Final

Question 1

Define ichthyology

Answer 1

scientific study of fish: the body shape, placement, shape of fins, location of mouth, types of teeth, coloration, all reflect lifestyle of fish

Question 2

Fusiform body shape

Answer 2

tear drop shape, very hydrodynamic

Question 3

What are the adaptations to enhance swimming designed for?

Answer 3

To overcome water resistance or frictional drag

Question 4

Laterally compressed

Answer 4

compressiform

Question 5

Dorso-ventrally flattened

Answer 5

depressiform

Question 6

Coloration for camo

Answer 6

Warning, cryptic, disruptive

Question 7

Warning

Answer 7

signals that I am dangerous, poisonous or taste bad

Question 8

Cryptic

Answer 8

Blending with the environment to deceive predator or prey

Question 9

Disruptive

Answer 9

The presence of color stripes, bars, spots that help break up the outline of the fish

Question 10

Countershading

Answer 10

have silver or white bellies (ventral surface) in sharp contrast to dark backs, blue/green (dorsal surface)
Deep water fishes are black or red for concealment in the dim light

Question 11

Fins

Answer 11

pectoral, dorsal, pelvic, anal, caudal

Question 12

Reproduction in sharks, rays, and skates

Answer 12

Internal fertilization via claspers

Question 13

What are claspers?

Answer 13

a pair of copulatory organs located along the edge of the pelvic fins

Question 14

Oviparous

Answer 14

External egg deposition in egg case

Question 15

Ovoviviparous

Answer 15

Internal maturation in uterus attached to yolk sac, live bearer

Question 16

Viviparous

Answer 16

Internal development via placenta or absorption of nutrients by direct contact with the uterine walls of the mother

Question 17

Bony fish reproduction

Answer 17

Spawn into water , some construct nests and increase parental care
Usually, males seek out females and entice them to spawn, behavioral cues

Question 18

Types of migration:

Answer 18

Diadromous, Anadromous, catadromous

Question 19

Diadromous

Answer 19

migratory between freshwater and the sea for purpose of breeding

Question 20

Anadromous

Answer 20

diadromous fishes which spend most of their life in the sea and mature
When fully grown they return to freshwater to breed

Question 21

Catadromous

Answer 21

diadromous fishes which spend most of their life in freshwater and go to sea as adults to breed

Question 22

Age determination

Answer 22

scales: circuli, annuli
otoliths: ear bones

Question 23

Rays and skates (1)

Answer 23

Expanded pectoral fins fused to head, used for forward propulsion

Question 24

sting rays

Answer 24

poison barbs on tail, painful sting, similar to bee sting

Question 25

electric rays

Answer 25

electric organs in head to prey/predators

Question 26

spiracles

Answer 26

dorsal surface, near eyes, especially important in benthic associated fish
- allow them to bring in clean (non-sediment) water dorsally, pass over gills and expel water ventrally through gill slits

Question 27

Water from mouth moves across _ and out _.

Answer 27

gills; operculum

Question 28

flow of _ is opposite flow of _

Answer 28

water; blood

Question 29

yields _ _

Answer 29

countercurrent exchange

Question 30

Most efficient arrangement

Answer 30

gills exposed to highly oxygenated water along entire length of gill

Question 31

Gills/Breathing

Answer 31

Gill arches, gill filaments, gill lamellae

Question 32

Gill rackers

Answer 32

project anteriorly from gill arches

prevent food from passing through gill chamber and out through operculum

Question 33

Breathing (cartilaginous)

Answer 33

mouth open continuously, or inefficient pumping, no operculum
Benthic: use spiracles

Question 34

Breathing (Bony fish)

Answer 34

efficient pump, have operculum