FINAL

Question 1

What is biology?

Answer 1

Study of life

Question 2

What are the 7 characteristics of life?

Answer 2

1) has cells
2) uses energy (metabolism)
3) it grows/develops/has a life cycle
4) reproduces
5) adapt to their environment
6) contains DNA(hereditary material)
7) responds to environment

Question 3

What is the difference between a control group and an experimental group in an experiment?

Answer 3

Controlled groups have an expected result or something that is already known, an experimental group will present an unknown answer

Question 4

What is ecology?

Answer 4

Understanding how populations interact to form communities, and how energy and nutrients sustain an ecosystem

Question 5

What are biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem?

Answer 5

Biotic is living and abiotic is non-living

Question 6

What is commensalism?

Answer 6

(+, 0)- one organism has increased fitness, other is unchanged in fitness by tbe relationship
ex: hummingbird and flowering plant

Question 7

What is mutualism/symbiotic?

Answer 7

(+,+)- both populations have increased fitness, both reproduce more often when together
ex: cleaner fish and larger reed fish

Question 8

What is parasitsm/predation/herbivory?

Answer 8

(+,-)- one benefits (increased fitness), other decreases

ex: panda eating bamboo

Question 9

What is competition?

Answer 9

(-,-)- both have decreased fitness

Question 10

What is the basic unit of life?

Answer 10

Carbon

Question 11

What are organelles? What do they do?

Answer 11

Small parts within a cell, they all carry out different functions

Question 12

What are the four macromolecules(polymers) and what monomers are they made of?

Answer 12

Carbohydrates –> simple sugars (glucose)
Lipids –> fatty acids
Proteins –> amino acids
Nucleic Acids –> nucleotides

Question 13

Why do humans eat?

Answer 13

For energy

Question 14

What are humans made of?

Answer 14

80% water

20% other stuff

Question 15

What are 5 functions of proteins?

Answer 15

Structure, transportation, antibodies, enzymes, hormones

Question 16

What are the 3 types of DNA replication?

Answer 16

Semi-conservative
Conservative
Mosaic

Question 17

What must happen before cell division?

Answer 17

DNA replication

Question 18

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 18

Mitosis is asexual reproduction where no mates are needed because cells separate to form a new individual and a single cell can make a copy of itself, meiosis is sexual reproduction where offspring inherit some genetic info and gametes are made

Question 19

What is DNA?

Answer 19

Genetic material of the cell that transfers hereditary information

Question 20

What is a gene? (2 things)

Answer 20

1) Sequence of DNA that “codes” for proteins

2) basic unit of hereditary

Question 21

What is a chromosome?

Answer 21

Really long piece of DNA that houses many genes

Question 22

How many chromosomes are in humans?

Answer 22

46 total, 23 pairs

Question 23

What is a genome?

Answer 23

All the genetic material contained by an organism

Question 24

What is n and 2n?

Answer 24

N= haploid, you: 23 (gametes)
2N= diploid, you: 46 (somatic cells (body cells))

Question 25

What are the 2 rules for working with chromosomes?

Answer 25

1) gene is on the same place of the chromosome

2) only one copy of each gene on a chromosome

Question 26

What is an allele?

Answer 26

Variations of a gene

Question 27

What is a genotype?

Answer 27

Actual combination of alleles for a gene

Question 28

What is a phenotype?

Answer 28

Outward expression of protein (allele) combination

Question 29

What does mitosis and meiosis have in common?

Answer 29

They are both forms of cellular reproduction (produce new cells), they have similar ‘steps’ and both occur in sexually reproducing organisms

Question 30

What is the purpose of mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 30

Mitosis- to create exact copies

Meiosis- to make gametes

Question 31

Is mitosis and meiosis haploid or diploid?

Answer 31

Mitosis- diploid

Meiosis- haploid

Question 32

What are Mendel’s 5 rules?

Answer 32

1) genetic info comes in particles (genes)
2) each particle can have one of several forms (alleles)
3) each plant has 2 particles with 3 possible combinations
4) each parent contributes 1 particle to their offspring
5) each organism receives 1 particle from the mom and 1 from the dad

Question 33

Where do mutations occur?

Answer 33

Gametes, mutations that are passed to offspring are more rare but are the only ones that matter in terms of evolution

Question 34

What is the evolutionary definition of ‘fitness’?

Answer 34

Reproductive success

Question 35

Why can we not scale flies to be as big as humans?

Answer 35

Because length, volume, and height cannot scale proportionally

Question 36

What is diffusion?

Answer 36

The movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration, spontaneous

Question 37

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 37

C6H1206 (glucose) + O2 + CO2 + H20

(respiration)

Question 38

What can do cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Answer 38

Only plants and certain bacteria

Question 39

What is osmosis?

Answer 39

A type of diffusion, on consider movement of water molecules