FINAL Flashcards
The Animal Welfare Act
a. functions to ensure humane care and treatment of pets
b. functions to ensure that animals intended for exhibition purposes are provided humane care
c. does not explicitly to ensure humane care of farm animals raised for food and fiber
d. is enforced by the Humane Society of the United States
a, b, c
Animal care procedures that protect animals from disease include
a. vaccination against specific pathogens
b. creating stress to stimulate immune function
c. isolating recently acquired animals from others
d. disinfecting boots before entering a new facility
a, c, d
According to Idaho Statutes, you may not do which of the following to animals
a. impound without food or water
b. change feed without adaptation
c. abandon animals left with a veterinarian
d. exhibit a dog at an obedience or agility event
a, c
Which 2 factors increase flight zone?
a. sudden movement
b. training of the animal
c. sudden, loud noises
d. radio playing in the background
a, c
Which term best describes the overall physiological, health, and behavioral state of an animal in addition to social factors such as public expectations?
a. Animal Science
b. Animal by-product
c. Animal welfare
d. Animal well-being
c
Which 2 factors influence temperament in animals?
a. Genetics
b. Environment
c. Feeding time
d. Age
a, b
______ women in AVS 209 are not allowed to assist ewes that are lambing at the UI sheep center due to risk of exposure to Coxiella burnetii, which causes Q fever in humans.
Pregnant
At the University of Idaho, all applications for use of animals are pre-reviewed by _______, before review by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). (You may either state the person to the position he is it)
The Campus Vet
The three R’s that refer to alternatives to animal use include ______ of techniques to reduce pain and distress, ______ of conscious living vertebrates with non-sentient material, and ______ in the number of animals used.
refinement
replacement
reduction
_____ is an emotion that motivates animals to avoid predators. _____ is a hormone often measured to get an indication of how strongly this emotion is expressed.
fear
cortisol
_____ were re-introduced into Idaho as an endangered species in the mid-90’s and have re-established population. Animal producers are most affected by this species through _____, a phenomenon where wildlife preys on domestic species like cattle. In addition to animal producers, this predator population impacts environmentalists, wildlife activists, and state governments. Together, these groups can come together to _____ meetings so that all groups can highlight their viewpoints and improve the potential for balanced and informed decision-making.
Wolves
depredation
stakeholders
In addition to human exposure to allergens, what are two other different kinds of risks that working with animals can expose humans to? For each risk mentioned, explain one way to minimize the risk.
physical risk: know the animals you are working with
risk of disease (infection): wear proper clothing when working with the animals
Identify 3 good handling practices that apply to large animals.
- handle in smaller herds
- apply minimal pressure
- be calm
Aquaculture growth is driven primarily by which 2 factors?
a. Global population growth
b. Overfished oceans
c. Improved palatability of fish
d. Animal welfare
a, b
Which of the followings not an example of an alternate protein source in aquaculture?
a. Yeast
b. Blood meal
c. Feather meal
d. Fish meal
d
Which breed of dairy cow is most abundant in the US dairy industry?
a. Guernsey
b. Ayrshire
c. Jersey
d. Holstein
d
Unlike hares, rabbits
a. are relatively small and have small ears
b. are atrial, or born without hair and sight
c. do not have a functional cecum
d. are more variable in color
a, b, d
With regard to disease prevention
a. host barriers such as skin, hair, and secretions provide an initial line of defense
b. innate immunity includes the initial cell mediated response to an antigen (i. e by macrophages)
c. animals experiencing transportation stress mount a more effective immune response than normal
d. genetic selection is an effective strategy to improve disease resistance
a, b, d
Vaccines
a. may contain live, modified, or dead organisms
b. may be administered by oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intranasal routes
c. stimulate an initial increase in IgM, and a larger increase in IgG following second exposure
d. stimulate a protective immune response to disease, but do not cure already diseased animals
a, b, c, d
In terms of annual tonnage produced globally, the largest group of fish is _____.
carp
_____ is a breed of cow known for its high milk fat, while _____ is a breed of cow known for its high milk production.
Jersey
Holstein
Idaho is in the top 5 of US states in terms of milk production. Two of the other major dairy producing states are _____ and _____.
Wisconsin
California
Most of Idaho’s 580,000 cow dairy industry is located in _____ where average herd size is 1300 dairy cows.
Southern Idaho
Twin Falls County
Magic Valley
Rabbits are classified as _____, because they have two sets of incisors teeth on their upper jaw, They also have open-rooted incisors that grow continuously. A common feed for rabbits is grass, oat, or alfalfa _____. Rabbits derive B-vitamins and _____ (nutrient) by practicing cecotrophy, which refers to consumption of a soft fecal pellet.
lagomorphia
hay
protein
Rabbits have a gestation period of approximately _____ days, and the term used to describe a rabbit giving birth is _____.
28-30
kindling
In class, we talked about 3 different systems of fish farming. Name 2 of the 3; for each, explain what makes that system unique.
Intensive: human control, we decide what they eat and they don’t live in a natural environment
Extensive: completely natural, including living and feeding
Semi-Intensive: they live naturally but we feed them what we want them to eat.
Provide one recommended management practice that can reduce overgrown teeth in rabbits.
You can allow them to chew on different things that are reasonably healthy for them
Name the 5 major components of milk. Identify which component is most abundant, which is the most valuable, and which is most variable.
Water-87% Lactose-4.9% Fat-3% Protein-3% minerals/vitamins-<1% Most abundant- Water Most valuable- lactose Most variable- lactose
Name the three components of the disease triad; explain how 1 of the components contributes to the risk of diseases in the population of animals.
Host, Agent, and environment which is known as the disease triad.
The host contributes because it goes into the immunity section of the risk of disease, and if one doesn’t have a good immunity then they are more at risk of disease.
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (s) (ACUC)
a. review all animal use forms
b. approve animal use in AVS 209
c. ensure compliance with humane treatment regulations
d. were established under the Ag Guide
a, b, c
The Animal Welfare Act
a. is enforced by APHIS, which is a branch of USDA
b. functions to ensure that animals intended for use in research are provided humane care
c. functions to ensure humane care and treatment of pets
d. functions to ensure humane care of animals during transportation in commerce
a, b, c, d
In the US, corn has mainly been used for food and feed purposes. In the past 30 years, a new, and increasingly important, product of corn is:
a. syrup
b. fertilizer
c. propane
d. ethanol
d
Which animal used less energy when it’s standing than when it’s laying down?
a. horse
b. cow
c. donkey
d. dog
a
Which country is the world leader in aquaculture?
a. Brazil
b. United States
c. India
d. China
d
Which fish is most abundant in aquaculture in terms of total tonnage produced annually?
a. Orange roughy
b. Tuna
c. Salmonids
d. Carp
d
Colostrum has a considerably higher protein component than milk. What accounts for the higher protein concentration in colostrum vs. milk?
a. Albumin
b. Whey
c. Casein
d. Antibodies
d
Which of the following is the milk producing structure in the mammary gland?
a. Alveolus
b. Teat cistern
c. Duct
d. Streak Canal
a
What is the principal reason average daily gain (ADG) is limited in growing heifers?
a. control feed costs
b. prevent over fattening mammary gland
c. reduced environmental impact
d. genetic limitations
b
Rabbits
a. live in groups and a warren is a group of burrows
b. are altricial, or born without hair and sight
c. are ruminants
d. have open-rooted teeth that continue growing
a, b, d
The term for a baby rabbit is
a. buck
b. doe
c. fryer
d. kit
d
With regard to disease prevention
a. the three primary factors to consider are the host, agent, and environment
b. inadequate nutrition or lack of rest may reduce an animal’s immune response
c. vaccine stimulate the body’s humoral immunity to increase antibody production
d. animals experiencing physical or psychological stress will respond best to vaccines
a, b, c
What is the first step disease diagnosis?
a. establish deviation from normal
b. establish what is normal
c. utilize signs, history, and diagnostic tests
d. none of the above
b
With climate changing, droughts are becoming more common across the US, which can affect the agriculture industry though _____, _____, and _____
mortality
morbidity
crop production
A steroid hormone that is often measured to determine the degree stress can animal experiences is _____.
cortisol
While Holland Lop and Mini Rex are popular show rabbits, the _____ is one of the most popular meat breeds. A meat “fryer” would be expected to gain ~0.5 lb per week, with a feed conversion ratio (feed:gain) of ~__:1.
Californian
4
The process by which milk fat is evenly distributed in liquid milk is _____.
homogenization
The time period 6 weeks before and 6 weeks after calving is known as the _____. Another term for calving is _____, which is a general term for giving birth. Immediately after calving, the dam’s fat supplies are mobilized to provide energy for milk. During this time, the cow is in a state of _____, which presents a higher risk for metabolic disease. If the dam lacks the necessary body fat stores to provide energy, the dam is at risk for _____ If the dam has an overabundance of body fat stores, the dam is at risk for _____.
transition period parturition negative energy balance ketosis fatty-liver disease
Rabbits derive B-vitamins and protein by practicing _____, which refers to consumption of a soft fecal pellet.
cecotrophy
A respiratory disease caused by Pasteurella bacteria in rabbits results in sneezing and discharge from the nose and eyes. The common name of the disease is _____.
sniffles
The U.S. beef industry
a. has a majority of beef cow operations with fewer than 50 cows
b. makes use of feed resources that are not consumable by humans
c. has fewer cattle than India, Brazil, and produces more beef
d. produces beef more efficiently than all countries except Australia, which has abundant grass.
a, b, c
Compared with the beef industry in 1977, the current U.S. beef industry
a. has more cows
b. produce more greenhouse gas
c. requires less feed, land, and water to produce more beef
d. produces younger but heavier market cattle
c, d
Regarding breeds of cattle
a. Longhorn cattle were the first breed to receive federal support to avoid their extinction in the U.S.
b. Limousin cattle may have a myostatin gene polymorphism that increase their muscularity
c. Hereford cattle are known for their docility and the ability perform well in range conditions
d. Beefmaster, Brangus, and Santa Gertrudis are all more heat tolerant than shorthorn cattle
a, b, c, d
Regarding breeds of beef cattle
a. Black Angus are polled and are known for maternal traits and desirable carcass traits
b. Simmental originated as dual-purpose cattle, but have been selected for growth rate in the U.S.
c. Charolais can be horned or polled, and are known for muscularity and growth rate
d. Piedmontese are commonly double muscled and have more dystocia than most other breeds
a, b, c, d
Which of the following have higher total energy and protein requirements than a 1300 lb dry (non-lactating) cow in late gestation?
a. 1100 lb dry cow in late gestation
b. 1300 lb dry cow in mid gestation
c. 1450 lb dry cow in late gestation
d. 1300 lb cow producing 10 lbs of milk
c, d
In a terminal crossbreeding Program
a. a sire breed with strong maternal traits is most desirable, since replacement female will be kept
b. improvements in weaning weight of at least 8.5% due to heterosis should be obtained
c. a breeding season of 60 days will result in a relatively uniform calf crop, which is desirable
d. a three breed cross will produce more improvement in weaning weight than a two breed cross
b, c, d
A two breed rotational crossbreeding system
a. requires two breeding pastures unless A.I. is used
b. is a strategy to maintain two purebred cow herds
c. yields more improvements due to breed complementarity and heterosis than purebred cattle
d. should used two breeds with some maternal ability, since daughters will be kept as replacements
a, c, d
To ensure a higher percentage of bred cows and heifers
a. bulls should undergo breeding soundness exams, which include semen tests
b. one should expect yearling bulls to breed fewer cows than mature bulls
c. cows should be in Body Condition Score 5 or 6 instead of 3 or 9
d. heifers should weigh ~65% of their mature weight at a breeding age of ~14 months
a, b, c, d
