Final

Question 1

__________ is usually the primary cause for denials of payment

Answer 1

Improper coding

Question 2

What does CPT stand for?

Answer 2

Current Procedural Terminology

Question 3

Both ends are connected to an immobile framework

Answer 3

Closed chain activity

Question 4

3 shoulder subluxation patterns

Answer 4

Inferior subluxation, anterior inferior subluxation, superior subluxation

Question 5

Inferior subluxation is common in _________ arm and measured by ____________

Answer 5

a flaccid, finger width

Question 6

Common with a flaccid arm, humeral head is inferior and anterior to glenoid fossa with internal rotation, scapula in downward rotation, elbow flexed due to stretch on biceps tendon

Answer 6

Anterior inferior subluxation of shoulder

Question 7

Type of subluxation common for patients with more motor return due to abnormal firing, results in scapular elevation, humeral abduction, internal rotation, humeral head shifts above glenoid fossa and positioned under acromion process, slight distraction of joint inferiorly with ROM may assist

Answer 7

Superior subluxation

Question 8

Subluxation interventions

Answer 8

Positioning, sling, kinesiotaping, functional e-stim, facilitation, ROM, strengthening

Question 9

Disease-causing microorganisms that may be present in human blood

Answer 9

Bloodborne pathogens

Question 10

2 significant bloodborne pathogens

Answer 10

Hepatitis B virus, HIV

Question 11

Causes illness directly affecting liver, major cause of viral hepatitis, prevention possible through immunization

Answer 11

Hepatitis B infection

Question 12

Virus that affects immune system T4 blood cells in humans and renders them less effective in preventing disease

Answer 12

HIV

Question 13

Spread from one person to another via air, leading cause of death in those infected with AIDS

Answer 13

TB

Question 14

Hot packs indication

Answer 14

I: pain reduction, reduction of muscle guarding, increase blood flow, improve extensibility of superficial soft tissue, provide analgesic effects

Question 15

Use to increase nerve conduction, reduce muscle spasms, provide relaxation, increase blood flow and tissue extensibility

Answer 15

Heat pack

Question 16

Heat advantages

Answer 16

Penetrates up to 3cm, weight of hot pack can aid in elongation of tissue

Question 17

How many layers of toweling with heat?

Answer 17

10-15

Question 18

Time duration heat

Answer 18

10-20 mins

Question 19

Hotpack temp

Answer 19

100-168

Question 20

Used to effectively reduce joint effusion, pain, inflammation, muscle spasms/spasticity, edema

Answer 20

Cryotherapy (cold)

Question 21

Precautions cold

Answer 21

Thermoregulatory problems, hypersensitivity to cold, impaired circulation, crush injuries, children under 6

Question 22

Heat packs contraindication

Answer 22

Con: Impaired circulation, decreased sensation, non-inflammatory edema, child under age 6, acute inflammation, existing fever, malignancies, acute hemorrhage, peripheral vascular disease, radiation, local infections, derm conditions

Question 23

Heat pack cuaitons

Answer 23

Caution: Pt should only experience mild to moderate heat, great caution is used in patients with known peripheral nerve involvement

Question 24

Advantages of cold

Answer 24

Causes vasoconstriction of superficial blood vessels, causes decrease in local blood flow, tissue temp changes affect 1-4cm, overuse of cold can increase edema, cold may lessen pain sensation by stimulating thermal receptors, decreases spasticity through decreased muscle spindle activity

Question 25

Cold indications

Answer 25

Pain, inflammation, facilitate muscle action, sprains/strains, edema, muscle spasm

Question 26

Cold contraindications

Answer 26

Cold hives, cryoglobulinemia, raynaud's disease, tissue replants

Question 27

How long is cold applied?

Answer 27

10-20 mins

Question 28

4 responses to cold

Answer 28

Cold, burning, aching, numbness (5-10 mins to achieve)

Question 29

Use of heat and cold to cause vasodilation and vasoconstriction in the treated tissues, used to alleviate pain, stiffness, swelling

Answer 29

Contrast bath

Question 30

Contrast bath indication

Answer 30

Pain control, edema, inflammation, facilitate muscle action, strains/sprains, muscle spasms, joint effusion, increases tissue extensibility with less edema

Question 31

Contrast bath contrindiciation

Answer 31

Raynaud's syndrome

Question 32

Contrast bath precautions

Answer 32

Hypersensitivity to cold, hypertension, replants or crush injuries, open wounds

Question 33

Provides therapeutic deep heat in treatment of pain relief, muscle spasms, joint contracting, scare tissue restrictions

Answer 33

Ultrasound

Question 34

Conditions common with ultrasound

Answer 34

adhesive capsulitis, brusitis, soft tissue injuries

Question 35

Ultrasound contraindications

Answer 35

over malignancy, reproductive organs, acute infection, pregnant uterus, DVT, within 6cm of pacemaker, healing fracture, implanted pain stimulator, extremities with ischemic tissue, arterial disease, epiphyses of immature children, an anesthetized area

Question 36

Precautions ultrasound

Answer 36

Acute conditions of bursitis and tendonitis (could make inflammation worse), over SC after laminectomy, patients with tendency toward hemorrhaging, on joint replacements, on replacements and grafts, over area of reduced sensation

Question 37

Introduction of topically applied, physiologically water soluble active ions to the epidermis of body for therapeutic purposes by use of continuous direct current

Answer 37

Iontophoresis

Question 38

What is iontophoresis used for?

Answer 38

Treatment of acute and subacture inflammation of musculoskeletal tissues including bursitis, tendonitis, tenosynovitis, epicondylitis

Question 39

Contraindications for iontophoresis

Answer 39

Electrically sensitive patients (pacemaker), overdamaged skin, across temporal regions, known sensitivity to drugs included, over heart can't use

Question 40

Precautions ionto

Answer 40

sensory or vascular impairments, patients who can't communicate, thin or fragile skin

Question 41

Used to temporarily reduce spasticity, facilitate muscle control, re-educate muscle function, and serve as an orthotic substitution

Answer 41

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation

Question 42

E-stim used when?

Answer 42

Prevention or retardation of disuse atrophy, increase local blood circulation, maintaining or increasing ROM, edema management

Question 43

E-stim contraindications

Answer 43

Patient with pacemaker, transcerebral or carotid sinus placement, over tumors, undiagnosed pain

Question 44

Precautions E-stim

Answer 44

History or potential for hemorrhage, menstruation over abdomen, post-surgery, sensory nerve damage or loss of normal skin sensation, seizure disorders

Question 45

Types of mechanical modalities

Answer 45

Vasopnematic devices, continuous passive motion, biofeedback, traction

Question 46

Indications for mechanical modalities

Answer 46

Prevent DVT, promote circulation, promote healing

Question 47

Contraindications for mechanical devices

Answer 47

Acute injury where pressure can cause further damage, phlebitis or DVT, active inflammation, open wounds, infection

Question 48

Removes fluid and waste products from system

Answer 48

Lymphatic system

Question 49

Lymphatic fluid is _____ rich

Answer 49

Protein

Question 50

Lymphatic system made up of?

Answer 50

Vessels and lymph nodes

Question 51

4 locations of lymph nodes

Answer 51

Neck, armpits, groin, behind knees

Question 52

Lymph fluid looks like what?

Answer 52

Clear and odorless

Question 53

Abnormal accumulation of water and proteins in the subcutaneous tissue

Answer 53

Lymphedema

Question 54

Occurs when there is a normal transport capacity but lymphatic load is increased. Ex: TKA

Answer 54

Post-trauma edema

Question 55

Congenital deformity of lymphatic system, onset may occur at birth, with hormonal changes, or after trauma, most commonly seen in LEs

Answer 55

Primary lymphedema

Question 56

Follows insult to the lymphatic system- surgery, radiation, infection, obesity, immobility

Answer 56

Secondary lymphedema

Question 57

4 stages of lymphedema

Answer 57

0 latency, 1 reversible, 2 lymphostatic fibrosis, 3 lymphostatic elephantiasis

Question 58

Stage with no swelling, normal tissue

Answer 58

Latency 0

Question 59

Stage with pitting, soft edema, no tissue changes, elevation reduces swelling

Answer 59

Reversible 1

Question 60

Stage with hardening of tissue, frequent infections

Answer 60

Lymphostatic fibrosis 2

Question 61

Stage with extreme increase in volume and tissue texture with typical skin changes

Answer 61

Lymphostatic elephantiasis 3

Question 62

Presents as symmetrical swelling, DOES NOT INCLUDE FEET, look large in hips, butt, legs, may include upper arms, AKA painful fat syndrome, obesity is most common complication

Answer 62

Lipidema

Question 63

Lympedema treatment contraindications

Answer 63

Cardiac edema, renal failure, acute infections- cellulitis, acute bronchitis, acute DVT, malignancies, bronchial asthma