Final

Question 1

Fuzzy logic

Answer 1

deals with grey areas, like something can be both rainy and cloudy or the between whole numbers

Question 2

traditional probability theory

Answer 2

only deals in yes’s or no’s, black or white 1’s or 0‘s

Question 3

-Bertrand Russell’s logical paradox

Answer 3

Now we consider the set of all normal sets, R. Determining whether R is normal or abnormal is impossible: if R were a normal set, it would be contained in the set of normal sets (itself), and therefore be abnormal; and if R were abnormal, it would not be contained in the set of all normal sets (itself), and therefore be normal. This leads to the conclusion that R is neither normal nor abnormal: Russell’s paradox
I always lie can be both true and a lie

Question 4

Dualism

Answer 4

The belief that the mental and physical consist of different states or substances

Question 5

Monism

Answer 5

The belief that the mental and physical consists of a single type of state or substance.

Question 6

Gestalt

Answer 6

The whole is more than the sum of it’s parts

Question 7

Emergent properties

Answer 7

A complex system with self-organization and distributed representations will often exhibit properties that look as though they were designed by a plan, when in fact they arose unpredictably from the many local interactions between subcomponents.

Question 8

Hypothesis Testing

Answer 8

Theory: Caffeine heightens the senses.
Experiment: Compare performance of caffeinated and non-caffeinated subjects in a light detection task.
(H1) Hypothesis: Caffeine improves light detection.(Avoid Type I Error)
(H0) Null Hypothesis: Caffeine does not affect light detection.(Avoid Type II Error

Question 9

Type 1 Error

Type 2 Error

Answer 9

• is when we state that our Hypothesis is true when it is false.
• is when we state our Hypothesis is false when it is true.

Question 10

dependent variables

Answer 10

the response you get when you change something in an experiment.

Question 11

Independent variables

Answer 11

the thing you change or control for in an experiment.
For example: I want to see if caffeine helps people study. The caffeine would be the independent variable (because you can change the amount or you can have people have it and have people not gave it) and the study scores would be the dependent variable (because depending on the amount of caffeine (or whether you have it or not) affects the score).

Question 12

operationalized

Answer 12

the process of defining a fuzzy concept so as to make it clearly distinguishable, measurable, and understandable in terms of empirical observations.

Question 13

motor equivalence

Answer 13

the idea that you can perform the same action with different muscles

Question 14

V1

Answer 14

lines of spatial orientation

Question 15

Extrastriate (V2, V3, V4)

Answer 15

expand upon those lines and orientations and shades and contrasts

Question 16

Phoneme(Phonology)

Answer 16

is the smallest sound unit of a language that has no meaning.

Question 17

Morpheme (Morphemes)

Answer 17

is the smallest unit that has meaning.

Question 18

Semantics

Answer 18

the meaning of words in a sentence.

Question 19

Pragmatics

Answer 19

Social rules; context in which language is used

Question 20

Parvocellular (VISUAL PATHWAY) VENTRAL

Answer 20

high spatial resolution, color sensitive, slow cell response
Go into the primary visual cortex (AKA Striate cortex) WHAT
(LGN)

Question 21

Motion Perception MT (VISUAL CORTEX)

Answer 21

can detect where things are moving and in what direction

Question 22

State Space

Answer 22

Attractor basins- the valley of the state space that attracts the things
Local minimums- the local/smaller valleys in the state space where things get hung up but it’s not the ideal where to go