
What is the correct order of the process of cancer?
Initiation- promotion- progression- metastasis
What are some hallmark of cancer?
Self-sufficient growth
Angiogenesis
Ignores anti-growth signals
Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a mutation of what gene?
TP53
Which gene functions in cell adhesion?
APC
Which of the following statements is not true regarding apoptosis?
1) No damage to cells around
2) Relatively short process
3) Due to injury
4) No inflammation
No damage to cells around,
Relatively short process
No inflammation
T/F most of the time apoptosis is bad.
false
What signals the apoptosome complex in the cytoplasm?
Cytochrome C
What is the function of caspase 3?
Effector caspase
cancer can be described as
Overexpression of apoptotic protein
Which hallmark of aging is described as having abnormal protein accumulation?
Loss of protein homeostasis
What hallmark of aging alters transcription?
Epigenetic alterations
T/F Eukaryotic cells can divide indefinitely.
False
T/F senescent cells do not replicate because they are not metabolically active anymore
False
T/F action potentials A spread unidirectionally
True
During what stage of an action potential will there be an efflux of K+
Repolarization
Which channels initiate action potential and are typically fast?
Sodium Channels
T/F If at some point during a nerve action potential cannot generate enough voltage, depolarization spread will stop.
True
Activation of sodium and potassium pump is dependent on ____
Sodium
what is an example of an anion?
Calcium
Histamine is an example of what class of neurotransmitter?
Class II
what are some examples of pairing? (3)
Dopamine- substania nigra
Acetylcholine- motor cortex
Glutamate- cerberal cortex
T/F all neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles
False
What will strychnine do to synaptic transmission?
Reduce threshold
T/F oncogenes control cell growth and differentiation
false
which part of the cell cycle is when two daughter cells are given off?
Interphase
