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final Flashcards

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1
Q

the body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structures, and processes of our government is the ___

A

constitution

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2
Q

the english colonies possessed government, population and territory. they did not possess ___

A

sovereignty

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3
Q

a ____ government is one in which power is divided between a state’s central gov. and local gov.

A

federal

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4
Q

in a democracy, the will of the ___ cannot be used to deprive rights to a member of a ____ group

A

majority, minority

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5
Q

in a democracy, each ____ has the right to criticise the ___ and be heard

A

minority, majority

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6
Q

the idea that the people have the right to abolish an abusive and unresponsive gov. was FIRST formally expressed by americans in the ____ of ___

A

declaration of independence

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7
Q

the first state ____ focused mainly on limiting governmental power

A

constitution

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8
Q

the first state constitutions, adopted after independence, placed most authority with the ___ government’s

A

state

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9
Q

all of the following influenced the Framers in developing the ___: Articles of Confederation, John Locke, and State constitution

A

Constitution

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10
Q

Government must operate within certain bounds set by the people describes the concept of ____ government

A

limited

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11
Q

when there is a ____ of ___, power is distributed among three independent branches of government

A

separation of powers

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12
Q

the president’s veto an act of Congress is an example of ___ and ___

A

checks and balances
president
appointment
unconstitutional

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13
Q

Examples of the checks and balance system:

a. the ___ vetoes a bill
b. the senate approves the president’s __ for supreme court justice
c. the supreme court declares a law passed by congress to be ____

A

a. president
b. appointment
c. unconstitutional

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14
Q

the legislative branch can check the judicial branch by its power to remove judges through ____

A

impeachment

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15
Q

prohibition of alcoholic beverages was formally amended to the constitution in th ____ amendment

A

18th

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16
Q

the amendment guaranteeing freedom of speech was ratified in the ___ amendment

A

1st

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17
Q

the __ amendment to the constitution allowed males of all races the opportunity to vote

A

15th

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18
Q

the ___ amendment ensures the right of women to vote

A

19th

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19
Q

the 26th amendment to the constitution extended the right to vote to individuals __ years and older

A

18

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20
Q

the voting age was changed from 21 to 18 in 1971 by the ___ amendment

A

26th

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21
Q

the number of amendments to the constitution is ___

A

27

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22
Q

the basic constitutional rights of the people were first set out in the ___ of ___

A

bill of rights

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23
Q

the ___ amendment authorizes unapportioned federal taxes on income

A

16th

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24
Q

federalism divides power between a ____ government and ____ governments

A

national, state

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25
Q

_____ of ____ is the separation of governmental powers between the National Gov. and 50 State Gov.’s

A

division of powers

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26
Q

the ____ amendment states that powers not delegated to the U.S. by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states or the people

A

10th

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27
Q

those reserved powers held by the states, and not granted specifically to the Nat. Gov. by the Constitution, are _____ powers

A

reserved

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28
Q

powers held jointly by the nat. and state gov.’s are called ____ powers

A

concurrent

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29
Q

the two-party system developed in the US mainly because conflicts about the ___ created opposing viewpoints

A

Constitution

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30
Q

in the US, a political party is made up of a group of people who work to get candidates ___ to political offices

A

elected

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31
Q

american political parties tend to concentrate on winning ____ and holding public office

A

elections

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32
Q

both major parties try to appeal to as many ____ as possible

A

voters

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33
Q

when trying to predict how an individual will ___, family is the factor that is an accurate indicator more than any other

A

vote

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34
Q

people belong to a particular political party voluntarily, because they made a ___ choice

A

popular

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35
Q

a one-party system exists in nearly all ____ today

A

dictatorships

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36
Q

most single-issue parties have been ___-lived

A

short

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37
Q

over time, the ideas first developed by ___ parties are often borrowed by ___ parties

A

minor, major

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38
Q

attitudes held by a significant number of people concerning governmental and political questions are known as public ____

A

opinion

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39
Q

____ are taken to determine people’s attitude and viewpoints

A

polls

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40
Q

an interest group is a ____ organization that tries to persuade ____ officials to respond to the member’s concerns

A

private, public

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41
Q

which form of mass media is now the principle source of political information for about 80% of the population of the US? _____

A

television

42
Q

_____ groups are accountable to their members

A

interest

43
Q

every state is represented by at least ___ member of the HoR

A

one

44
Q

the senate has ___ members from each state

A

two

45
Q

the number of senate seats held by each state is fixed by the _____

A

constitution

46
Q

senators are elected to serve ___-year terms

A

six

47
Q

the nature of the US gov. is ____ and federal

A

national

48
Q

_____ is the exclusive right to publish or sell written or creative work (lasts 50 yrs/life)

A

copyright

49
Q

the act of making a non-citizen into a citizen is _____

A

naturalization

50
Q

_____ is the sole right to make or sell a new invention

A

patent

51
Q

the right to take private property for public use is ______

A

eminent domain

52
Q

federal land under control of ____ territory

A

national

53
Q

in mculloch v. maryland, the supreme court upeld the doctrine of _____ powers

A

implied

54
Q

in the VP’s absence, the presiding officer of the ___ is the president pro tempore

A

senate

55
Q

the purpose of a ___ is to prevent action on a bill

A

filibuster

56
Q

according to the constitution, the president must be at least ____ years of age

A

35

57
Q

formal qualifications for the president: ___ years of age, ______ citizen, resident for at least ____ years

A

34, natural born, resident

58
Q

a president can serve no more than ____ years in office

A

10

59
Q

as of January 20, 2001, the President receives a yearly salary of _____

A

400k

60
Q

a formal duty assigned to the VP by the Constitution is to preside over the ____

A

house

61
Q

one of the major flaws in the ____ system is that the winner of the popular vote is not guaranteed presidency

A

electoral

62
Q

public debt today is measured in the ____ of dollars

A

trillions

63
Q

the duties of the Immigration and Naturalization Service include issuing work permits to ____, granting asylum to political ____, and preparing applicants for US citizenship

A

immigrants, refugees

64
Q

district courts have ____ jurisdiction over MOST cases heard in federal court

A

original

65
Q

the supreme court exercises both ____ and ____ jurisdiction

A

original and appellate

66
Q

the person who is sued is called the ____

A

defendant

67
Q

the person who is suing is the ___

A

plaintiff

68
Q

the term of office for constitutional court judges is determined by the constitution

A

life- term

69
Q

counterfeiting is a criminal case tried in ___ court

A

district

70
Q

the presiding officer of the ____ is called the chief justice

A

house

71
Q

there are ____ justices on the supreme court

A

9

72
Q

most importantly, the ____ court is called the High Court because it is the last court in which federal questions can be decided

A

supreme

73
Q

a person may do as he or she chooses in this country as long as that person does not infringe on the ___ of others

A

rights

74
Q

the _____ Clause guarantees that States will not deny people any basic or essential liberties

A

due process

75
Q

the difference between libel and slander is that libel is ___ and slander is ___

A

written, spoken

76
Q

the ____ constitutional amendment guarantees the right of the people to assemble peaceably

A

14

77
Q

a person is guaranteed the following for a fair trial: 1. trial within a reasonable time 2. trial by a ___ and 3. adequate ____

A

jury, defense

78
Q

the ___ amendment forbids slavery/forms of involuntary servitude

A

13

79
Q

under the ____ amendment each state has the right to have a militia

A

2

80
Q

the 4th amendment forbids unreasonable ___ and ___

A

search and seizure

81
Q

when arresting a person, police must have ____ cause to believe the person is involved in criminal activity

A

probable

82
Q

for an arrest to be lawful, police must either have a ____ or probable cause

A

warrant

83
Q

the main purpose of the _____ rule is to deter police misconduct

A

exclusionary

84
Q

a writ of ______ requires the police to bring a prisoner before the court

A

habeus corpus

85
Q

the guarantee against double jeopardy protects the person from being tried ___ for the same crime

A

twice

86
Q

the ___ amendment includes due process, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and private property

A

5th

87
Q

the ___ amendment’s guarantee of a speedy trial and public trial is aimed at trying those accused of crimes without undue delay and avoiding secret trials

A

6th

88
Q

as a result of the Supreme Court ruling in Miranda v. Arizona, a person accused of a crime is entitled to a reading of his or her ____ at the time of arrest

A

rights

89
Q

the ___ amendment deals with the prohibition of excessive bail, as well as cruel and unusual punishment

A

8

90
Q

the only crime specifically defined in the constitution is ____

A

treason

91
Q

“separate educational facilities are inherently unequal” (Brown v. Board of Education) the effect of this supreme court ruling was to require the ___ of public schools

A

integration

92
Q

the ___ amendment of the constitution declares that a person can become an american citizen either by birth or naturalization

A

14th

93
Q

a person can become a ___ of the US by being born in the US, being born to American parents, and by an act of congress or a treaty

A

citizen

94
Q

the significance of the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison is that the decision established the power of _____

A

judicial review

95
Q

as a result of the supreme court ruling in gideon v. wainright, states must provide ____ for indigent defendants

A

attorneys

96
Q

the dredd scott decision upheld the southern viewpoint that black people were not ____ and that slaves were ____

A

citizens, property

97
Q

the police enter without invitation or warrant and seize evidence, which supreme court case ruled this inadmissible?

A

Mapp v. Ohio

98
Q

in plessy v. ferguson the supreme court ruled that racial ____ was constitutional

A

segregation

99
Q

the supreme court decision in roe v. wade was considered the constitutional principle rights of _____

A

women

100
Q

the supreme court case of tinker v. des moines involved the issue of the ___ of students in school

A

rights

Gov (13 decks)

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